Training courses

Kernel and Embedded Linux

Bootlin training courses

Embedded Linux, kernel,
Yocto Project, Buildroot, real-time,
graphics, boot time, debugging...

Bootlin logo

Elixir Cross Referencer

   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
/* Subroutines for manipulating rtx's in semantically interesting ways.
   Copyright (C) 1987, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
   1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
   Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This file is part of GCC.

GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
version.

GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GCC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
02110-1301, USA.  */


#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "coretypes.h"
#include "tm.h"
#include "toplev.h"
#include "rtl.h"
#include "tree.h"
#include "tm_p.h"
#include "flags.h"
#include "function.h"
#include "expr.h"
#include "optabs.h"
#include "hard-reg-set.h"
#include "insn-config.h"
#include "ggc.h"
#include "recog.h"
#include "langhooks.h"
#include "target.h"
#include "output.h"

static rtx break_out_memory_refs (rtx);
static void emit_stack_probe (rtx);


/* Truncate and perhaps sign-extend C as appropriate for MODE.  */

HOST_WIDE_INT
trunc_int_for_mode (HOST_WIDE_INT c, enum machine_mode mode)
{
  int width = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);

  /* You want to truncate to a _what_?  */
  gcc_assert (SCALAR_INT_MODE_P (mode));

  /* Canonicalize BImode to 0 and STORE_FLAG_VALUE.  */
  if (mode == BImode)
    return c & 1 ? STORE_FLAG_VALUE : 0;

  /* Sign-extend for the requested mode.  */

  if (width < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
    {
      HOST_WIDE_INT sign = 1;
      sign <<= width - 1;
      c &= (sign << 1) - 1;
      c ^= sign;
      c -= sign;
    }

  return c;
}

/* Return an rtx for the sum of X and the integer C.  */

rtx
plus_constant (rtx x, HOST_WIDE_INT c)
{
  RTX_CODE code;
  rtx y;
  enum machine_mode mode;
  rtx tem;
  int all_constant = 0;

  if (c == 0)
    return x;

 restart:

  code = GET_CODE (x);
  mode = GET_MODE (x);
  y = x;

  switch (code)
    {
    case CONST_INT:
      return GEN_INT (INTVAL (x) + c);

    case CONST_DOUBLE:
      {
	unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT l1 = CONST_DOUBLE_LOW (x);
	HOST_WIDE_INT h1 = CONST_DOUBLE_HIGH (x);
	unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT l2 = c;
	HOST_WIDE_INT h2 = c < 0 ? ~0 : 0;
	unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT lv;
	HOST_WIDE_INT hv;

	add_double (l1, h1, l2, h2, &lv, &hv);

	return immed_double_const (lv, hv, VOIDmode);
      }

    case MEM:
      /* If this is a reference to the constant pool, try replacing it with
	 a reference to a new constant.  If the resulting address isn't
	 valid, don't return it because we have no way to validize it.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == SYMBOL_REF
	  && CONSTANT_POOL_ADDRESS_P (XEXP (x, 0)))
	{
	  tem
	    = force_const_mem (GET_MODE (x),
			       plus_constant (get_pool_constant (XEXP (x, 0)),
					      c));
	  if (memory_address_p (GET_MODE (tem), XEXP (tem, 0)))
	    return tem;
	}
      break;

    case CONST:
      /* If adding to something entirely constant, set a flag
	 so that we can add a CONST around the result.  */
      x = XEXP (x, 0);
      all_constant = 1;
      goto restart;

    case SYMBOL_REF:
    case LABEL_REF:
      all_constant = 1;
      break;

    case PLUS:
      /* The interesting case is adding the integer to a sum.
	 Look for constant term in the sum and combine
	 with C.  For an integer constant term, we make a combined
	 integer.  For a constant term that is not an explicit integer,
	 we cannot really combine, but group them together anyway.

	 Restart or use a recursive call in case the remaining operand is
	 something that we handle specially, such as a SYMBOL_REF.

	 We may not immediately return from the recursive call here, lest
	 all_constant gets lost.  */

      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT)
	{
	  c += INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1));

	  if (GET_MODE (x) != VOIDmode)
	    c = trunc_int_for_mode (c, GET_MODE (x));

	  x = XEXP (x, 0);
	  goto restart;
	}
      else if (CONSTANT_P (XEXP (x, 1)))
	{
	  x = gen_rtx_PLUS (mode, XEXP (x, 0), plus_constant (XEXP (x, 1), c));
	  c = 0;
	}
      else if (find_constant_term_loc (&y))
	{
	  /* We need to be careful since X may be shared and we can't
	     modify it in place.  */
	  rtx copy = copy_rtx (x);
	  rtx *const_loc = find_constant_term_loc (&copy);

	  *const_loc = plus_constant (*const_loc, c);
	  x = copy;
	  c = 0;
	}
      break;

    default:
      break;
    }

  if (c != 0)
    x = gen_rtx_PLUS (mode, x, GEN_INT (c));

  if (GET_CODE (x) == SYMBOL_REF || GET_CODE (x) == LABEL_REF)
    return x;
  else if (all_constant)
    return gen_rtx_CONST (mode, x);
  else
    return x;
}

/* If X is a sum, return a new sum like X but lacking any constant terms.
   Add all the removed constant terms into *CONSTPTR.
   X itself is not altered.  The result != X if and only if
   it is not isomorphic to X.  */

rtx
eliminate_constant_term (rtx x, rtx *constptr)
{
  rtx x0, x1;
  rtx tem;

  if (GET_CODE (x) != PLUS)
    return x;

