Training courses

Kernel and Embedded Linux

Bootlin training courses

Embedded Linux, kernel,
Yocto Project, Buildroot, real-time,
graphics, boot time, debugging...

Bootlin logo

Elixir Cross Referencer

  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 24
 25
 26
 27
 28
 29
 30
 31
 32
 33
 34
 35
 36
 37
 38
 39
 40
 41
 42
 43
 44
 45
 46
 47
 48
 49
 50
 51
 52
 53
 54
 55
 56
 57
 58
 59
 60
 61
 62
 63
 64
 65
 66
 67
 68
 69
 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
/*-
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2004 Doug Rabson
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *	$FreeBSD$
 */

/*
 * Define stubs for TLS internals so that programs and libraries can
 * link. These functions will be replaced by functional versions at
 * runtime from ld-elf.so.1.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <elf.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "libc_private.h"

#define	tls_assert(cond)	((cond) ? (void) 0 :			\
    (tls_msg(#cond ": assert failed: " __FILE__ ":"			\
      __XSTRING(__LINE__) "\n"), abort()))
#define	tls_msg(s)		write(STDOUT_FILENO, s, strlen(s))

/* Provided by jemalloc to avoid bootstrapping issues. */
void	*__je_bootstrap_malloc(size_t size);
void	*__je_bootstrap_calloc(size_t num, size_t size);
void	__je_bootstrap_free(void *ptr);

__weak_reference(__libc_allocate_tls, _rtld_allocate_tls);
__weak_reference(__libc_free_tls, _rtld_free_tls);

#ifdef __i386__

__weak_reference(___libc_tls_get_addr, ___tls_get_addr);
__attribute__((__regparm__(1))) void * ___libc_tls_get_addr(void *);

#endif

void * __libc_tls_get_addr(void *);
__weak_reference(__libc_tls_get_addr, __tls_get_addr);

void *_rtld_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
void _rtld_free_tls(void *tls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
void *__libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);
void __libc_free_tls(void *tls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign);

#if defined(__amd64__)
#define TLS_TCB_ALIGN 16
#elif defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__i386__) || \
    defined(__mips__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__riscv) || \
    defined(__sparc64__)
#define TLS_TCB_ALIGN sizeof(void *)
#else
#error TLS_TCB_ALIGN undefined for target architecture
#endif

#if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__mips__) || \
    defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__riscv)
#define TLS_VARIANT_I
#endif
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(__sparc64__)
#define TLS_VARIANT_II
#endif

#if defined(__mips__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__riscv)
#define DTV_OFFSET 0x8000
#else
#define DTV_OFFSET 0
#endif

#ifndef PIC

static size_t tls_static_space;
static size_t tls_init_size;
static size_t tls_init_align;
static void *tls_init;
#endif

#ifdef __i386__

/* GNU ABI */

__attribute__((__regparm__(1)))
void *
___libc_tls_get_addr(void *ti __unused)
{
	return (0);
}

#endif

void *
__libc_tls_get_addr(void *ti __unused)
{
	return (0);
}

#ifndef PIC

static void *
malloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t align)
{
	void *mem, *res;

	if (align < sizeof(void *))
		align = sizeof(void *);

	mem = __je_bootstrap_malloc(size + sizeof(void *) + align - 1);
	res = (void *)roundup2((uintptr_t)mem + sizeof(void *), align);
	*(void **)((uintptr_t)res - sizeof(void *)) = mem;
	return (res);
}

static void
free_aligned(void *ptr)
{
	void *mem;
	uintptr_t x;

	if (ptr == NULL)
		return;

	x = (uintptr_t)ptr;
	x -= sizeof(void *);
	mem = *(void **)x;
	__je_bootstrap_free(mem);
}

#ifdef TLS_VARIANT_I

/*
 * There are two versions of variant I of TLS
 *
 * - ARM and aarch64 uses original variant I as is described in [1] and [2],
 *   where TP points to start of TCB followed by aligned TLS segment.
 *   Both TCB and TLS must be aligned to alignment of TLS section. The TCB[0]
 *   points to DTV vector and DTV values are real addresses (without bias).
 *   Note: for Local Exec TLS Model, the offsets from TP (TCB in this case) to
 *   TLS variables are computed by linker, so we cannot overalign TLS section.
 *
 * - MIPS, PowerPC and RISC-V use modified version of variant I,
 *   described in [3] where TP points (with bias) to TLS and TCB immediately
 *   precedes TLS without any alignment gap[4]. Only TLS should be aligned.
 *   The TCB[0] points to DTV vector and DTV values are biased by constant
 *   value (0x8000) from real addresses[5].
 *
 * [1] Ulrich Drepper: ELF Handling for Thread-Local Storage
 *     www.akkadia.org/drepper/tls.pdf
 *
 * [2] ARM IHI 0045E: Addenda to, and Errata in, the ABI for the ARM(r)
 *     Architecture
 *   infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ihi0045e/IHI0045E_ABI_addenda.pdf
 *
 * [3] OpenPOWER: Power Architecture 64-Bit ELF V2 ABI Specification
 *     https://members.openpowerfoundation.org/document/dl/576
 *
 * [4] Its unclear if "without any alignment gap" is hard ABI requirement,
 *     but we must follow this rule due to suboptimal _set_tp()
 *     (aka <ARCH>_SET_TP) implementation. This function doesn't expect TP but
 *     TCB as argument.
 *
 * [5] I'm not able to validate "values are biased" assertions.
 */

