Training courses

Kernel and Embedded Linux

Bootlin training courses

Embedded Linux, kernel,
Yocto Project, Buildroot, real-time,
graphics, boot time, debugging...

Bootlin logo

Elixir Cross Referencer

  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 24
 25
 26
 27
 28
 29
 30
 31
 32
 33
 34
 35
 36
 37
 38
 39
 40
 41
 42
 43
 44
 45
 46
 47
 48
 49
 50
 51
 52
 53
 54
 55
 56
 57
 58
 59
 60
 61
 62
 63
 64
 65
 66
 67
 68
 69
 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
# $FreeBSD$

# Part of a unified Makefile for building kernels.  This part includes all
# the definitions that need to be after all the % directives except %RULES
# and ones that act like they are part of %RULES.
#
# Most make variables should not be defined in this file.  Instead, they
# should be defined in the kern.pre.mk so that port makefiles can
# override or augment them.

.if defined(DTS) || defined(DTSO) || defined(FDT_DTS_FILE)
.include "dtb.build.mk"

KERNEL_EXTRA+=	${DTB} ${DTBO}
CLEAN+=		${DTB} ${DTBO}

kernel-install: _dtbinstall
.ORDER: beforeinstall _dtbinstall
.endif

# In case the config had a makeoptions DESTDIR...
.if defined(DESTDIR)
MKMODULESENV+=	DESTDIR="${DESTDIR}"
.endif
SYSDIR?= ${S:C;^[^/];${.CURDIR}/&;:tA}
MKMODULESENV+=	KERNBUILDDIR="${.CURDIR}" SYSDIR="${SYSDIR}"
MKMODULESENV+=  MODULE_TIED=yes

.if defined(CONF_CFLAGS)
MKMODULESENV+=	CONF_CFLAGS="${CONF_CFLAGS}"
.endif

.if defined(WITH_CTF)
MKMODULESENV+=	WITH_CTF="${WITH_CTF}"
.endif

.if defined(WITH_EXTRA_TCP_STACKS)
MKMODULESENV+=	WITH_EXTRA_TCP_STACKS="${WITH_EXTRA_TCP_STACKS}"
.endif

.if defined(KCSAN_ENABLED)
MKMODULESENV+=	KCSAN_ENABLED="yes"
.endif

.if defined(SAN_CFLAGS)
MKMODULESENV+=	SAN_CFLAGS="${SAN_CFLAGS}"
.endif

.if defined(GCOV_CFLAGS)
MKMODULESENV+=	GCOV_CFLAGS="${GCOV_CFLAGS}"
.endif

# Allow overriding the kernel debug directory, so kernel and user debug may be
# installed in different directories. Setting it to "" restores the historical
# behavior of installing debug files in the kernel directory.
KERN_DEBUGDIR?=	${DEBUGDIR}

.MAIN: all

.if !defined(NO_MODULES)
# Default prefix used for modules installed from ports
LOCALBASE?=	/usr/local

LOCAL_MODULES_DIR?= ${LOCALBASE}/sys/modules

# Default to installing all modules installed by ports unless overridden
# by the user.
.if !defined(LOCAL_MODULES) && exists(${LOCAL_MODULES_DIR})
LOCAL_MODULES!= ls ${LOCAL_MODULES_DIR}
.endif
.endif

.for target in all clean cleandepend cleandir clobber depend install \
    ${_obj} reinstall tags
${target}: kernel-${target}
.if !defined(NO_MODULES)
${target}: modules-${target}
modules-${target}:
.if !defined(MODULES_WITH_WORLD) && exists($S/modules)
	cd $S/modules; ${MKMODULESENV} ${MAKE} \
	    ${target:S/^reinstall$/install/:S/^clobber$/cleandir/}
.endif
.for module in ${LOCAL_MODULES}
	@${ECHODIR} "===> ${module} (${target:S/^reinstall$/install/:S/^clobber$/cleandir/})"
	@cd ${LOCAL_MODULES_DIR}/${module}; ${MKMODULESENV} ${MAKE} \
	    DIRPRFX="${module}/" \
	    ${target:S/^reinstall$/install/:S/^clobber$/cleandir/}
.endfor
.endif
.endfor