  /* First handle constants appearing at this level explicitly.  */
  if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
      && 0 != (tem = simplify_binary_operation (PLUS, GET_MODE (x), *constptr,
						XEXP (x, 1)))
      && GET_CODE (tem) == CONST_INT)
    {
      *constptr = tem;
      return eliminate_constant_term (XEXP (x, 0), constptr);
    }

  tem = const0_rtx;
  x0 = eliminate_constant_term (XEXP (x, 0), &tem);
  x1 = eliminate_constant_term (XEXP (x, 1), &tem);
  if ((x1 != XEXP (x, 1) || x0 != XEXP (x, 0))
      && 0 != (tem = simplify_binary_operation (PLUS, GET_MODE (x),
						*constptr, tem))
      && GET_CODE (tem) == CONST_INT)
    {
      *constptr = tem;
      return gen_rtx_PLUS (GET_MODE (x), x0, x1);
    }

  return x;
}

/* Return an rtx for the size in bytes of the value of EXP.  */

rtx
expr_size (tree exp)
{
  tree size;

  if (TREE_CODE (exp) == WITH_SIZE_EXPR)
    size = TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1);
  else
    size = SUBSTITUTE_PLACEHOLDER_IN_EXPR (lang_hooks.expr_size (exp), exp);

  return expand_expr (size, NULL_RTX, TYPE_MODE (sizetype), 0);
}

/* Return a wide integer for the size in bytes of the value of EXP, or -1
   if the size can vary or is larger than an integer.  */

HOST_WIDE_INT
int_expr_size (tree exp)
{
  tree size;

  if (TREE_CODE (exp) == WITH_SIZE_EXPR)
    size = TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1);
  else
    size = lang_hooks.expr_size (exp);

  if (size == 0 || !host_integerp (size, 0))
    return -1;

  return tree_low_cst (size, 0);
}

/* Return a copy of X in which all memory references
   and all constants that involve symbol refs
   have been replaced with new temporary registers.
   Also emit code to load the memory locations and constants
   into those registers.

   If X contains no such constants or memory references,
   X itself (not a copy) is returned.

   If a constant is found in the address that is not a legitimate constant
   in an insn, it is left alone in the hope that it might be valid in the
   address.

   X may contain no arithmetic except addition, subtraction and multiplication.
   Values returned by expand_expr with 1 for sum_ok fit this constraint.  */

static rtx
break_out_memory_refs (rtx x)
{
  if (MEM_P (x)
      || (CONSTANT_P (x) && CONSTANT_ADDRESS_P (x)
	  && GET_MODE (x) != VOIDmode))
    x = force_reg (GET_MODE (x), x);
  else if (GET_CODE (x) == PLUS || GET_CODE (x) == MINUS
	   || GET_CODE (x) == MULT)
    {
      rtx op0 = break_out_memory_refs (XEXP (x, 0));
      rtx op1 = break_out_memory_refs (XEXP (x, 1));

      if (op0 != XEXP (x, 0) || op1 != XEXP (x, 1))
	x = gen_rtx_fmt_ee (GET_CODE (x), Pmode, op0, op1);
    }

  return x;
}

/* Given X, a memory address in ptr_mode, convert it to an address
   in Pmode, or vice versa (TO_MODE says which way).  We take advantage of
   the fact that pointers are not allowed to overflow by commuting arithmetic
   operations over conversions so that address arithmetic insns can be
   used.  */

rtx
convert_memory_address (enum machine_mode to_mode ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, 
			rtx x)
{
#ifndef POINTERS_EXTEND_UNSIGNED
  gcc_assert (GET_MODE (x) == to_mode || GET_MODE (x) == VOIDmode);
  return x;
#else /* defined(POINTERS_EXTEND_UNSIGNED) */
  enum machine_mode from_mode;
  rtx temp;
  enum rtx_code code;

  /* If X already has the right mode, just return it.  */
  if (GET_MODE (x) == to_mode)
    return x;

  from_mode = to_mode == ptr_mode ? Pmode : ptr_mode;

  /* Here we handle some special cases.  If none of them apply, fall through
     to the default case.  */
  switch (GET_CODE (x))
    {
    case CONST_INT:
    case CONST_DOUBLE:
      if (GET_MODE_SIZE (to_mode) < GET_MODE_SIZE (from_mode))
	code = TRUNCATE;
      else if (POINTERS_EXTEND_UNSIGNED < 0)
	break;
      else if (POINTERS_EXTEND_UNSIGNED > 0)
	code = ZERO_EXTEND;
      else
	code = SIGN_EXTEND;
      temp = simplify_unary_operation (code, to_mode, x, from_mode);
      if (temp)
	return temp;
      break;

    case SUBREG:
      if ((SUBREG_PROMOTED_VAR_P (x) || REG_POINTER (SUBREG_REG (x)))
	  && GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x)) == to_mode)
	return SUBREG_REG (x);
      break;

    case LABEL_REF:
      temp = gen_rtx_LABEL_REF (to_mode, XEXP (x, 0));
      LABEL_REF_NONLOCAL_P (temp) = LABEL_REF_NONLOCAL_P (x);
      return temp;
      break;

    case SYMBOL_REF:
      temp = shallow_copy_rtx (x);
      PUT_MODE (temp, to_mode);
      return temp;
      break;

    case CONST:
      return gen_rtx_CONST (to_mode,
			    convert_memory_address (to_mode, XEXP (x, 0)));
      break;

    case PLUS:
    case MULT:
      /* For addition we can safely permute the conversion and addition
	 operation if one operand is a constant and converting the constant
	 does not change it.  We can always safely permute them if we are
	 making the address narrower.  */
      if (GET_MODE_SIZE (to_mode) < GET_MODE_SIZE (from_mode)
	  || (GET_CODE (x) == PLUS
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && XEXP (x, 1) == convert_memory_address (to_mode, XEXP (x, 1))))
	return gen_rtx_fmt_ee (GET_CODE (x), to_mode,
			       convert_memory_address (to_mode, XEXP (x, 0)),
			       XEXP (x, 1));
      break;

    default:
      break;
    }

  return convert_modes (to_mode, from_mode,
			x, POINTERS_EXTEND_UNSIGNED);
#endif /* defined(POINTERS_EXTEND_UNSIGNED) */
}

/* Return something equivalent to X but valid as a memory address
   for something of mode MODE.  When X is not itself valid, this
   works by copying X or subexpressions of it into registers.  */

rtx
memory_address (enum machine_mode mode, rtx x)
{
  rtx oldx = x;

  x = convert_memory_address (Pmode, x);

  /* By passing constant addresses through registers
     we get a chance to cse them.  */
  if (! cse_not_expected && CONSTANT_P (x) && CONSTANT_ADDRESS_P (x))
    x = force_reg (Pmode, x);

