Training courses

Kernel and Embedded Linux

Bootlin training courses

Embedded Linux, kernel,
Yocto Project, Buildroot, real-time,
graphics, boot time, debugging...

Bootlin logo

Elixir Cross Referencer

  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 24
 25
 26
 27
 28
 29
 30
 31
 32
 33
 34
 35
 36
 37
 38
 39
 40
 41
 42
 43
 44
 45
 46
 47
 48
 49
 50
 51
 52
 53
 54
 55
 56
 57
 58
 59
 60
 61
 62
 63
 64
 65
 66
 67
 68
 69
 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
/* $FreeBSD$ */
/* $NetBSD: trap_subr.S,v 1.20 2002/04/22 23:20:08 kleink Exp $	*/

/*-
 * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 Wolfgang Solfrank.
 * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 TooLs GmbH.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *	This product includes software developed by TooLs GmbH.
 * 4. The name of TooLs GmbH may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY TOOLS GMBH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL TOOLS GMBH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
 * OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
 * WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
 * ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * NOTICE: This is not a standalone file.  to use it, #include it in
 * your port's locore.S, like so:
 *
 *	#include <powerpc/aim/trap_subr.S>
 */

/* Locate the per-CPU data structure */
#define GET_CPUINFO(r)  \
        mfsprg0  r
#define GET_TOCBASE(r)  \
	lis	r,DMAP_BASE_ADDRESS@highesta;	/* To real-mode alias/dmap */ \
	sldi	r,r,32;							\
	ori	r,r,TRAP_TOCBASE;	/* Magic address for TOC */	\
	ld	r,0(r)

/*
 * Restore SRs for a pmap
 *
 * Requires that r28-r31 be scratch, with r28 initialized to the SLB cache
 */

/*
 * User SRs are loaded through a pointer to the current pmap.
 */
restore_usersrs:
	GET_CPUINFO(%r28)
	ld	%r28,PC_USERSLB(%r28)
	cmpdi	%r28, 0			/* If user SLB pointer NULL, exit */
	beqlr

	li	%r29, 0			/* Set the counter to zero */

	slbia
	slbmfee	%r31,%r29		
	clrrdi	%r31,%r31,28
	slbie	%r31
1:	ld	%r31, 0(%r28)		/* Load SLB entry pointer */
	cmpdi	%r31, 0			/* If NULL, stop */
	beqlr

	ld	%r30, 0(%r31)		/* Load SLBV */
	ld	%r31, 8(%r31)		/* Load SLBE */
	or	%r31, %r31, %r29	/*  Set SLBE slot */
	slbmte	%r30, %r31		/* Install SLB entry */

	addi	%r28, %r28, 8		/* Advance pointer */
	addi	%r29, %r29, 1
	b	1b			/* Repeat */

/*
 * Kernel SRs are loaded directly from the PCPU fields
 */
restore_kernsrs:
	GET_CPUINFO(%r28)
	addi	%r28,%r28,PC_KERNSLB
	ld	%r29,16(%r28)		/* One past USER_SLB_SLOT */
	cmpdi	%r28,0
	beqlr				/* If first kernel entry is invalid,
					 * SLBs not in use, so exit early */

	/* Otherwise, set up SLBs */
	li	%r29, 0			/* Set the counter to zero */

	slbia
	slbmfee	%r31,%r29		
	clrrdi	%r31,%r31,28
	slbie	%r31
1:	cmpdi	%r29, USER_SLB_SLOT	/* Skip the user slot */
	beq-	2f

	ld	%r31, 8(%r28)		/* Load SLBE */
	cmpdi	%r31, 0			/* If SLBE is not valid, stop */
	beqlr
	ld	%r30, 0(%r28)		/* Load SLBV  */
	slbmte	%r30, %r31		/* Install SLB entry */

2:	addi	%r28, %r28, 16		/* Advance pointer */
	addi	%r29, %r29, 1
	cmpdi	%r29, 64		/* Repeat if we are not at the end */
	blt	1b 
	blr