# Handle ports (as defined by the user) that build kernel modules
.if !defined(NO_MODULES) && defined(PORTS_MODULES)
#
# The ports tree needs some environment variables defined to match the new kernel
#
# SRC_BASE is how the ports tree refers to the location of the base source files
.if !defined(SRC_BASE)
SRC_BASE=	${SYSDIR:H:tA}
.endif
# OSVERSION is used by some ports to determine build options
.if !defined(OSRELDATE)
# Definition copied from src/Makefile.inc1
OSRELDATE!=	awk '/^\#define[[:space:]]*__FreeBSD_version/ { print $$3 }' \
		    ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${SRC_BASE}/include/osreldate.h
.endif
# Keep the related ports builds in the obj directory so that they are only rebuilt once per kernel build
#
# Ports search for some dependencies in PATH, so add the location of the
# installed files
WRKDIRPREFIX?=	${.OBJDIR}
PORTSMODULESENV=\
	env \
	-u CC \
	-u CXX \
	-u CPP \
	-u MAKESYSPATH \
	-u MK_AUTO_OBJ \
	-u MAKEOBJDIR \
	MAKEFLAGS="${MAKEFLAGS:M*:tW:S/^-m /-m_/g:S/ -m / -m_/g:tw:N-m_*:NMK_AUTO_OBJ=*}" \
	SYSDIR=${SYSDIR} \
	PATH=${PATH}:${LOCALBASE}/bin:${LOCALBASE}/sbin \
	SRC_BASE=${SRC_BASE} \
	OSVERSION=${OSRELDATE} \
	WRKDIRPREFIX=${WRKDIRPREFIX}

# The WRKDIR needs to be cleaned before building, and trying to change the target
# with a :C pattern below results in install -> instclean
all:
.for __i in ${PORTS_MODULES}
	@${ECHO} "===> Ports module ${__i} (all)"
	cd $${PORTSDIR:-/usr/ports}/${__i}; ${PORTSMODULESENV} ${MAKE} -B clean build
.endfor

.for __target in install reinstall clean
${__target}: ports-${__target}
ports-${__target}:
.for __i in ${PORTS_MODULES}
	@${ECHO} "===> Ports module ${__i} (${__target})"
	cd $${PORTSDIR:-/usr/ports}/${__i}; ${PORTSMODULESENV} ${MAKE} -B ${__target:C/(re)?install/deinstall reinstall/}
.endfor
.endfor
.endif

.ORDER: kernel-install modules-install

beforebuild: .PHONY
kernel-all: beforebuild .WAIT ${KERNEL_KO} ${KERNEL_EXTRA}

kernel-cleandir: kernel-clean kernel-cleandepend

kernel-clobber:
	find . -maxdepth 1 ! -type d ! -name version -delete

kernel-obj:

.if !defined(NO_MODULES)
modules: modules-all
modules-depend: beforebuild
modules-all: beforebuild

.if !defined(NO_MODULES_OBJ)
modules-all modules-depend: modules-obj
.endif
.endif

.if !defined(DEBUG)
FULLKERNEL=	${KERNEL_KO}
.else
FULLKERNEL=	${KERNEL_KO}.full
${KERNEL_KO}: ${FULLKERNEL} ${KERNEL_KO}.debug
	${OBJCOPY} --strip-debug --add-gnu-debuglink=${KERNEL_KO}.debug \
	    ${FULLKERNEL} ${.TARGET}
${KERNEL_KO}.debug: ${FULLKERNEL}
	${OBJCOPY} --only-keep-debug ${FULLKERNEL} ${.TARGET}
install.debug reinstall.debug: gdbinit
	cd ${.CURDIR}; ${MAKE} ${.TARGET:R}

# Install gdbinit files for kernel debugging.
gdbinit:
	grep -v '# XXX' ${S}/../tools/debugscripts/dot.gdbinit | \
	    sed "s:MODPATH:${.OBJDIR}/modules:" > .gdbinit
	cp ${S}/../tools/debugscripts/gdbinit.kernel ${.CURDIR}
.if exists(${S}/../tools/debugscripts/gdbinit.${MACHINE_CPUARCH})
	cp ${S}/../tools/debugscripts/gdbinit.${MACHINE_CPUARCH} \
	    ${.CURDIR}/gdbinit.machine
.endif
.endif

${FULLKERNEL}: ${SYSTEM_DEP} vers.o
	@rm -f ${.TARGET}
	@echo linking ${.TARGET}
	${SYSTEM_LD}
.if !empty(MD_ROOT_SIZE_CONFIGURED) && defined(MFS_IMAGE)
	@sh ${S}/tools/embed_mfs.sh ${.TARGET} ${MFS_IMAGE}
.endif
.if ${MK_CTF} != "no"
	@echo ${CTFMERGE} ${CTFFLAGS} -o ${.TARGET} ...
	@${CTFMERGE} ${CTFFLAGS} -o ${.TARGET} ${SYSTEM_OBJS} vers.o
.endif
.if !defined(DEBUG)
	${OBJCOPY} --strip-debug ${.TARGET}
.endif
	${SYSTEM_LD_TAIL}