  /* We get better cse by rejecting indirect addressing at this stage.
     Let the combiner create indirect addresses where appropriate.
     For now, generate the code so that the subexpressions useful to share
     are visible.  But not if cse won't be done!  */
  else
    {
      if (! cse_not_expected && !REG_P (x))
	x = break_out_memory_refs (x);

      /* At this point, any valid address is accepted.  */
      if (memory_address_p (mode, x))
	goto win;

      /* If it was valid before but breaking out memory refs invalidated it,
	 use it the old way.  */
      if (memory_address_p (mode, oldx))
	goto win2;

      /* Perform machine-dependent transformations on X
	 in certain cases.  This is not necessary since the code
	 below can handle all possible cases, but machine-dependent
	 transformations can make better code.  */
      LEGITIMIZE_ADDRESS (x, oldx, mode, win);

      /* PLUS and MULT can appear in special ways
	 as the result of attempts to make an address usable for indexing.
	 Usually they are dealt with by calling force_operand, below.
	 But a sum containing constant terms is special
	 if removing them makes the sum a valid address:
	 then we generate that address in a register
	 and index off of it.  We do this because it often makes
	 shorter code, and because the addresses thus generated
	 in registers often become common subexpressions.  */
      if (GET_CODE (x) == PLUS)
	{
	  rtx constant_term = const0_rtx;
	  rtx y = eliminate_constant_term (x, &constant_term);
	  if (constant_term == const0_rtx
	      || ! memory_address_p (mode, y))
	    x = force_operand (x, NULL_RTX);
	  else
	    {
	      y = gen_rtx_PLUS (GET_MODE (x), copy_to_reg (y), constant_term);
	      if (! memory_address_p (mode, y))
		x = force_operand (x, NULL_RTX);
	      else
		x = y;
	    }
	}

      else if (GET_CODE (x) == MULT || GET_CODE (x) == MINUS)
	x = force_operand (x, NULL_RTX);

      /* If we have a register that's an invalid address,
	 it must be a hard reg of the wrong class.  Copy it to a pseudo.  */
      else if (REG_P (x))
	x = copy_to_reg (x);

      /* Last resort: copy the value to a register, since
	 the register is a valid address.  */
      else
	x = force_reg (Pmode, x);

      goto done;

    win2:
      x = oldx;
    win:
      if (flag_force_addr && ! cse_not_expected && !REG_P (x))
	{
	  x = force_operand (x, NULL_RTX);
	  x = force_reg (Pmode, x);
	}
    }

 done:

  /* If we didn't change the address, we are done.  Otherwise, mark
     a reg as a pointer if we have REG or REG + CONST_INT.  */
  if (oldx == x)
    return x;
  else if (REG_P (x))
    mark_reg_pointer (x, BITS_PER_UNIT);
  else if (GET_CODE (x) == PLUS
	   && REG_P (XEXP (x, 0))
	   && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT)
    mark_reg_pointer (XEXP (x, 0), BITS_PER_UNIT);

  /* OLDX may have been the address on a temporary.  Update the address
     to indicate that X is now used.  */
  update_temp_slot_address (oldx, x);

  return x;
}

/* Like `memory_address' but pretend `flag_force_addr' is 0.  */

rtx
memory_address_noforce (enum machine_mode mode, rtx x)
{
  int ambient_force_addr = flag_force_addr;
  rtx val;

  flag_force_addr = 0;
  val = memory_address (mode, x);
  flag_force_addr = ambient_force_addr;
  return val;
}

/* Convert a mem ref into one with a valid memory address.
   Pass through anything else unchanged.  */

rtx
validize_mem (rtx ref)
{
  if (!MEM_P (ref))
    return ref;
  ref = use_anchored_address (ref);
  if (! (flag_force_addr && CONSTANT_ADDRESS_P (XEXP (ref, 0)))
      && memory_address_p (GET_MODE (ref), XEXP (ref, 0)))
    return ref;

  /* Don't alter REF itself, since that is probably a stack slot.  */
  return replace_equiv_address (ref, XEXP (ref, 0));
}

/* If X is a memory reference to a member of an object block, try rewriting
   it to use an anchor instead.  Return the new memory reference on success
   and the old one on failure.  */

rtx
use_anchored_address (rtx x)
{
  rtx base;
  HOST_WIDE_INT offset;

  if (!flag_section_anchors)
    return x;

  if (!MEM_P (x))
    return x;

  /* Split the address into a base and offset.  */
  base = XEXP (x, 0);
  offset = 0;
  if (GET_CODE (base) == CONST
      && GET_CODE (XEXP (base, 0)) == PLUS
      && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (base, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT)
    {
      offset += INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (base, 0), 1));
      base = XEXP (XEXP (base, 0), 0);
    }

  /* Check whether BASE is suitable for anchors.  */
  if (GET_CODE (base) != SYMBOL_REF
      || !SYMBOL_REF_HAS_BLOCK_INFO_P (base)
      || SYMBOL_REF_ANCHOR_P (base)
      || SYMBOL_REF_BLOCK (base) == NULL
      || !targetm.use_anchors_for_symbol_p (base))
    return x;

  /* Decide where BASE is going to be.  */
  place_block_symbol (base);

  /* Get the anchor we need to use.  */
  offset += SYMBOL_REF_BLOCK_OFFSET (base);
  base = get_section_anchor (SYMBOL_REF_BLOCK (base), offset,
			     SYMBOL_REF_TLS_MODEL (base));

  /* Work out the offset from the anchor.  */
  offset -= SYMBOL_REF_BLOCK_OFFSET (base);

  /* If we're going to run a CSE pass, force the anchor into a register.
     We will then be able to reuse registers for several accesses, if the
     target costs say that that's worthwhile.  */
  if (!cse_not_expected)
    base = force_reg (GET_MODE (base), base);

  return replace_equiv_address (x, plus_constant (base, offset));
}

/* Copy the value or contents of X to a new temp reg and return that reg.  */

rtx
copy_to_reg (rtx x)
{
  rtx temp = gen_reg_rtx (GET_MODE (x));

  /* If not an operand, must be an address with PLUS and MULT so
     do the computation.  */
  if (! general_operand (x, VOIDmode))
    x = force_operand (x, temp);

  if (x != temp)
    emit_move_insn (temp, x);

  return temp;
}

/* Like copy_to_reg but always give the new register mode Pmode
   in case X is a constant.  */

rtx
copy_addr_to_reg (rtx x)
{
  return copy_to_mode_reg (Pmode, x);
}

/* Like copy_to_reg but always give the new register mode MODE
   in case X is a constant.  */

rtx
copy_to_mode_reg (enum machine_mode mode, rtx x)
{
  rtx temp = gen_reg_rtx (mode);

  /* If not an operand, must be an address with PLUS and MULT so
     do the computation.  */
  if (! general_operand (x, VOIDmode))
    x = force_operand (x, temp);

  gcc_assert (GET_MODE (x) == mode || GET_MODE (x) == VOIDmode);
  if (x != temp)
    emit_move_insn (temp, x);
  return temp;
}

/* Load X into a register if it is not already one.
   Use mode MODE for the register.
   X should be valid for mode MODE, but it may be a constant which
   is valid for all integer modes; that's why caller must specify MODE.