/*
 * FRAME_SETUP assumes:
 *	SPRG1		SP (1)
 * 	SPRG3		trap type
 *	savearea	r27-r31,DAR,DSISR   (DAR & DSISR only for DSI traps)
 *	r28		LR
 *	r29		CR
 *	r30		scratch
 *	r31		scratch
 *	r1		kernel stack
 *	SRR0/1		as at start of trap
 *
 * NOTE: SPRG1 is never used while the MMU is on, making it safe to reuse
 * in any real-mode fault handler, including those handling double faults.
 */
#define	FRAME_SETUP(savearea)						\
/* Have to enable translation to allow access of kernel stack: */	\
	GET_CPUINFO(%r31);						\
	mfsrr0	%r30;							\
	std	%r30,(savearea+CPUSAVE_SRR0)(%r31);	/* save SRR0 */	\
	mfsrr1	%r30;							\
	std	%r30,(savearea+CPUSAVE_SRR1)(%r31);	/* save SRR1 */	\
	mfsprg1	%r31;			/* get saved SP (clears SPRG1) */ \
	mfmsr	%r30;							\
	ori	%r30,%r30,(PSL_DR|PSL_IR|PSL_RI)@l; /* relocation on */	\
	mtmsr	%r30;			/* stack can now be accessed */	\
	isync;								\
	stdu	%r31,-(FRAMELEN+288)(%r1); /* save it in the callframe */ \
	std	%r0, FRAME_0+48(%r1);	/* save r0 in the trapframe */	\
	std	%r31,FRAME_1+48(%r1);	/* save SP   "      "       */	\
	std	%r2, FRAME_2+48(%r1);	/* save r2   "      "       */	\
	std	%r28,FRAME_LR+48(%r1);	/* save LR   "      "       */	\
	std	%r29,FRAME_CR+48(%r1);	/* save CR   "      "       */	\
	GET_CPUINFO(%r2);						\
	ld	%r27,(savearea+CPUSAVE_R27)(%r2); /* get saved r27 */	\
	ld	%r28,(savearea+CPUSAVE_R28)(%r2); /* get saved r28 */	\
	ld	%r29,(savearea+CPUSAVE_R29)(%r2); /* get saved r29 */	\
	ld	%r30,(savearea+CPUSAVE_R30)(%r2); /* get saved r30 */	\
	ld	%r31,(savearea+CPUSAVE_R31)(%r2); /* get saved r31 */	\
	std	%r3,  FRAME_3+48(%r1);	/* save r3-r31 */		\
	std	%r4,  FRAME_4+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r5,  FRAME_5+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r6,  FRAME_6+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r7,  FRAME_7+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r8,  FRAME_8+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r9,  FRAME_9+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r10, FRAME_10+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r11, FRAME_11+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r12, FRAME_12+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r13, FRAME_13+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r14, FRAME_14+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r15, FRAME_15+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r16, FRAME_16+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r17, FRAME_17+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r18, FRAME_18+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r19, FRAME_19+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r20, FRAME_20+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r21, FRAME_21+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r22, FRAME_22+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r23, FRAME_23+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r24, FRAME_24+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r25, FRAME_25+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r26, FRAME_26+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r27, FRAME_27+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r28, FRAME_28+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r29, FRAME_29+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r30, FRAME_30+48(%r1);					\
	std	%r31, FRAME_31+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r28,(savearea+CPUSAVE_AIM_DAR)(%r2);  /* saved DAR */	\
	ld	%r29,(savearea+CPUSAVE_AIM_DSISR)(%r2);/* saved DSISR */\
	ld	%r30,(savearea+CPUSAVE_SRR0)(%r2); /* saved SRR0 */	\
	ld	%r31,(savearea+CPUSAVE_SRR1)(%r2); /* saved SRR1 */	\
	mfxer	%r3;							\
	mfctr	%r4;							\
	mfsprg3	%r5;							\
	std	%r3, FRAME_XER+48(1);	/* save xer/ctr/exc */		\
	std	%r4, FRAME_CTR+48(1);					\
	std	%r5, FRAME_EXC+48(1);					\
	std	%r28,FRAME_AIM_DAR+48(1);				\
	std	%r29,FRAME_AIM_DSISR+48(1); /* save dsisr/srr0/srr1 */	\
	std	%r30,FRAME_SRR0+48(1);					\
	std	%r31,FRAME_SRR1+48(1);					\
	ld	%r13,PC_CURTHREAD(%r2)	/* set kernel curthread */