#define	TLS_TCB_SIZE	(2 * sizeof(void *))

/*
 * Return pointer to allocated TLS block
 */
static void *
get_tls_block_ptr(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize)
{
	size_t extra_size, post_size, pre_size, tls_block_size;

	/* Compute fragments sizes. */
	extra_size = tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
#if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
	post_size =  roundup2(TLS_TCB_SIZE, tls_init_align) - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
#else
	post_size = 0;
#endif
	tls_block_size = tcbsize + post_size;
	pre_size = roundup2(tls_block_size, tls_init_align) - tls_block_size;

	return ((char *)tcb - pre_size - extra_size);
}

/*
 * Free Static TLS using the Variant I method. The tcbsize
 * and tcbalign parameters must be the same as those used to allocate
 * the block.
 */
void
__libc_free_tls(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign __unused)
{
	Elf_Addr *dtv;
	Elf_Addr **tls;

	tls = (Elf_Addr **)tcb;
	dtv = tls[0];
	__je_bootstrap_free(dtv);
	free_aligned(get_tls_block_ptr(tcb, tcbsize));
}

/*
 * Allocate Static TLS using the Variant I method.
 *
 * To handle all above requirements, we setup the following layout for 
 * TLS block:
 * (whole memory block is aligned with MAX(TLS_TCB_ALIGN, tls_init_align))
 *
 * +----------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------+
 * | pre gap  | extended TCB |     TCB      | post gap  |    TLS segment   |
 * | pre_size |  extra_size  | TLS_TCB_SIZE | post_size | tls_static_space |
 * +----------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------------+
 *
 * where:
 *  extra_size is tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE
 *  post_size is used to adjust TCB to TLS aligment for first version of TLS
 *            layout and is always 0 for second version.
 *  pre_size  is used to adjust TCB aligment for first version and to adjust
 *            TLS alignment for second version.
 *
 */
void *
__libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtcb, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign)
{
	Elf_Addr *dtv, **tcb;
	char *tls_block, *tls;
	size_t extra_size, maxalign, post_size, pre_size, tls_block_size;

	if (oldtcb != NULL && tcbsize == TLS_TCB_SIZE)
		return (oldtcb);

	tls_assert(tcbalign >= TLS_TCB_ALIGN);
	maxalign = MAX(tcbalign, tls_init_align);

	/* Compute fragmets sizes. */
	extra_size = tcbsize - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
#if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
	post_size = roundup2(TLS_TCB_SIZE, tls_init_align) - TLS_TCB_SIZE;
#else
	post_size = 0;
#endif
	tls_block_size = tcbsize + post_size;
	pre_size = roundup2(tls_block_size, tls_init_align) - tls_block_size;
	tls_block_size += pre_size + tls_static_space;

	/* Allocate whole TLS block */
	tls_block = malloc_aligned(tls_block_size, maxalign);
	if (tls_block == NULL) {
		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
		abort();
	}
	memset(tls_block, 0, tls_block_size);
	tcb = (Elf_Addr **)(tls_block + pre_size + extra_size);
	tls = (char *)tcb + TLS_TCB_SIZE + post_size;

	if (oldtcb != NULL) {
		memcpy(tls_block, get_tls_block_ptr(oldtcb, tcbsize),
		    tls_block_size);
		free_aligned(oldtcb);

		/* Adjust the DTV. */
		dtv = tcb[0];
		dtv[2] = (Elf_Addr)(tls + DTV_OFFSET);
	} else {
		dtv = __je_bootstrap_malloc(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr));
		if (dtv == NULL) {
			tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
			abort();
		}
		/* Build the DTV. */
		tcb[0] = dtv;
		dtv[0] = 1;		/* Generation. */
		dtv[1] = 1;		/* Segments count. */
		dtv[2] = (Elf_Addr)(tls + DTV_OFFSET);

		if (tls_init_size > 0)
			memcpy(tls, tls_init, tls_init_size);
	}

	return (tcb);
}

#endif

#ifdef TLS_VARIANT_II

#define	TLS_TCB_SIZE	(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr))