   The caller must not alter the value in the register we return,
   since we mark it as a "constant" register.  */

rtx
force_reg (enum machine_mode mode, rtx x)
{
  rtx temp, insn, set;

  if (REG_P (x))
    return x;

  if (general_operand (x, mode))
    {
      temp = gen_reg_rtx (mode);
      insn = emit_move_insn (temp, x);
    }
  else
    {
      temp = force_operand (x, NULL_RTX);
      if (REG_P (temp))
	insn = get_last_insn ();
      else
	{
	  rtx temp2 = gen_reg_rtx (mode);
	  insn = emit_move_insn (temp2, temp);
	  temp = temp2;
	}
    }

  /* Let optimizers know that TEMP's value never changes
     and that X can be substituted for it.  Don't get confused
     if INSN set something else (such as a SUBREG of TEMP).  */
  if (CONSTANT_P (x)
      && (set = single_set (insn)) != 0
      && SET_DEST (set) == temp
      && ! rtx_equal_p (x, SET_SRC (set)))
    set_unique_reg_note (insn, REG_EQUAL, x);

  /* Let optimizers know that TEMP is a pointer, and if so, the
     known alignment of that pointer.  */
  {
    unsigned align = 0;
    if (GET_CODE (x) == SYMBOL_REF)
      {
        align = BITS_PER_UNIT;
	if (SYMBOL_REF_DECL (x) && DECL_P (SYMBOL_REF_DECL (x)))
	  align = DECL_ALIGN (SYMBOL_REF_DECL (x));
      }
    else if (GET_CODE (x) == LABEL_REF)
      align = BITS_PER_UNIT;
    else if (GET_CODE (x) == CONST
	     && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == PLUS
	     && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0)) == SYMBOL_REF
	     && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT)
      {
	rtx s = XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0);
	rtx c = XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1);
	unsigned sa, ca;

	sa = BITS_PER_UNIT;
	if (SYMBOL_REF_DECL (s) && DECL_P (SYMBOL_REF_DECL (s)))
	  sa = DECL_ALIGN (SYMBOL_REF_DECL (s));

	ca = exact_log2 (INTVAL (c) & -INTVAL (c)) * BITS_PER_UNIT;

	align = MIN (sa, ca);
      }
    else if (MEM_P (x) && MEM_POINTER (x))
      align = MEM_ALIGN (x);

    if (align)
      mark_reg_pointer (temp, align);
  }

  return temp;
}

/* If X is a memory ref, copy its contents to a new temp reg and return
   that reg.  Otherwise, return X.  */

rtx
force_not_mem (rtx x)
{
  rtx temp;

  if (!MEM_P (x) || GET_MODE (x) == BLKmode)
    return x;

  temp = gen_reg_rtx (GET_MODE (x));

  if (MEM_POINTER (x))
    REG_POINTER (temp) = 1;

  emit_move_insn (temp, x);
  return temp;
}

/* Copy X to TARGET (if it's nonzero and a reg)
   or to a new temp reg and return that reg.
   MODE is the mode to use for X in case it is a constant.  */

rtx
copy_to_suggested_reg (rtx x, rtx target, enum machine_mode mode)
{
  rtx temp;

  if (target && REG_P (target))
    temp = target;
  else
    temp = gen_reg_rtx (mode);

  emit_move_insn (temp, x);
  return temp;
}

/* Return the mode to use to store a scalar of TYPE and MODE.
   PUNSIGNEDP points to the signedness of the type and may be adjusted
   to show what signedness to use on extension operations.

   FOR_CALL is nonzero if this call is promoting args for a call.  */

#if defined(PROMOTE_MODE) && !defined(PROMOTE_FUNCTION_MODE)
#define PROMOTE_FUNCTION_MODE PROMOTE_MODE
#endif

enum machine_mode
promote_mode (tree type, enum machine_mode mode, int *punsignedp,
	      int for_call ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (type);
  int unsignedp = *punsignedp;

#ifndef PROMOTE_MODE
  if (! for_call)
    return mode;
#endif

  switch (code)
    {
#ifdef PROMOTE_FUNCTION_MODE
    case INTEGER_TYPE:   case ENUMERAL_TYPE:   case BOOLEAN_TYPE:
    case REAL_TYPE:      case OFFSET_TYPE:
#ifdef PROMOTE_MODE
      if (for_call)
	{
#endif
	  PROMOTE_FUNCTION_MODE (mode, unsignedp, type);
#ifdef PROMOTE_MODE
	}
      else
	{
	  PROMOTE_MODE (mode, unsignedp, type);
	}
#endif
      break;
#endif

#ifdef POINTERS_EXTEND_UNSIGNED
    case REFERENCE_TYPE:
    case POINTER_TYPE:
      mode = Pmode;
      unsignedp = POINTERS_EXTEND_UNSIGNED;
      break;
#endif

    default:
      break;
    }

  *punsignedp = unsignedp;
  return mode;
}

/* Adjust the stack pointer by ADJUST (an rtx for a number of bytes).
   This pops when ADJUST is positive.  ADJUST need not be constant.  */

void
adjust_stack (rtx adjust)
{
  rtx temp;

  if (adjust == const0_rtx)
    return;