#define	FRAME_LEAVE(savearea)						\
/* Disable exceptions: */						\
	mfmsr	%r2;							\
	andi.	%r2,%r2,~PSL_EE@l;					\
	mtmsr	%r2;							\
	isync;								\
/* Now restore regs: */							\
	ld	%r2,FRAME_SRR0+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r3,FRAME_SRR1+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r4,FRAME_CTR+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r5,FRAME_XER+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r6,FRAME_LR+48(%r1);					\
	GET_CPUINFO(%r7);						\
	std	%r2,(savearea+CPUSAVE_SRR0)(%r7); /* save SRR0 */	\
	std	%r3,(savearea+CPUSAVE_SRR1)(%r7); /* save SRR1 */	\
	ld	%r7,FRAME_CR+48(%r1);					\
	mtctr	%r4;							\
	mtxer	%r5;							\
	mtlr	%r6;							\
	mtsprg2	%r7;			/* save cr */			\
	ld	%r31,FRAME_31+48(%r1);   /* restore r0-31 */		\
	ld	%r30,FRAME_30+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r29,FRAME_29+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r28,FRAME_28+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r27,FRAME_27+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r26,FRAME_26+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r25,FRAME_25+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r24,FRAME_24+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r23,FRAME_23+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r22,FRAME_22+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r21,FRAME_21+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r20,FRAME_20+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r19,FRAME_19+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r18,FRAME_18+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r17,FRAME_17+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r16,FRAME_16+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r15,FRAME_15+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r14,FRAME_14+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r13,FRAME_13+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r12,FRAME_12+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r11,FRAME_11+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r10,FRAME_10+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r9, FRAME_9+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r8, FRAME_8+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r7, FRAME_7+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r6, FRAME_6+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r5, FRAME_5+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r4, FRAME_4+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r3, FRAME_3+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r2, FRAME_2+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r0, FRAME_0+48(%r1);					\
	ld	%r1, FRAME_1+48(%r1);					\
/* Can't touch %r1 from here on */					\
	mtsprg3	%r3;			/* save r3 */			\
/* Disable translation, machine check and recoverability: */		\
	mfmsr	%r3;							\
	andi.	%r3,%r3,~(PSL_DR|PSL_IR|PSL_ME|PSL_RI)@l;		\
	mtmsr	%r3;							\
	isync;								\
/* Decide whether we return to user mode: */				\
	GET_CPUINFO(%r3);						\
	ld	%r3,(savearea+CPUSAVE_SRR1)(%r3);			\
	mtcr	%r3;							\
	bf	17,1f;			/* branch if PSL_PR is false */	\
/* Restore user SRs */							\
	GET_CPUINFO(%r3);						\
	std	%r27,(savearea+CPUSAVE_R27)(%r3);			\
	std	%r28,(savearea+CPUSAVE_R28)(%r3);			\
	std	%r29,(savearea+CPUSAVE_R29)(%r3);			\
	std	%r30,(savearea+CPUSAVE_R30)(%r3);			\
	std	%r31,(savearea+CPUSAVE_R31)(%r3);			\
	mflr	%r27;			/* preserve LR */		\
	bl	restore_usersrs;	/* uses r28-r31 */		\
	mtlr	%r27;							\
	ld	%r31,(savearea+CPUSAVE_R31)(%r3);			\
	ld	%r30,(savearea+CPUSAVE_R30)(%r3);			\
	ld	%r29,(savearea+CPUSAVE_R29)(%r3);			\
	ld	%r28,(savearea+CPUSAVE_R28)(%r3);			\
	ld	%r27,(savearea+CPUSAVE_R27)(%r3);			\
1:	mfsprg2	%r3;			/* restore cr */		\
	mtcr	%r3;							\
	GET_CPUINFO(%r3);						\
	ld	%r3,(savearea+CPUSAVE_SRR0)(%r3); /* restore srr0 */	\
	mtsrr0	%r3;							\
	GET_CPUINFO(%r3);						\
	ld	%r3,(savearea+CPUSAVE_SRR1)(%r3); /* restore srr1 */	\
	mtsrr1	%r3;							\
	mfsprg3	%r3			/* restore r3 */

#ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
	.data
	.globl	dtrace_invop_calltrap_addr
	.align	8
	.type	dtrace_invop_calltrap_addr, @object
        .size	dtrace_invop_calltrap_addr, 8
dtrace_invop_calltrap_addr:
	.word	0
	.word	0

	.text
#endif

/*
 * Processor reset exception handler. These are typically
 * the first instructions the processor executes after a
 * software reset. We do this in two bits so that we are
 * not still hanging around in the trap handling region
 * once the MMU is turned on.
 */
	.globl	CNAME(rstcode), CNAME(rstcodeend), CNAME(cpu_reset_handler)
	.globl	CNAME(cpu_wakeup_handler)
	.p2align 3
CNAME(rstcode):
	/*
	 * Check if this is software reset or
	 * processor is waking up from power saving mode
	 * It is software reset when 46:47 = 0b00
	 */
	mfsrr1	%r9			/* Load SRR1 into r9 */
	andis.	%r9,%r9,0x3		/* Logic AND with 46:47 bits */
	beq	2f			/* Branch if software reset */
	bl	1f
	.llong	cpu_wakeup_handler

	/* It is software reset */

	/* Explicitly set MSR[SF] */
2:	mfmsr	%r9
	li	%r8,1
	insrdi	%r9,%r8,1,0
	mtmsrd	%r9
	isync

	bl	1f
	.llong	cpu_reset_handler /* Make sure to maintain 8-byte alignment */

1:	mflr	%r9
	ld	%r9,0(%r9)
	mtlr	%r9

	blr
CNAME(rstcodeend):

cpu_reset_handler:
	GET_TOCBASE(%r2)

	ld	%r1,TOC_REF(tmpstk)(%r2)	/* get new SP */
	addi	%r1,%r1,(TMPSTKSZ-48)

	bl	CNAME(cpudep_ap_early_bootstrap) /* Set PCPU */
	nop
	lis	%r3,1@l
	bl	CNAME(pmap_cpu_bootstrap)	/* Turn on virtual memory */
	nop
	bl	CNAME(cpudep_ap_bootstrap)	/* Set up PCPU and stack */
	nop
	mr	%r1,%r3				/* Use new stack */
	bl	CNAME(cpudep_ap_setup)
	nop
	GET_CPUINFO(%r5)
	ld	%r3,(PC_RESTORE)(%r5)
	cmpldi	%cr0,%r3,0
	beq	%cr0,2f
	nop
	li	%r4,1
	bl	CNAME(longjmp)
	nop
2:
#ifdef SMP
	bl	CNAME(machdep_ap_bootstrap)	/* And away! */
	nop
#endif

	/* Should not be reached */
9:
	b	9b

cpu_wakeup_handler:
	GET_TOCBASE(%r2)