OBJS_DEPEND_GUESS+=	offset.inc assym.inc vnode_if.h ${BEFORE_DEPEND:M*.h} \
			${MFILES:T:S/.m$/.h/}

.for mfile in ${MFILES}
# XXX the low quality .m.o rules gnerated by config are normally used
# instead of the .m.c rules here.
${mfile:T:S/.m$/.c/}: ${mfile}
	${AWK} -f $S/tools/makeobjops.awk ${mfile} -c
${mfile:T:S/.m$/.h/}: ${mfile}
	${AWK} -f $S/tools/makeobjops.awk ${mfile} -h
.endfor

kernel-clean:
	rm -f *.o *.so *.pico *.ko *.s eddep errs \
	    ${FULLKERNEL} ${KERNEL_KO} ${KERNEL_KO}.debug \
	    tags vers.c \
	    vnode_if.c vnode_if.h vnode_if_newproto.h vnode_if_typedef.h \
	    ${MFILES:T:S/.m$/.c/} ${MFILES:T:S/.m$/.h/} \
	    ${CLEAN}

# This is a hack.  BFD "optimizes" away dynamic mode if there are no
# dynamic references.  We could probably do a '-Bforcedynamic' mode like
# in the a.out ld.  For now, this works.
hack.pico: Makefile
	:> hack.c
	${CC} ${CCLDFLAGS} -shared ${CFLAGS} -nostdlib hack.c -o hack.pico
	rm -f hack.c

offset.inc: $S/kern/genoffset.sh genoffset.o
	NM='${NM}' NMFLAGS='${NMFLAGS}' sh $S/kern/genoffset.sh genoffset.o > ${.TARGET}

genoffset.o: $S/kern/genoffset.c
	${CC} -c ${CFLAGS:N-flto:N-fno-common} -fcommon $S/kern/genoffset.c

# genoffset_test.o is not actually used for anything - the point of compiling it
# is to exercise the CTASSERT that checks that the offsets in the offset.inc
# _lite struct(s) match those in the original(s). 
genoffset_test.o: $S/kern/genoffset.c offset.inc
	${CC} -c ${CFLAGS:N-flto:N-fno-common} -fcommon -DOFFSET_TEST \
	    $S/kern/genoffset.c -o ${.TARGET}

assym.inc: $S/kern/genassym.sh genassym.o genoffset_test.o
	NM='${NM}' NMFLAGS='${NMFLAGS}' sh $S/kern/genassym.sh genassym.o > ${.TARGET}

genassym.o: $S/$M/$M/genassym.c  offset.inc
	${CC} -c ${CFLAGS:N-flto:N-fno-common} -fcommon $S/$M/$M/genassym.c

OBJS_DEPEND_GUESS+= opt_global.h
genoffset.o genassym.o vers.o: opt_global.h

.if !empty(.MAKE.MODE:Unormal:Mmeta) && empty(.MAKE.MODE:Unormal:Mnofilemon)
_meta_filemon=	1
.endif
# Skip reading .depend when not needed to speed up tree-walks and simple
# lookups.  For install, only do this if no other targets are specified.
# Also skip generating or including .depend.* files if in meta+filemon mode
# since it will track dependencies itself.  OBJS_DEPEND_GUESS is still used
# for _meta_filemon but not for _SKIP_DEPEND.
.if !defined(NO_SKIP_DEPEND) && \
    ((!empty(.MAKEFLAGS:M-V) && empty(.MAKEFLAGS:M*DEP*)) || \
    ${.TARGETS:M*obj} == ${.TARGETS} || \
    ${.TARGETS:M*clean*} == ${.TARGETS} || \
    ${.TARGETS:M*install*} == ${.TARGETS})
_SKIP_DEPEND=	1
.endif
.if defined(_SKIP_DEPEND) || defined(_meta_filemon)
.MAKE.DEPENDFILE=	/dev/null
.endif