  /* We expect all variable sized adjustments to be multiple of
     PREFERRED_STACK_BOUNDARY.  */
  if (GET_CODE (adjust) == CONST_INT)
    stack_pointer_delta -= INTVAL (adjust);

  temp = expand_binop (Pmode,
#ifdef STACK_GROWS_DOWNWARD
		       add_optab,
#else
		       sub_optab,
#endif
		       stack_pointer_rtx, adjust, stack_pointer_rtx, 0,
		       OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);

  if (temp != stack_pointer_rtx)
    emit_move_insn (stack_pointer_rtx, temp);
}

/* Adjust the stack pointer by minus ADJUST (an rtx for a number of bytes).
   This pushes when ADJUST is positive.  ADJUST need not be constant.  */

void
anti_adjust_stack (rtx adjust)
{
  rtx temp;

  if (adjust == const0_rtx)
    return;

  /* We expect all variable sized adjustments to be multiple of
     PREFERRED_STACK_BOUNDARY.  */
  if (GET_CODE (adjust) == CONST_INT)
    stack_pointer_delta += INTVAL (adjust);

  temp = expand_binop (Pmode,
#ifdef STACK_GROWS_DOWNWARD
		       sub_optab,
#else
		       add_optab,
#endif
		       stack_pointer_rtx, adjust, stack_pointer_rtx, 0,
		       OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);

  if (temp != stack_pointer_rtx)
    emit_move_insn (stack_pointer_rtx, temp);
}

/* Round the size of a block to be pushed up to the boundary required
   by this machine.  SIZE is the desired size, which need not be constant.  */

static rtx
round_push (rtx size)
{
  int align = PREFERRED_STACK_BOUNDARY / BITS_PER_UNIT;

  if (align == 1)
    return size;

  if (GET_CODE (size) == CONST_INT)
    {
      HOST_WIDE_INT new = (INTVAL (size) + align - 1) / align * align;

      if (INTVAL (size) != new)
	size = GEN_INT (new);
    }
  else
    {
      /* CEIL_DIV_EXPR needs to worry about the addition overflowing,
	 but we know it can't.  So add ourselves and then do
	 TRUNC_DIV_EXPR.  */
      size = expand_binop (Pmode, add_optab, size, GEN_INT (align - 1),
			   NULL_RTX, 1, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
      size = expand_divmod (0, TRUNC_DIV_EXPR, Pmode, size, GEN_INT (align),
			    NULL_RTX, 1);
      size = expand_mult (Pmode, size, GEN_INT (align), NULL_RTX, 1);
    }

  return size;
}

/* Save the stack pointer for the purpose in SAVE_LEVEL.  PSAVE is a pointer
   to a previously-created save area.  If no save area has been allocated,
   this function will allocate one.  If a save area is specified, it
   must be of the proper mode.

   The insns are emitted after insn AFTER, if nonzero, otherwise the insns
   are emitted at the current position.  */

void
emit_stack_save (enum save_level save_level, rtx *psave, rtx after)
{
  rtx sa = *psave;
  /* The default is that we use a move insn and save in a Pmode object.  */
  rtx (*fcn) (rtx, rtx) = gen_move_insn;
  enum machine_mode mode = STACK_SAVEAREA_MODE (save_level);

  /* See if this machine has anything special to do for this kind of save.  */
  switch (save_level)
    {
#ifdef HAVE_save_stack_block
    case SAVE_BLOCK:
      if (HAVE_save_stack_block)
	fcn = gen_save_stack_block;
      break;
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_save_stack_function
    case SAVE_FUNCTION:
      if (HAVE_save_stack_function)
	fcn = gen_save_stack_function;
      break;
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_save_stack_nonlocal
    case SAVE_NONLOCAL:
      if (HAVE_save_stack_nonlocal)
	fcn = gen_save_stack_nonlocal;
      break;
#endif
    default:
      break;
    }

  /* If there is no save area and we have to allocate one, do so.  Otherwise
     verify the save area is the proper mode.  */

  if (sa == 0)
    {
      if (mode != VOIDmode)
	{
	  if (save_level == SAVE_NONLOCAL)
	    *psave = sa = assign_stack_local (mode, GET_MODE_SIZE (mode), 0);
	  else
	    *psave = sa = gen_reg_rtx (mode);
	}
    }

  if (after)
    {
      rtx seq;

      start_sequence ();
      do_pending_stack_adjust ();
      /* We must validize inside the sequence, to ensure that any instructions
	 created by the validize call also get moved to the right place.  */
      if (sa != 0)
	sa = validize_mem (sa);
      emit_insn (fcn (sa, stack_pointer_rtx));
      seq = get_insns ();
      end_sequence ();
      emit_insn_after (seq, after);
    }
  else
    {
      do_pending_stack_adjust ();
      if (sa != 0)
	sa = validize_mem (sa);
      emit_insn (fcn (sa, stack_pointer_rtx));
    }
}

/* Restore the stack pointer for the purpose in SAVE_LEVEL.  SA is the save
   area made by emit_stack_save.  If it is zero, we have nothing to do.

   Put any emitted insns after insn AFTER, if nonzero, otherwise at
   current position.  */

void
emit_stack_restore (enum save_level save_level, rtx sa, rtx after)
{
  /* The default is that we use a move insn.  */
  rtx (*fcn) (rtx, rtx) = gen_move_insn;

  /* See if this machine has anything special to do for this kind of save.  */
  switch (save_level)
    {
#ifdef HAVE_restore_stack_block
    case SAVE_BLOCK:
      if (HAVE_restore_stack_block)
	fcn = gen_restore_stack_block;
      break;
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_restore_stack_function
    case SAVE_FUNCTION:
      if (HAVE_restore_stack_function)
	fcn = gen_restore_stack_function;
      break;
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_restore_stack_nonlocal
    case SAVE_NONLOCAL:
      if (HAVE_restore_stack_nonlocal)
	fcn = gen_restore_stack_nonlocal;
      break;
#endif
    default:
      break;
    }

  if (sa != 0)
    {
      sa = validize_mem (sa);
      /* These clobbers prevent the scheduler from moving
	 references to variable arrays below the code
	 that deletes (pops) the arrays.  */
      emit_insn (gen_rtx_CLOBBER (VOIDmode,
		    gen_rtx_MEM (BLKmode,
			gen_rtx_SCRATCH (VOIDmode))));
      emit_insn (gen_rtx_CLOBBER (VOIDmode,
		    gen_rtx_MEM (BLKmode, stack_pointer_rtx)));
    }

  discard_pending_stack_adjust ();

  if (after)
    {
      rtx seq;

      start_sequence ();
      emit_insn (fcn (stack_pointer_rtx, sa));
      seq = get_insns ();
      end_sequence ();
      emit_insn_after (seq, after);
    }
  else
    emit_insn (fcn (stack_pointer_rtx, sa));
}