	/* Check for false wake up due to badly SRR1 set (eg. by OPAL) */
	ld	%r3,TOC_REF(can_wakeup)(%r2)
	ld	%r3,0(%r3)
	cmpdi	%r3,0
	beq	cpu_reset_handler

	/* Turn on MMU after return from interrupt */
	mfsrr1	%r3
	ori	%r3,%r3,(PSL_IR | PSL_DR)
	mtsrr1	%r3

	/* Turn on MMU (needed to access PCB) */
	mfmsr	%r3
	ori	%r3,%r3,(PSL_IR | PSL_DR)
	mtmsr	%r3
	isync

	mfsprg0	%r3

	ld	%r3,PC_CURTHREAD(%r3)	/* Get current thread */
	ld	%r3,TD_PCB(%r3)		/* Get PCB of current thread */
	ld	%r12,PCB_CONTEXT(%r3)	/* Load the non-volatile GP regs. */
	ld	%r13,PCB_CONTEXT+1*8(%r3)
	ld	%r14,PCB_CONTEXT+2*8(%r3)
	ld	%r15,PCB_CONTEXT+3*8(%r3)
	ld	%r16,PCB_CONTEXT+4*8(%r3)
	ld	%r17,PCB_CONTEXT+5*8(%r3)
	ld	%r18,PCB_CONTEXT+6*8(%r3)
	ld	%r19,PCB_CONTEXT+7*8(%r3)
	ld	%r20,PCB_CONTEXT+8*8(%r3)
	ld	%r21,PCB_CONTEXT+9*8(%r3)
	ld	%r22,PCB_CONTEXT+10*8(%r3)
	ld	%r23,PCB_CONTEXT+11*8(%r3)
	ld	%r24,PCB_CONTEXT+12*8(%r3)
	ld	%r25,PCB_CONTEXT+13*8(%r3)
	ld	%r26,PCB_CONTEXT+14*8(%r3)
	ld	%r27,PCB_CONTEXT+15*8(%r3)
	ld	%r28,PCB_CONTEXT+16*8(%r3)
	ld	%r29,PCB_CONTEXT+17*8(%r3)
	ld	%r30,PCB_CONTEXT+18*8(%r3)
	ld	%r31,PCB_CONTEXT+19*8(%r3)
	ld	%r5,PCB_CR(%r3)		/* Load the condition register */
	mtcr	%r5
	ld	%r5,PCB_LR(%r3)		/* Load the link register */
	mtsrr0	%r5
	ld	%r1,PCB_SP(%r3)		/* Load the stack pointer */
	ld	%r2,PCB_TOC(%r3)	/* Load the TOC pointer */

	rfid

/*
 * This code gets copied to all the trap vectors
 * (except ISI/DSI, ALI, and the interrupts). Has to fit in 8 instructions!
 */

	.globl	CNAME(trapcode),CNAME(trapcodeend)
	.p2align 3
CNAME(trapcode):
	mtsprg1	%r1			/* save SP */
	mflr	%r1			/* Save the old LR in r1 */
	mtsprg2 %r1			/* And then in SPRG2 */
	ld	%r1,TRAP_GENTRAP(0)
	mtlr	%r1
	li	%r1, 0xe0		/* How to get the vector from LR */
	blrl				/* Branch to generictrap */
CNAME(trapcodeend):

/* Same thing for traps setting HSRR0/HSS1 */
	.globl	CNAME(hypertrapcode),CNAME(hypertrapcodeend)
	.p2align 3
CNAME(hypertrapcode):
	mtsprg1	%r1			/* save SP */
	mflr	%r1			/* Save the old LR in r1 */
	mtsprg2 %r1			/* And then in SPRG2 */
	ld	%r1,TRAP_GENTRAP(0)
	addi	%r1,%r1,(generichypertrap-generictrap)
	mtlr	%r1
	li	%r1, 0xe0		/* How to get the vector from LR */
	blrl				/* Branch to generictrap */
CNAME(hypertrapcodeend):

/*
 * For SLB misses: do special things for the kernel
 *
 * Note: SPRG1 is always safe to overwrite any time the MMU is on, which is
 * the only time this can be called.
 */
	.globl	CNAME(slbtrap),CNAME(slbtrapend)
	.p2align 3
CNAME(slbtrap):
	mtsprg1	%r1			/* save SP */
	GET_CPUINFO(%r1)
	std	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+16)(%r1)
	mfcr	%r2			/* save CR */
	std	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+104)(%r1)
	mfsrr1	%r2			/* test kernel mode */
	mtcr	%r2
	bf	17,2f			/* branch if PSL_PR is false */
	/* User mode */
	ld	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+104)(%r1) /* Restore CR */
	mtcr	%r2
	ld	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+16)(%r1) /* Restore R2 */
	mflr	%r1			/* Save the old LR in r1 */
	mtsprg2 %r1			/* And then in SPRG2 */
					/* 52 bytes so far */
	bl	1f
	.llong	generictrap
1:	mflr	%r1
	ld	%r1,0(%r1)
	mtlr	%r1
	li	%r1, 0x80		/* How to get the vector from LR */
	blrl				/* Branch to generictrap */
					/* 84 bytes */
2:	mflr	%r2			/* Save the old LR in r2 */
	nop
	bl	3f			/* Begin dance to jump to kern_slbtrap*/
	.llong	kern_slbtrap
3:	mflr	%r1
	ld	%r1,0(%r1)
	mtlr	%r1
	GET_CPUINFO(%r1)
	blrl				/* 124 bytes -- 4 to spare */
CNAME(slbtrapend):

kern_slbtrap:
	std	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+136)(%r1) /* old LR */
	std	%r3,(PC_SLBSAVE+24)(%r1) /* save R3 */