kernel-depend: .depend
SRCS=	assym.inc offset.inc vnode_if.h ${BEFORE_DEPEND} ${CFILES} \
	${SYSTEM_CFILES} ${GEN_CFILES} ${SFILES} \
	${MFILES:T:S/.m$/.h/}
DEPENDOBJS+=	${SYSTEM_OBJS} genassym.o genoffset.o genoffset_test.o
DEPENDOBJS+=	${CLEAN:M*.o}
DEPENDFILES=	${DEPENDOBJS:O:u:C/^/.depend./}
.if ${MAKE_VERSION} < 20160220
DEPEND_MP?=	-MP
.endif
.if defined(_SKIP_DEPEND)
# Don't bother reading any .meta files
${DEPENDOBJS}:	.NOMETA
.depend:	.NOMETA
# Unset these to avoid looping/statting on them later.
.undef DEPENDOBJS
.undef DEPENDFILES
.endif	# defined(_SKIP_DEPEND)
DEPEND_CFLAGS+=	-MD ${DEPEND_MP} -MF.depend.${.TARGET}
DEPEND_CFLAGS+=	-MT${.TARGET}
.if !defined(_meta_filemon)
.if !empty(DEPEND_CFLAGS)
# Only add in DEPEND_CFLAGS for CFLAGS on files we expect from DEPENDOBJS
# as those are the only ones we will include.
DEPEND_CFLAGS_CONDITION= "${DEPENDOBJS:M${.TARGET}}" != ""
CFLAGS+=	${${DEPEND_CFLAGS_CONDITION}:?${DEPEND_CFLAGS}:}
.endif
.for __depend_obj in ${DEPENDFILES}
.if ${MAKE_VERSION} < 20160220
.sinclude "${.OBJDIR}/${__depend_obj}"
.else
.dinclude "${.OBJDIR}/${__depend_obj}"
.endif
.endfor
.endif	# !defined(_meta_filemon)

# Always run 'make depend' to generate dependencies early and to avoid the
# need for manually running it.  For the kernel this is mostly a NOP since
# all dependencies are correctly added or accounted for.  This is mostly to
# ensure downstream uses of kernel-depend are handled.
beforebuild: kernel-depend

# Guess some dependencies for when no ${DEPENDFILE}.OBJ is generated yet.
# For meta+filemon the .meta file is checked for since it is the dependency
# file used.
.for __obj in ${DEPENDOBJS:O:u}
.if defined(_meta_filemon)
_depfile=	${.OBJDIR}/${__obj}.meta
.else
_depfile=	${.OBJDIR}/.depend.${__obj}
.endif
.if !exists(${_depfile})
.if ${SYSTEM_OBJS:M${__obj}}
${__obj}: ${OBJS_DEPEND_GUESS}
.endif
${__obj}: ${OBJS_DEPEND_GUESS.${__obj}}
.elif defined(_meta_filemon)
# For meta mode we still need to know which file to depend on to avoid
# ambiguous suffix transformation rules from .PATH.  Meta mode does not
# use .depend files.  We really only need source files, not headers since
# they are typically in SRCS/beforebuild already.  For target-specific
# guesses do include headers though since they may not be in SRCS.
.if ${SYSTEM_OBJS:M${__obj}}
${__obj}: ${OBJS_DEPEND_GUESS:N*.h}
.endif
${__obj}: ${OBJS_DEPEND_GUESS.${__obj}}
.endif	# !exists(${_depfile})
.endfor

.NOPATH: .depend ${DEPENDFILES}

.depend: .PRECIOUS ${SRCS}

_MAP_DEBUG_PREFIX= yes

_ILINKS= machine
.if ${MACHINE} != ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} && ${MACHINE} != "arm64"
_ILINKS+= ${MACHINE_CPUARCH}
.endif
.if ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "i386" || ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "amd64"
_ILINKS+= x86
.endif

# Ensure that the link exists without depending on it when it exists.
# Ensure that debug info references the path in the source tree.
.for _link in ${_ILINKS}
.if !exists(${.OBJDIR}/${_link})
${SRCS} ${DEPENDOBJS}: ${_link}
.endif
.if defined(_MAP_DEBUG_PREFIX)
.if ${_link} == "machine"
CFLAGS+= -fdebug-prefix-map=./machine=${SYSDIR}/${MACHINE}/include
.else
CFLAGS+= -fdebug-prefix-map=./${_link}=${SYSDIR}/${_link}/include
.endif
.endif
.endfor

${_ILINKS}:
	@case ${.TARGET} in \
	machine) \
		path=${S}/${MACHINE}/include ;; \
	*) \
		path=${S}/${.TARGET}/include ;; \
	esac ; \
	${ECHO} ${.TARGET} "->" $$path ; \
	ln -fns $$path ${.TARGET}