/* Invoke emit_stack_save on the nonlocal_goto_save_area for the current
   function.  This function should be called whenever we allocate or
   deallocate dynamic stack space.  */

void
update_nonlocal_goto_save_area (void)
{
  tree t_save;
  rtx r_save;

  /* The nonlocal_goto_save_area object is an array of N pointers.  The
     first one is used for the frame pointer save; the rest are sized by
     STACK_SAVEAREA_MODE.  Create a reference to array index 1, the first
     of the stack save area slots.  */
  t_save = build4 (ARRAY_REF, ptr_type_node, cfun->nonlocal_goto_save_area,
		   integer_one_node, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
  r_save = expand_expr (t_save, NULL_RTX, VOIDmode, EXPAND_WRITE);

  emit_stack_save (SAVE_NONLOCAL, &r_save, NULL_RTX);
}

/* Return an rtx representing the address of an area of memory dynamically
   pushed on the stack.  This region of memory is always aligned to
   a multiple of BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT.

   Any required stack pointer alignment is preserved.

   SIZE is an rtx representing the size of the area.
   TARGET is a place in which the address can be placed.

   KNOWN_ALIGN is the alignment (in bits) that we know SIZE has.  */

rtx
allocate_dynamic_stack_space (rtx size, rtx target, int known_align)
{
  /* If we're asking for zero bytes, it doesn't matter what we point
     to since we can't dereference it.  But return a reasonable
     address anyway.  */
  if (size == const0_rtx)
    return virtual_stack_dynamic_rtx;

  /* Otherwise, show we're calling alloca or equivalent.  */
  current_function_calls_alloca = 1;

  /* Ensure the size is in the proper mode.  */
  if (GET_MODE (size) != VOIDmode && GET_MODE (size) != Pmode)
    size = convert_to_mode (Pmode, size, 1);

  /* We can't attempt to minimize alignment necessary, because we don't
     know the final value of preferred_stack_boundary yet while executing
     this code.  */
  cfun->preferred_stack_boundary = PREFERRED_STACK_BOUNDARY;

  /* We will need to ensure that the address we return is aligned to
     BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT.  If STACK_DYNAMIC_OFFSET is defined, we don't
     always know its final value at this point in the compilation (it
     might depend on the size of the outgoing parameter lists, for
     example), so we must align the value to be returned in that case.
     (Note that STACK_DYNAMIC_OFFSET will have a default nonzero value if
     STACK_POINTER_OFFSET or ACCUMULATE_OUTGOING_ARGS are defined).
     We must also do an alignment operation on the returned value if
     the stack pointer alignment is less strict that BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT.

     If we have to align, we must leave space in SIZE for the hole
     that might result from the alignment operation.  */

#if defined (STACK_DYNAMIC_OFFSET) || defined (STACK_POINTER_OFFSET)
#define MUST_ALIGN 1
#else
#define MUST_ALIGN (PREFERRED_STACK_BOUNDARY < BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT)
#endif

  if (MUST_ALIGN)
    size
      = force_operand (plus_constant (size,
				      BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT / BITS_PER_UNIT - 1),
		       NULL_RTX);

#ifdef SETJMP_VIA_SAVE_AREA
  /* If setjmp restores regs from a save area in the stack frame,
     avoid clobbering the reg save area.  Note that the offset of
     virtual_incoming_args_rtx includes the preallocated stack args space.
     It would be no problem to clobber that, but it's on the wrong side
     of the old save area.

     What used to happen is that, since we did not know for sure
     whether setjmp() was invoked until after RTL generation, we
     would use reg notes to store the "optimized" size and fix things
     up later.  These days we know this information before we ever
     start building RTL so the reg notes are unnecessary.  */
  if (!current_function_calls_setjmp)
    {
      int align = PREFERRED_STACK_BOUNDARY / BITS_PER_UNIT;

      /* ??? Code below assumes that the save area needs maximal
	 alignment.  This constraint may be too strong.  */
      gcc_assert (PREFERRED_STACK_BOUNDARY == BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT);

      if (GET_CODE (size) == CONST_INT)
	{
	  HOST_WIDE_INT new = INTVAL (size) / align * align;

	  if (INTVAL (size) != new)
	    size = GEN_INT (new);
	}
      else
	{
	  /* Since we know overflow is not possible, we avoid using
	     CEIL_DIV_EXPR and use TRUNC_DIV_EXPR instead.  */
	  size = expand_divmod (0, TRUNC_DIV_EXPR, Pmode, size,
				GEN_INT (align), NULL_RTX, 1);
	  size = expand_mult (Pmode, size,
			      GEN_INT (align), NULL_RTX, 1);
	}
    }
  else
    {
      rtx dynamic_offset
	= expand_binop (Pmode, sub_optab, virtual_stack_dynamic_rtx,
			stack_pointer_rtx, NULL_RTX, 1, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);

      size = expand_binop (Pmode, add_optab, size, dynamic_offset,
			   NULL_RTX, 1, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
    }
#endif /* SETJMP_VIA_SAVE_AREA */

  /* Round the size to a multiple of the required stack alignment.
     Since the stack if presumed to be rounded before this allocation,
     this will maintain the required alignment.