	/* Check if this needs to be handled as a regular trap (userseg miss) */
	mflr	%r2
	andi.	%r2,%r2,0xff80
	cmpwi	%r2,0x380
	bne	1f
	mfdar	%r2
	b	2f
1:	mfsrr0	%r2
2:	/* r2 now contains the fault address */
	lis	%r3,SEGMENT_MASK@highesta
	ori	%r3,%r3,SEGMENT_MASK@highera
	sldi	%r3,%r3,32
	oris	%r3,%r3,SEGMENT_MASK@ha
	ori	%r3,%r3,SEGMENT_MASK@l
	and	%r2,%r2,%r3	/* R2 = segment base address */
	lis	%r3,USER_ADDR@highesta
	ori	%r3,%r3,USER_ADDR@highera
	sldi	%r3,%r3,32
	oris	%r3,%r3,USER_ADDR@ha
	ori	%r3,%r3,USER_ADDR@l
	cmpd	%r2,%r3		/* Compare fault base to USER_ADDR */
	bne	3f

	/* User seg miss, handle as a regular trap */
	ld	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+104)(%r1) /* Restore CR */
	mtcr	%r2
	ld	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+16)(%r1) /* Restore R2,R3 */
	ld	%r3,(PC_SLBSAVE+24)(%r1)
	ld	%r1,(PC_SLBSAVE+136)(%r1) /* Save the old LR in r1 */
	mtsprg2 %r1			/* And then in SPRG2 */
	li	%r1, 0x80		/* How to get the vector from LR */
	b	generictrap		/* Retain old LR using b */
	
3:	/* Real kernel SLB miss */
	std	%r0,(PC_SLBSAVE+0)(%r1)	/* free all volatile regs */
	mfsprg1	%r2			/* Old R1 */
	std	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+8)(%r1)
	/* R2,R3 already saved */
	std	%r4,(PC_SLBSAVE+32)(%r1)
	std	%r5,(PC_SLBSAVE+40)(%r1)
	std	%r6,(PC_SLBSAVE+48)(%r1)
	std	%r7,(PC_SLBSAVE+56)(%r1)
	std	%r8,(PC_SLBSAVE+64)(%r1)
	std	%r9,(PC_SLBSAVE+72)(%r1)
	std	%r10,(PC_SLBSAVE+80)(%r1)
	std	%r11,(PC_SLBSAVE+88)(%r1)
	std	%r12,(PC_SLBSAVE+96)(%r1)
	/* CR already saved */
	mfxer	%r2			/* save XER */
	std	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+112)(%r1)
	mflr	%r2			/* save LR (SP already saved) */
	std	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+120)(%r1)
	mfctr	%r2			/* save CTR */
	std	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+128)(%r1)

	/* Call handler */
	addi	%r1,%r1,PC_SLBSTACK-48+1024
	li	%r2,~15
	and	%r1,%r1,%r2
	GET_TOCBASE(%r2)
	mflr	%r3
	andi.	%r3,%r3,0xff80
	mfdar	%r4
	mfsrr0	%r5
	bl	handle_kernel_slb_spill
	nop

	/* Save r28-31, restore r4-r12 */
	GET_CPUINFO(%r1)
	ld	%r4,(PC_SLBSAVE+32)(%r1)
	ld	%r5,(PC_SLBSAVE+40)(%r1)
	ld	%r6,(PC_SLBSAVE+48)(%r1)
	ld	%r7,(PC_SLBSAVE+56)(%r1)
	ld	%r8,(PC_SLBSAVE+64)(%r1)
	ld	%r9,(PC_SLBSAVE+72)(%r1)
	ld	%r10,(PC_SLBSAVE+80)(%r1)
	ld	%r11,(PC_SLBSAVE+88)(%r1)
	ld	%r12,(PC_SLBSAVE+96)(%r1)
	std	%r28,(PC_SLBSAVE+64)(%r1)
	std	%r29,(PC_SLBSAVE+72)(%r1)
	std	%r30,(PC_SLBSAVE+80)(%r1)
	std	%r31,(PC_SLBSAVE+88)(%r1)

	/* Restore kernel mapping */
	bl	restore_kernsrs

	/* Restore remaining registers */
	ld	%r28,(PC_SLBSAVE+64)(%r1)
	ld	%r29,(PC_SLBSAVE+72)(%r1)
	ld	%r30,(PC_SLBSAVE+80)(%r1)
	ld	%r31,(PC_SLBSAVE+88)(%r1)

	ld	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+104)(%r1)
	mtcr	%r2
	ld	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+112)(%r1)
	mtxer	%r2
	ld	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+120)(%r1)
	mtlr	%r2
	ld	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+128)(%r1)
	mtctr	%r2
	ld	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+136)(%r1)
	mtlr	%r2