/*
 * Free Static TLS using the Variant II method.
 */
void
__libc_free_tls(void *tcb, size_t tcbsize __unused, size_t tcbalign)
{
	size_t size;
	Elf_Addr* dtv;
	Elf_Addr tlsstart, tlsend;

	/*
	 * Figure out the size of the initial TLS block so that we can
	 * find stuff which ___tls_get_addr() allocated dynamically.
	 */
	tcbalign = MAX(tcbalign, tls_init_align);
	size = roundup2(tls_static_space, tcbalign);

	dtv = ((Elf_Addr**)tcb)[1];
	tlsend = (Elf_Addr) tcb;
	tlsstart = tlsend - size;
	free_aligned((void*)tlsstart);
	__je_bootstrap_free(dtv);
}

/*
 * Allocate Static TLS using the Variant II method.
 */
void *
__libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls, size_t tcbsize, size_t tcbalign)
{
	size_t size;
	char *tls;
	Elf_Addr *dtv;
	Elf_Addr segbase, oldsegbase;

	tcbalign = MAX(tcbalign, tls_init_align);
	size = roundup2(tls_static_space, tcbalign);

	if (tcbsize < 2 * sizeof(Elf_Addr))
		tcbsize = 2 * sizeof(Elf_Addr);
	tls = malloc_aligned(size + tcbsize, tcbalign);
	if (tls == NULL) {
		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
		abort();
	}
	memset(tls, 0, size + tcbsize);
	dtv = __je_bootstrap_malloc(3 * sizeof(Elf_Addr));
	if (dtv == NULL) {
		tls_msg("__libc_allocate_tls: Out of memory.\n");
		abort();
	}

	segbase = (Elf_Addr)(tls + size);
	((Elf_Addr*)segbase)[0] = segbase;
	((Elf_Addr*)segbase)[1] = (Elf_Addr) dtv;

	dtv[0] = 1;
	dtv[1] = 1;
	dtv[2] = segbase - tls_static_space;

	if (oldtls) {
		/*
		 * Copy the static TLS block over whole.
		 */
		oldsegbase = (Elf_Addr) oldtls;
		memcpy((void *)(segbase - tls_static_space),
		    (const void *)(oldsegbase - tls_static_space),
		    tls_static_space);

		/*
		 * We assume that this block was the one we created with
		 * allocate_initial_tls().
		 */
		_rtld_free_tls(oldtls, 2*sizeof(Elf_Addr), sizeof(Elf_Addr));
	} else {
		memcpy((void *)(segbase - tls_static_space),
		    tls_init, tls_init_size);
		memset((void *)(segbase - tls_static_space + tls_init_size),
		    0, tls_static_space - tls_init_size);
	}

	return (void*) segbase;
}

#endif /* TLS_VARIANT_II */

#else

void *
__libc_allocate_tls(void *oldtls __unused, size_t tcbsize __unused,
	size_t tcbalign __unused)
{
	return (0);
}

void
__libc_free_tls(void *tcb __unused, size_t tcbsize __unused,
	size_t tcbalign __unused)
{
}

#endif /* PIC */

extern char **environ;

void
_init_tls(void)
{
#ifndef PIC
	Elf_Addr *sp;
	Elf_Auxinfo *aux, *auxp;
	Elf_Phdr *phdr;
	size_t phent, phnum;
	int i;
	void *tls;

	sp = (Elf_Addr *) environ;
	while (*sp++ != 0)
		;
	aux = (Elf_Auxinfo *) sp;
	phdr = NULL;
	phent = phnum = 0;
	for (auxp = aux; auxp->a_type != AT_NULL; auxp++) {
		switch (auxp->a_type) {
		case AT_PHDR:
			phdr = auxp->a_un.a_ptr;
			break;

		case AT_PHENT:
			phent = auxp->a_un.a_val;
			break;

		case AT_PHNUM:
			phnum = auxp->a_un.a_val;
			break;
		}
	}
	if (phdr == NULL || phent != sizeof(Elf_Phdr) || phnum == 0)
		return;

	for (i = 0; (unsigned) i < phnum; i++) {
		if (phdr[i].p_type == PT_TLS) {
			tls_static_space = roundup2(phdr[i].p_memsz,
			    phdr[i].p_align);
			tls_init_size = phdr[i].p_filesz;
			tls_init_align = phdr[i].p_align;
			tls_init = (void*) phdr[i].p_vaddr;
			break;
		}
	}
	tls = _rtld_allocate_tls(NULL, TLS_TCB_SIZE, TLS_TCB_ALIGN);

	_set_tp(tls);
#endif
}