/*-
* Copyright (c) 2005 Robert N. M. Watson
* Copyright (c) 2015 Mark Johnston
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <atf-c.h>
/*
* UNIX domain sockets allow file descriptors to be passed via "ancillary
* data", or control messages. This regression test is intended to exercise
* this facility, both performing some basic tests that it operates, and also
* causing some kernel edge cases to execute, such as garbage collection when
* there are cyclic file descriptor references. Right now we test only with
* stream sockets, but ideally we'd also test with datagram sockets.
*/
static void
domainsocketpair(int *fdp)
{
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(socketpair(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, fdp) != -1,
"socketpair(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM) failed: %s", strerror(errno));
}
static void
closesocketpair(int *fdp)
{
close(fdp[0]);
close(fdp[1]);
}
static void
devnull(int *fdp)
{
int fd;
fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(fd != -1, "open failed: %s", strerror(errno));
*fdp = fd;
}
static void
tempfile(int *fdp)
{
char path[PATH_MAX];
int fd;
snprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "%s/unix_passfd.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
getenv("TMPDIR") == NULL ? "/tmp" : getenv("TMPDIR"));
fd = mkstemp(path);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(fd != -1, "mkstemp(%s) failed", path);
(void)unlink(path);
*fdp = fd;
}
static void
dofstat(int fd, struct stat *sb)
{
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(fstat(fd, sb) == 0,
"fstat failed: %s", strerror(errno));
}
static int
getnfds(void)
{
size_t len;
int mib[4], n, rc;
len = sizeof(n);
mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
mib[1] = KERN_PROC;
mib[2] = KERN_PROC_NFDS;
mib[3] = 0;
rc = sysctl(mib, 4, &n, &len, NULL, 0);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(rc != -1, "sysctl(KERN_PROC_NFDS) failed");
return (n);
}
static void
putfds(char *buf, int fd, int nfds)
{
struct cmsghdr *cm;
int *fdp, i;
cm = (struct cmsghdr *)buf;
cm->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(nfds * sizeof(int));
cm->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
cm->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
for (fdp = (int *)CMSG_DATA(cm), i = 0; i < nfds; i++)
*fdp++ = fd;
}
static void
samefile(struct stat *sb1, struct stat *sb2)
{
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(sb1->st_dev == sb2->st_dev, "different device");
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(sb1->st_ino == sb2->st_ino, "different inode");
}
static size_t
sendfd_payload(int sockfd, int send_fd, void *payload, size_t paylen)
{
struct iovec iovec;
char message[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
struct msghdr msghdr;
ssize_t len;
bzero(&msghdr, sizeof(msghdr));
bzero(&message, sizeof(message));
msghdr.msg_control = message;
msghdr.msg_controllen = sizeof(message);
iovec.iov_base = payload;
iovec.iov_len = paylen;
msghdr.msg_iov = &iovec;
msghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
putfds(message, send_fd, 1);
len = sendmsg(sockfd, &msghdr, 0);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(len != -1, "sendmsg failed: %s", strerror(errno));
return ((size_t)len);
}
static void
sendfd(int sockfd, int send_fd)
{
size_t len;
char ch;
ch = 0;
len = sendfd_payload(sockfd, send_fd, &ch, sizeof(ch));
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(len == sizeof(ch),
"sendmsg: %zu bytes sent; expected %zu; %s", len, sizeof(ch),
strerror(errno));
}
static bool
localcreds(int sockfd)
{
socklen_t sz;
int rc, val;
sz = sizeof(val);
rc = getsockopt(sockfd, 0, LOCAL_CREDS, &val, &sz);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(rc != -1, "getsockopt(LOCAL_CREDS) failed: %s",
strerror(errno));
return (val != 0);
}
static void
recvfd_payload(int sockfd, int *recv_fd, void *buf, size_t buflen,
size_t cmsgsz)
{
struct cmsghdr *cmsghdr;
struct msghdr msghdr;
struct iovec iovec;
char *message;
ssize_t len;
bool foundcreds;
bzero(&msghdr, sizeof(msghdr));
message = malloc(cmsgsz);
ATF_REQUIRE(message != NULL);
msghdr.msg_control = message;
msghdr.msg_controllen = cmsgsz;
iovec.iov_base = buf;
iovec.iov_len = buflen;
msghdr.msg_iov = &iovec;
msghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
len = recvmsg(sockfd, &msghdr, 0);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(len != -1, "recvmsg failed: %s", strerror(errno));
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG((size_t)len == buflen,
"recvmsg: %zd bytes received; expected %zd", len, buflen);
cmsghdr = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msghdr);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(cmsghdr != NULL,
"recvmsg: did not receive control message");
foundcreds = false;
*recv_fd = -1;
for (; cmsghdr != NULL; cmsghdr = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msghdr, cmsghdr)) {
if (cmsghdr->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
cmsghdr->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS &&
cmsghdr->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int))) {
memcpy(recv_fd, CMSG_DATA(cmsghdr), sizeof(int));
ATF_REQUIRE(*recv_fd != -1);
} else if (cmsghdr->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
cmsghdr->cmsg_type == SCM_CREDS)
foundcreds = true;
}
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(*recv_fd != -1,
"recvmsg: did not receive single-fd message");
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(!localcreds(sockfd) || foundcreds,
"recvmsg: expected credentials were not received");
}
static void
recvfd(int sockfd, int *recv_fd)
{
char ch = 0;
recvfd_payload(sockfd, recv_fd, &ch, sizeof(ch),
CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)));
}
/*
* Put a temporary file into a UNIX domain socket, then take it out and make
* sure it's the same file. First time around, don't close the reference
* after sending.