	/* Restore r0-r3 */
	ld	%r0,(PC_SLBSAVE+0)(%r1)
	ld	%r2,(PC_SLBSAVE+16)(%r1)
	ld	%r3,(PC_SLBSAVE+24)(%r1)
	mfsprg1	%r1

	/* Back to whatever we were doing */
	rfid

/*
 * For ALI: has to save DSISR and DAR
 */
	.globl	CNAME(alitrap),CNAME(aliend)
CNAME(alitrap):
	mtsprg1	%r1			/* save SP */
	GET_CPUINFO(%r1)
	std	%r27,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R27)(%r1)	/* free r27-r31 */
	std	%r28,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R28)(%r1)
	std	%r29,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R29)(%r1)
	std	%r30,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R30)(%r1)
	std	%r31,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R31)(%r1)
	mfdar	%r30
	mfdsisr	%r31
	std	%r30,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_AIM_DAR)(%r1)
	std	%r31,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_AIM_DSISR)(%r1)
	mfsprg1	%r1			/* restore SP, in case of branch */
	mflr	%r28			/* save LR */
	mfcr	%r29			/* save CR */

	/* Begin dance to branch to s_trap in a bit */
	b	1f
	.p2align 3
1:	nop
	bl	1f
	.llong	s_trap
1:	mflr	%r31
	ld	%r31,0(%r31)
	mtlr	%r31

	/* Put our exception vector in SPRG3 */
	li	%r31, EXC_ALI
	mtsprg3	%r31

	/* Test whether we already had PR set */
	mfsrr1	%r31
	mtcr	%r31
	blrl
CNAME(aliend):

/*
 * Similar to the above for DSI
 * Has to handle standard pagetable spills
 */
	.globl	CNAME(dsitrap),CNAME(dsiend)
	.p2align 3
CNAME(dsitrap):
	mtsprg1	%r1			/* save SP */
	GET_CPUINFO(%r1)
	std	%r27,(PC_DISISAVE+CPUSAVE_R27)(%r1)	/* free r27-r31 */
	std	%r28,(PC_DISISAVE+CPUSAVE_R28)(%r1)
	std	%r29,(PC_DISISAVE+CPUSAVE_R29)(%r1)
	std	%r30,(PC_DISISAVE+CPUSAVE_R30)(%r1)
	std	%r31,(PC_DISISAVE+CPUSAVE_R31)(%r1)
	mfcr	%r29			/* save CR */
	mfxer	%r30			/* save XER */
	mtsprg2	%r30			/* in SPRG2 */
	mfsrr1	%r31			/* test kernel mode */
	mtcr	%r31
	mflr	%r28			/* save LR (SP already saved) */
	bl	1f			/* Begin branching to disitrap */
	.llong	disitrap
1:	mflr	%r1
	ld	%r1,0(%r1)
	mtlr	%r1
	blrl				/* Branch to generictrap */
CNAME(dsiend):

/*
 * Preamble code for DSI/ISI traps
 */
disitrap:
	/* Write the trap vector to SPRG3 by computing LR & 0xff00 */
	mflr	%r1
	andi.	%r1,%r1,0xff00
	mtsprg3	%r1
	
	GET_CPUINFO(%r1)
	ld	%r31,(PC_DISISAVE+CPUSAVE_R27)(%r1)
	std	%r31,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R27)(%r1)
	ld	%r30,(PC_DISISAVE+CPUSAVE_R28)(%r1)
	std	%r30,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R28)(%r1)
	ld	%r31,(PC_DISISAVE+CPUSAVE_R29)(%r1)
	std	%r31,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R29)(%r1)
	ld	%r30,(PC_DISISAVE+CPUSAVE_R30)(%r1)
	std	%r30,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R30)(%r1)
	ld	%r31,(PC_DISISAVE+CPUSAVE_R31)(%r1)
	std	%r31,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R31)(%r1)
	mfdar	%r30
	mfdsisr	%r31
	std	%r30,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_AIM_DAR)(%r1)
	std	%r31,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_AIM_DSISR)(%r1)

#ifdef KDB
	/* Try to detect a kernel stack overflow */
	mfsrr1	%r31
	mtcr	%r31
	bt	17,realtrap		/* branch is user mode */
	mfsprg1	%r31			/* get old SP */
	clrrdi	%r31,%r31,12		/* Round SP down to nearest page */
	sub.	%r30,%r31,%r30		/* SP - DAR */
	bge	1f
	neg	%r30,%r30		/* modulo value */
1:	cmpldi	%cr0,%r30,4096		/* is DAR within a page of SP? */
	bge	%cr0,realtrap		/* no, too far away. */