     If the stack grows downward, we could save an insn by subtracting
     SIZE from the stack pointer and then aligning the stack pointer.
     The problem with this is that the stack pointer may be unaligned
     between the execution of the subtraction and alignment insns and
     some machines do not allow this.  Even on those that do, some
     signal handlers malfunction if a signal should occur between those
     insns.  Since this is an extremely rare event, we have no reliable
     way of knowing which systems have this problem.  So we avoid even
     momentarily mis-aligning the stack.  */

  /* If we added a variable amount to SIZE,
     we can no longer assume it is aligned.  */
#if !defined (SETJMP_VIA_SAVE_AREA)
  if (MUST_ALIGN || known_align % PREFERRED_STACK_BOUNDARY != 0)
#endif
    size = round_push (size);

  do_pending_stack_adjust ();

 /* We ought to be called always on the toplevel and stack ought to be aligned
    properly.  */
  gcc_assert (!(stack_pointer_delta
		% (PREFERRED_STACK_BOUNDARY / BITS_PER_UNIT)));

  /* If needed, check that we have the required amount of stack.  Take into
     account what has already been checked.  */
  if (flag_stack_check && ! STACK_CHECK_BUILTIN)
    probe_stack_range (STACK_CHECK_MAX_FRAME_SIZE + STACK_CHECK_PROTECT, size);

  /* Don't use a TARGET that isn't a pseudo or is the wrong mode.  */
  if (target == 0 || !REG_P (target)
      || REGNO (target) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
      || GET_MODE (target) != Pmode)
    target = gen_reg_rtx (Pmode);

  mark_reg_pointer (target, known_align);

  /* Perform the required allocation from the stack.  Some systems do
     this differently than simply incrementing/decrementing from the
     stack pointer, such as acquiring the space by calling malloc().  */
#ifdef HAVE_allocate_stack
  if (HAVE_allocate_stack)
    {
      enum machine_mode mode = STACK_SIZE_MODE;
      insn_operand_predicate_fn pred;

      /* We don't have to check against the predicate for operand 0 since
	 TARGET is known to be a pseudo of the proper mode, which must
	 be valid for the operand.  For operand 1, convert to the
	 proper mode and validate.  */
      if (mode == VOIDmode)
	mode = insn_data[(int) CODE_FOR_allocate_stack].operand[1].mode;

      pred = insn_data[(int) CODE_FOR_allocate_stack].operand[1].predicate;
      if (pred && ! ((*pred) (size, mode)))
	size = copy_to_mode_reg (mode, convert_to_mode (mode, size, 1));

      emit_insn (gen_allocate_stack (target, size));
    }
  else
#endif
    {
#ifndef STACK_GROWS_DOWNWARD
      emit_move_insn (target, virtual_stack_dynamic_rtx);
#endif

      /* Check stack bounds if necessary.  */
      if (current_function_limit_stack)
	{
	  rtx available;
	  rtx space_available = gen_label_rtx ();
#ifdef STACK_GROWS_DOWNWARD
	  available = expand_binop (Pmode, sub_optab,
				    stack_pointer_rtx, stack_limit_rtx,
				    NULL_RTX, 1, OPTAB_WIDEN);
#else
	  available = expand_binop (Pmode, sub_optab,
				    stack_limit_rtx, stack_pointer_rtx,
				    NULL_RTX, 1, OPTAB_WIDEN);
#endif
	  emit_cmp_and_jump_insns (available, size, GEU, NULL_RTX, Pmode, 1,
				   space_available);
#ifdef HAVE_trap
	  if (HAVE_trap)
	    emit_insn (gen_trap ());
	  else
#endif
	    error ("stack limits not supported on this target");
	  emit_barrier ();
	  emit_label (space_available);
	}

      anti_adjust_stack (size);

#ifdef STACK_GROWS_DOWNWARD
      emit_move_insn (target, virtual_stack_dynamic_rtx);
#endif
    }

  if (MUST_ALIGN)
    {
      /* CEIL_DIV_EXPR needs to worry about the addition overflowing,
	 but we know it can't.  So add ourselves and then do
	 TRUNC_DIV_EXPR.  */
      target = expand_binop (Pmode, add_optab, target,
			     GEN_INT (BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT / BITS_PER_UNIT - 1),
			     NULL_RTX, 1, OPTAB_LIB_WIDEN);
      target = expand_divmod (0, TRUNC_DIV_EXPR, Pmode, target,
			      GEN_INT (BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT / BITS_PER_UNIT),
			      NULL_RTX, 1);
      target = expand_mult (Pmode, target,
			    GEN_INT (BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT / BITS_PER_UNIT),
			    NULL_RTX, 1);
    }

  /* Record the new stack level for nonlocal gotos.  */
  if (cfun->nonlocal_goto_save_area != 0)
    update_nonlocal_goto_save_area ();

  return target;
}

/* A front end may want to override GCC's stack checking by providing a
   run-time routine to call to check the stack, so provide a mechanism for
   calling that routine.  */

static GTY(()) rtx stack_check_libfunc;

void
set_stack_check_libfunc (rtx libfunc)
{
  stack_check_libfunc = libfunc;
}

/* Emit one stack probe at ADDRESS, an address within the stack.  */

static void
emit_stack_probe (rtx address)
{
  rtx memref = gen_rtx_MEM (word_mode, address);

  MEM_VOLATILE_P (memref) = 1;

  if (STACK_CHECK_PROBE_LOAD)
    emit_move_insn (gen_reg_rtx (word_mode), memref);
  else
    emit_move_insn (memref, const0_rtx);
}

/* Probe a range of stack addresses from FIRST to FIRST+SIZE, inclusive.
   FIRST is a constant and size is a Pmode RTX.  These are offsets from the
   current stack pointer.  STACK_GROWS_DOWNWARD says whether to add or
   subtract from the stack.  If SIZE is constant, this is done
   with a fixed number of probes.  Otherwise, we must make a loop.  */

#ifdef STACK_GROWS_DOWNWARD
#define STACK_GROW_OP MINUS
#else
#define STACK_GROW_OP PLUS
#endif

void
probe_stack_range (HOST_WIDE_INT first, rtx size)
{
  /* First ensure SIZE is Pmode.  */
  if (GET_MODE (size) != VOIDmode && GET_MODE (size) != Pmode)
    size = convert_to_mode (Pmode, size, 1);

  /* Next see if the front end has set up a function for us to call to
     check the stack.  */
  if (stack_check_libfunc != 0)
    {
      rtx addr = memory_address (QImode,
				 gen_rtx_fmt_ee (STACK_GROW_OP, Pmode,
					         stack_pointer_rtx,
					         plus_constant (size, first)));

      addr = convert_memory_address (ptr_mode, addr);
      emit_library_call (stack_check_libfunc, LCT_NORMAL, VOIDmode, 1, addr,
			 ptr_mode);
    }