# .depend needs include links so we remove them only together.
kernel-cleandepend: .PHONY
	rm -f .depend .depend.* ${_ILINKS}

kernel-tags:
	@ls .depend.* > /dev/null 2>&1 || \
	    { echo "you must make all first"; exit 1; }
	sh $S/conf/systags.sh

kernel-install: .PHONY
	@if [ ! -f ${KERNEL_KO} ] ; then \
		echo "You must build a kernel first." ; \
		exit 1 ; \
	fi
.if exists(${DESTDIR}${KODIR})
	-thiskernel=`sysctl -n kern.bootfile || echo /boot/kernel/kernel` ; \
	if [ ! "`dirname "$$thiskernel"`" -ef ${DESTDIR}${KODIR} ] ; then \
		chflags -R noschg ${DESTDIR}${KODIR} ; \
		rm -rf ${DESTDIR}${KODIR} ; \
		rm -rf ${DESTDIR}${KERN_DEBUGDIR}${KODIR} ; \
	else \
		if [ -d ${DESTDIR}${KODIR}.old ] ; then \
			chflags -R noschg ${DESTDIR}${KODIR}.old ; \
			rm -rf ${DESTDIR}${KODIR}.old ; \
		fi ; \
		mv ${DESTDIR}${KODIR} ${DESTDIR}${KODIR}.old ; \
		if [ -n "${KERN_DEBUGDIR}" -a \
		     -d ${DESTDIR}${KERN_DEBUGDIR}${KODIR} ]; then \
			rm -rf ${DESTDIR}${KERN_DEBUGDIR}${KODIR}.old ; \
			mv ${DESTDIR}${KERN_DEBUGDIR}${KODIR} ${DESTDIR}${KERN_DEBUGDIR}${KODIR}.old ; \
		fi ; \
		sysctl kern.bootfile=${DESTDIR}${KODIR}.old/"`basename "$$thiskernel"`" ; \
	fi
.endif
	mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}${KODIR}
	${INSTALL} -p -m 555 -o ${KMODOWN} -g ${KMODGRP} ${KERNEL_KO} ${DESTDIR}${KODIR}/
.if defined(DEBUG) && !defined(INSTALL_NODEBUG) && ${MK_KERNEL_SYMBOLS} != "no"
	mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}${KERN_DEBUGDIR}${KODIR}
	${INSTALL} -p -m 555 -o ${KMODOWN} -g ${KMODGRP} ${KERNEL_KO}.debug ${DESTDIR}${KERN_DEBUGDIR}${KODIR}/
.endif
.if defined(KERNEL_EXTRA_INSTALL)
	${INSTALL} -p -m 555 -o ${KMODOWN} -g ${KMODGRP} ${KERNEL_EXTRA_INSTALL} ${DESTDIR}${KODIR}/
.endif



kernel-reinstall:
	@-chflags -R noschg ${DESTDIR}${KODIR}
	${INSTALL} -p -m 555 -o ${KMODOWN} -g ${KMODGRP} ${KERNEL_KO} ${DESTDIR}${KODIR}/
.if defined(DEBUG) && !defined(INSTALL_NODEBUG) && ${MK_KERNEL_SYMBOLS} != "no"
	${INSTALL} -p -m 555 -o ${KMODOWN} -g ${KMODGRP} ${KERNEL_KO}.debug ${DESTDIR}${KERN_DEBUGDIR}${KODIR}/
.endif

config.o env.o hints.o vers.o vnode_if.o:
	${NORMAL_C}
	${NORMAL_CTFCONVERT}

.if ${MK_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD} != "no"
REPRO_FLAG="-R"
.endif
vers.c: $S/conf/newvers.sh $S/sys/param.h ${SYSTEM_DEP}
	MAKE="${MAKE}" sh $S/conf/newvers.sh ${REPRO_FLAG} ${KERN_IDENT}

vnode_if.c: $S/tools/vnode_if.awk $S/kern/vnode_if.src
	${AWK} -f $S/tools/vnode_if.awk $S/kern/vnode_if.src -c

vnode_if.h vnode_if_newproto.h vnode_if_typedef.h: $S/tools/vnode_if.awk \
    $S/kern/vnode_if.src
vnode_if.h: vnode_if_newproto.h vnode_if_typedef.h
	${AWK} -f $S/tools/vnode_if.awk $S/kern/vnode_if.src -h
vnode_if_newproto.h:
	${AWK} -f $S/tools/vnode_if.awk $S/kern/vnode_if.src -p
vnode_if_typedef.h:
	${AWK} -f $S/tools/vnode_if.awk $S/kern/vnode_if.src -q

.if ${MFS_IMAGE:Uno} != "no"
.if empty(MD_ROOT_SIZE_CONFIGURED)
embedfs_${MFS_IMAGE:T:R}.o: ${MFS_IMAGE} $S/dev/md/embedfs.S
	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${ACFLAGS} -DMFS_IMAGE="${MFS_IMAGE}" -c \
	    $S/dev/md/embedfs.S -o ${.TARGET}
.endif
.endif

# XXX strictly, everything depends on Makefile because changes to ${PROF}
# only appear there, but we don't handle that.

.include "kern.mk"