	/* Now convert this DSI into a DDB trap.  */
	GET_CPUINFO(%r1)
	ld	%r30,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_AIM_DAR)(%r1) /* get DAR */
	std	%r30,(PC_DBSAVE  +CPUSAVE_AIM_DAR)(%r1) /* save DAR */
	ld	%r30,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_AIM_DSISR)(%r1) /* get DSISR */
	std	%r30,(PC_DBSAVE  +CPUSAVE_AIM_DSISR)(%r1) /* save DSISR */
	ld	%r31,(PC_DISISAVE+CPUSAVE_R27)(%r1) /* get  r27 */
	std	%r31,(PC_DBSAVE  +CPUSAVE_R27)(%r1) /* save r27 */
	ld	%r30,(PC_DISISAVE+CPUSAVE_R28)(%r1) /* get  r28 */
	std	%r30,(PC_DBSAVE  +CPUSAVE_R28)(%r1) /* save r28 */
	ld	%r31,(PC_DISISAVE+CPUSAVE_R29)(%r1) /* get  r29 */
	std	%r31,(PC_DBSAVE  +CPUSAVE_R29)(%r1) /* save r29 */
	ld	%r30,(PC_DISISAVE+CPUSAVE_R30)(%r1) /* get  r30 */
	std	%r30,(PC_DBSAVE  +CPUSAVE_R30)(%r1) /* save r30 */
	ld	%r31,(PC_DISISAVE+CPUSAVE_R31)(%r1) /* get  r31 */
	std	%r31,(PC_DBSAVE  +CPUSAVE_R31)(%r1) /* save r31 */
	b	dbtrap
#endif

	/* XXX need stack probe here */
realtrap:
/* Test whether we already had PR set */
	mfsrr1	%r1
	mtcr	%r1
	mfsprg1	%r1			/* restore SP (might have been
					   overwritten) */
	bf	17,k_trap		/* branch if PSL_PR is false */
	GET_CPUINFO(%r1)
	ld	%r1,PC_CURPCB(%r1)
	mr	%r27,%r28		/* Save LR, r29 */
	mtsprg2	%r29
	bl	restore_kernsrs		/* enable kernel mapping */
	mfsprg2	%r29
	mr	%r28,%r27
	b	s_trap

/*
 * generictrap does some standard setup for trap handling to minimize
 * the code that need be installed in the actual vectors. It expects
 * the following conditions.
 * 
 * R1 - Trap vector = LR & (0xff00 | R1)
 * SPRG1 - Original R1 contents
 * SPRG2 - Original LR
 */

generichypertrap:
	mtsprg3 %r1
	mfspr	%r1, SPR_HSRR0
	mtsrr0	%r1
	mfspr	%r1, SPR_HSRR1
	mtsrr1	%r1
	mfsprg3	%r1
	.globl	CNAME(generictrap)
generictrap:
	/* Save R1 for computing the exception vector */
	mtsprg3 %r1

	/* Save interesting registers */
	GET_CPUINFO(%r1)
	std	%r27,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R27)(%r1)	/* free r27-r31 */
	std	%r28,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R28)(%r1)
	std	%r29,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R29)(%r1)
	std	%r30,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R30)(%r1)
	std	%r31,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R31)(%r1)
	mfdar	%r30
	std	%r30,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_AIM_DAR)(%r1)
	mfsprg1	%r1			/* restore SP, in case of branch */
	mfsprg2	%r28			/* save LR */
	mfcr	%r29			/* save CR */

	/* Compute the exception vector from the link register */
	mfsprg3 %r31
	ori	%r31,%r31,0xff00
	mflr	%r30
	addi	%r30,%r30,-4 /* The branch instruction, not the next */
	and	%r30,%r30,%r31
	mtsprg3	%r30

	/* Test whether we already had PR set */
	mfsrr1	%r31
	mtcr	%r31

s_trap:
	bf	17,k_trap		/* branch if PSL_PR is false */
	GET_CPUINFO(%r1)
u_trap:
	ld	%r1,PC_CURPCB(%r1)
	mr	%r27,%r28		/* Save LR, r29 */
	mtsprg2	%r29
	bl	restore_kernsrs		/* enable kernel mapping */
	mfsprg2	%r29
	mr	%r28,%r27

/*
 * Now the common trap catching code.
 */
k_trap:
	FRAME_SETUP(PC_TEMPSAVE)
/* Call C interrupt dispatcher: */
trapagain:
	GET_TOCBASE(%r2)
	addi	%r3,%r1,48
	bl	CNAME(powerpc_interrupt)
	nop

	.globl	CNAME(trapexit)	/* backtrace code sentinel */
CNAME(trapexit):
/* Disable interrupts: */
	mfmsr	%r3
	andi.	%r3,%r3,~PSL_EE@l
	mtmsr	%r3
	isync
/* Test AST pending: */
	ld	%r5,FRAME_SRR1+48(%r1)
	mtcr	%r5
	bf	17,1f			/* branch if PSL_PR is false */