  /* Next see if we have an insn to check the stack.  Use it if so.  */
#ifdef HAVE_check_stack
  else if (HAVE_check_stack)
    {
      insn_operand_predicate_fn pred;
      rtx last_addr
	= force_operand (gen_rtx_fmt_ee (STACK_GROW_OP, Pmode,
					 stack_pointer_rtx,
					 plus_constant (size, first)),
			 NULL_RTX);

      pred = insn_data[(int) CODE_FOR_check_stack].operand[0].predicate;
      if (pred && ! ((*pred) (last_addr, Pmode)))
	last_addr = copy_to_mode_reg (Pmode, last_addr);

      emit_insn (gen_check_stack (last_addr));
    }
#endif

  /* If we have to generate explicit probes, see if we have a constant
     small number of them to generate.  If so, that's the easy case.  */
  else if (GET_CODE (size) == CONST_INT
	   && INTVAL (size) < 10 * STACK_CHECK_PROBE_INTERVAL)
    {
      HOST_WIDE_INT offset;

      /* Start probing at FIRST + N * STACK_CHECK_PROBE_INTERVAL
	 for values of N from 1 until it exceeds LAST.  If only one
	 probe is needed, this will not generate any code.  Then probe
	 at LAST.  */
      for (offset = first + STACK_CHECK_PROBE_INTERVAL;
	   offset < INTVAL (size);
	   offset = offset + STACK_CHECK_PROBE_INTERVAL)
	emit_stack_probe (gen_rtx_fmt_ee (STACK_GROW_OP, Pmode,
					  stack_pointer_rtx,
					  GEN_INT (offset)));

      emit_stack_probe (gen_rtx_fmt_ee (STACK_GROW_OP, Pmode,
					stack_pointer_rtx,
					plus_constant (size, first)));
    }

  /* In the variable case, do the same as above, but in a loop.  We emit loop
     notes so that loop optimization can be done.  */
  else
    {
      rtx test_addr
	= force_operand (gen_rtx_fmt_ee (STACK_GROW_OP, Pmode,
					 stack_pointer_rtx,
					 GEN_INT (first + STACK_CHECK_PROBE_INTERVAL)),
			 NULL_RTX);
      rtx last_addr
	= force_operand (gen_rtx_fmt_ee (STACK_GROW_OP, Pmode,
					 stack_pointer_rtx,
					 plus_constant (size, first)),
			 NULL_RTX);
      rtx incr = GEN_INT (STACK_CHECK_PROBE_INTERVAL);
      rtx loop_lab = gen_label_rtx ();
      rtx test_lab = gen_label_rtx ();
      rtx end_lab = gen_label_rtx ();
      rtx temp;

      if (!REG_P (test_addr)
	  || REGNO (test_addr) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER)
	test_addr = force_reg (Pmode, test_addr);

      emit_jump (test_lab);

      emit_label (loop_lab);
      emit_stack_probe (test_addr);

#ifdef STACK_GROWS_DOWNWARD
#define CMP_OPCODE GTU
      temp = expand_binop (Pmode, sub_optab, test_addr, incr, test_addr,
			   1, OPTAB_WIDEN);
#else
#define CMP_OPCODE LTU
      temp = expand_binop (Pmode, add_optab, test_addr, incr, test_addr,
			   1, OPTAB_WIDEN);
#endif

      gcc_assert (temp == test_addr);

      emit_label (test_lab);
      emit_cmp_and_jump_insns (test_addr, last_addr, CMP_OPCODE,
			       NULL_RTX, Pmode, 1, loop_lab);
      emit_jump (end_lab);
      emit_label (end_lab);

      emit_stack_probe (last_addr);
    }
}

/* Return an rtx representing the register or memory location
   in which a scalar value of data type VALTYPE
   was returned by a function call to function FUNC.
   FUNC is a FUNCTION_DECL, FNTYPE a FUNCTION_TYPE node if the precise
   function is known, otherwise 0.
   OUTGOING is 1 if on a machine with register windows this function
   should return the register in which the function will put its result
   and 0 otherwise.  */

rtx
hard_function_value (tree valtype, tree func, tree fntype,
		     int outgoing ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  rtx val;

  val = targetm.calls.function_value (valtype, func ? func : fntype, outgoing);

  if (REG_P (val)
      && GET_MODE (val) == BLKmode)
    {
      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT bytes = int_size_in_bytes (valtype);
      enum machine_mode tmpmode;

      /* int_size_in_bytes can return -1.  We don't need a check here
	 since the value of bytes will then be large enough that no
	 mode will match anyway.  */

      for (tmpmode = GET_CLASS_NARROWEST_MODE (MODE_INT);
	   tmpmode != VOIDmode;
	   tmpmode = GET_MODE_WIDER_MODE (tmpmode))
	{
	  /* Have we found a large enough mode?  */
	  if (GET_MODE_SIZE (tmpmode) >= bytes)
	    break;
	}

      /* No suitable mode found.  */
      gcc_assert (tmpmode != VOIDmode);

      PUT_MODE (val, tmpmode);
    }
  return val;
}

/* Return an rtx representing the register or memory location
   in which a scalar value of mode MODE was returned by a library call.  */

rtx
hard_libcall_value (enum machine_mode mode)
{
  return LIBCALL_VALUE (mode);
}

/* Look up the tree code for a given rtx code
   to provide the arithmetic operation for REAL_ARITHMETIC.
   The function returns an int because the caller may not know
   what `enum tree_code' means.  */

int
rtx_to_tree_code (enum rtx_code code)
{
  enum tree_code tcode;

  switch (code)
    {
    case PLUS:
      tcode = PLUS_EXPR;
      break;
    case MINUS:
      tcode = MINUS_EXPR;
      break;
    case MULT:
      tcode = MULT_EXPR;
      break;
    case DIV:
      tcode = RDIV_EXPR;
      break;
    case SMIN:
      tcode = MIN_EXPR;
      break;
    case SMAX:
      tcode = MAX_EXPR;
      break;
    default:
      tcode = LAST_AND_UNUSED_TREE_CODE;
      break;
    }
  return ((int) tcode);
}

#include "gt-explow.h"