	GET_CPUINFO(%r3)		/* get per-CPU pointer */
	lwz	%r4, TD_FLAGS(%r13)	/* get thread flags value */
	lis	%r5, (TDF_ASTPENDING|TDF_NEEDRESCHED)@h
	ori	%r5,%r5, (TDF_ASTPENDING|TDF_NEEDRESCHED)@l
	and.	%r4,%r4,%r5
	beq	1f
	mfmsr	%r3			/* re-enable interrupts */
	ori	%r3,%r3,PSL_EE@l
	mtmsr	%r3
	isync
	GET_TOCBASE(%r2)
	addi	%r3,%r1,48
	bl	CNAME(ast)
	nop
	.globl	CNAME(asttrapexit)	/* backtrace code sentinel #2 */
CNAME(asttrapexit):
	b	trapexit		/* test ast ret value ? */
1:
	FRAME_LEAVE(PC_TEMPSAVE)
	rfid

#if defined(KDB)
/*
 * Deliberate entry to dbtrap
 */
ASENTRY_NOPROF(breakpoint)
	mtsprg1	%r1
	mfmsr	%r3
	mtsrr1	%r3
	andi.	%r3,%r3,~(PSL_EE|PSL_ME)@l
	mtmsr	%r3			/* disable interrupts */
	isync
	GET_CPUINFO(%r3)
	std	%r27,(PC_DBSAVE+CPUSAVE_R27)(%r3)
	std	%r28,(PC_DBSAVE+CPUSAVE_R28)(%r3)
	std	%r29,(PC_DBSAVE+CPUSAVE_R29)(%r3)
	std	%r30,(PC_DBSAVE+CPUSAVE_R30)(%r3)
	std	%r31,(PC_DBSAVE+CPUSAVE_R31)(%r3)
	mflr	%r28
	li	%r29,EXC_BPT
	mtlr	%r29
	mfcr	%r29
	mtsrr0	%r28

/*
 * Now the kdb trap catching code.
 */
dbtrap:
	/* Write the trap vector to SPRG3 by computing LR & 0xff00 */
	mflr	%r1
	andi.	%r1,%r1,0xff00
	mtsprg3	%r1

	GET_TOCBASE(%r1)			/* get new SP */
	ld	%r1,TOC_REF(tmpstk)(%r1)
	addi	%r1,%r1,(TMPSTKSZ-48)

	FRAME_SETUP(PC_DBSAVE)
/* Call C trap code: */
	GET_TOCBASE(%r2)
	addi	%r3,%r1,48
	bl	CNAME(db_trap_glue)
	nop
	or.	%r3,%r3,%r3
	bne	dbleave
/* This wasn't for KDB, so switch to real trap: */
	ld	%r3,FRAME_EXC+48(%r1)	/* save exception */
	GET_CPUINFO(%r4)
	std	%r3,(PC_DBSAVE+CPUSAVE_R31)(%r4)
	FRAME_LEAVE(PC_DBSAVE)
	mtsprg1	%r1			/* prepare for entrance to realtrap */
	GET_CPUINFO(%r1)
	std	%r27,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R27)(%r1)
	std	%r28,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R28)(%r1)
	std	%r29,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R29)(%r1)
	std	%r30,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R30)(%r1)
	std	%r31,(PC_TEMPSAVE+CPUSAVE_R31)(%r1)
	mflr	%r28
	mfcr	%r29
	ld	%r31,(PC_DBSAVE+CPUSAVE_R31)(%r1)
	mtsprg3	%r31			/* SPRG3 was clobbered by FRAME_LEAVE */
	mfsprg1	%r1
	b	realtrap
dbleave:
	FRAME_LEAVE(PC_DBSAVE)
	rfid

/*
 * In case of KDB we want a separate trap catcher for it
 */
	.globl	CNAME(dblow),CNAME(dbend)
	.p2align 3
CNAME(dblow):
	mtsprg1	%r1			/* save SP */
	mtsprg2	%r29			/* save r29 */
	mfcr	%r29			/* save CR in r29 */
	mfsrr1	%r1
	mtcr	%r1
	bf	17,1f			/* branch if privileged */

	/* Unprivileged case */
	mtcr	%r29			/* put the condition register back */
        mfsprg2	%r29			/* ... and r29 */
        mflr	%r1			/* save LR */
	mtsprg2 %r1			/* And then in SPRG2 */

	ld	%r1, TRAP_GENTRAP(0)	/* Get branch address */
	mtlr	%r1
	li	%r1, 0	 		/* How to get the vector from LR */
	blrl				/* Branch to generictrap */

1:
	GET_CPUINFO(%r1)
	std	%r27,(PC_DBSAVE+CPUSAVE_R27)(%r1)	/* free r27 */
	std	%r28,(PC_DBSAVE+CPUSAVE_R28)(%r1)	/* free r28 */
        mfsprg2	%r28				/* r29 holds cr...  */
        std	%r28,(PC_DBSAVE+CPUSAVE_R29)(%r1)	/* free r29 */
        std	%r30,(PC_DBSAVE+CPUSAVE_R30)(%r1)	/* free r30 */
        std	%r31,(PC_DBSAVE+CPUSAVE_R31)(%r1)	/* free r31 */
        mflr	%r28					/* save LR */
	nop						/* alignment */
	bl	9f					/* Begin branch */
	.llong	dbtrap
9:	mflr	%r1
	ld	%r1,0(%r1)
	mtlr	%r1
	blrl				/* Branch to generictrap */
CNAME(dbend):
#endif /* KDB */