*/
ATF_TC_WITHOUT_HEAD(simple_send_fd);
ATF_TC_BODY(simple_send_fd, tc)
{
struct stat getfd_stat, putfd_stat;
int fd[2], getfd, putfd;
domainsocketpair(fd);
tempfile(&putfd);
dofstat(putfd, &putfd_stat);
sendfd(fd[0], putfd);
recvfd(fd[1], &getfd);
dofstat(getfd, &getfd_stat);
samefile(&putfd_stat, &getfd_stat);
close(putfd);
close(getfd);
closesocketpair(fd);
}
/*
* Same as simple_send_fd, only close the file reference after sending, so that
* the only reference is the descriptor in the UNIX domain socket buffer.
*/
ATF_TC_WITHOUT_HEAD(send_and_close);
ATF_TC_BODY(send_and_close, tc)
{
struct stat getfd_stat, putfd_stat;
int fd[2], getfd, putfd;
domainsocketpair(fd);
tempfile(&putfd);
dofstat(putfd, &putfd_stat);
sendfd(fd[0], putfd);
close(putfd);
recvfd(fd[1], &getfd);
dofstat(getfd, &getfd_stat);
samefile(&putfd_stat, &getfd_stat);
close(getfd);
closesocketpair(fd);
}
/*
* Put a temporary file into a UNIX domain socket, then close both endpoints
* causing garbage collection to kick off.
*/
ATF_TC_WITHOUT_HEAD(send_and_cancel);
ATF_TC_BODY(send_and_cancel, tc)
{
int fd[2], putfd;
domainsocketpair(fd);
tempfile(&putfd);
sendfd(fd[0], putfd);
close(putfd);
closesocketpair(fd);
}
/*
* Send two files. Then receive them. Make sure they are returned in the
* right order, and both get there.
*/
ATF_TC_WITHOUT_HEAD(two_files);
ATF_TC_BODY(two_files, tc)
{
struct stat getfd_1_stat, getfd_2_stat, putfd_1_stat, putfd_2_stat;
int fd[2], getfd_1, getfd_2, putfd_1, putfd_2;
domainsocketpair(fd);
tempfile(&putfd_1);
tempfile(&putfd_2);
dofstat(putfd_1, &putfd_1_stat);
dofstat(putfd_2, &putfd_2_stat);
sendfd(fd[0], putfd_1);
sendfd(fd[0], putfd_2);
close(putfd_1);
close(putfd_2);
recvfd(fd[1], &getfd_1);
recvfd(fd[1], &getfd_2);
dofstat(getfd_1, &getfd_1_stat);
dofstat(getfd_2, &getfd_2_stat);
samefile(&putfd_1_stat, &getfd_1_stat);
samefile(&putfd_2_stat, &getfd_2_stat);
close(getfd_1);
close(getfd_2);
closesocketpair(fd);
}
/*
* Big bundling test. Send an endpoint of the UNIX domain socket over itself,
* closing the door behind it.
*/
ATF_TC_WITHOUT_HEAD(bundle);
ATF_TC_BODY(bundle, tc)
{
int fd[2], getfd;
domainsocketpair(fd);
sendfd(fd[0], fd[0]);
close(fd[0]);
recvfd(fd[1], &getfd);
close(getfd);
close(fd[1]);
}
/*
* Big bundling test part two: Send an endpoint of the UNIX domain socket over
* itself, close the door behind it, and never remove it from the other end.
*/
ATF_TC_WITHOUT_HEAD(bundle_cancel);
ATF_TC_BODY(bundle_cancel, tc)
{
int fd[2];
domainsocketpair(fd);
sendfd(fd[0], fd[0]);
sendfd(fd[1], fd[0]);
closesocketpair(fd);
}
/*
* Test for PR 151758: Send an character device over the UNIX domain socket
* and then close both sockets to orphan the device.
*/
ATF_TC_WITHOUT_HEAD(devfs_orphan);
ATF_TC_BODY(devfs_orphan, tc)
{
int fd[2], putfd;
domainsocketpair(fd);
devnull(&putfd);
sendfd(fd[0], putfd);
close(putfd);
closesocketpair(fd);
}
#define LOCAL_SENDSPACE_SYSCTL "net.local.stream.sendspace"
/*
* Test for PR 181741. Receiver sets LOCAL_CREDS, and kernel prepends a
* control message to the data. Sender sends large payload using a non-blocking
* socket. Payload + SCM_RIGHTS + LOCAL_CREDS hit socket buffer limit, and
* receiver receives truncated data.
*/
ATF_TC_WITHOUT_HEAD(rights_creds_payload);
ATF_TC_BODY(rights_creds_payload, tc)
{
const int on = 1;
u_long sendspace;
size_t len;
void *buf;
int fd[2], getfd, putfd, rc;
len = sizeof(sendspace);
rc = sysctlbyname(LOCAL_SENDSPACE_SYSCTL, &sendspace,
&len, NULL, 0);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(rc != -1,
"sysctl %s failed: %s", LOCAL_SENDSPACE_SYSCTL, strerror(errno));
buf = calloc(1, sendspace);
ATF_REQUIRE(buf != NULL);
domainsocketpair(fd);
tempfile(&putfd);
rc = fcntl(fd[0], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(rc != -1, "fcntl(O_NONBLOCK) failed: %s",
strerror(errno));
rc = setsockopt(fd[1], 0, LOCAL_CREDS, &on, sizeof(on));
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(rc != -1, "setsockopt(LOCAL_CREDS) failed: %s",
strerror(errno));
len = sendfd_payload(fd[0], putfd, buf, sendspace);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(len < sendspace, "sendmsg: %zu bytes sent", len);
recvfd_payload(fd[1], &getfd, buf, len,
CMSG_SPACE(SOCKCREDSIZE(CMGROUP_MAX)) + CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)));
close(putfd);
close(getfd);
closesocketpair(fd);
}
static void
send_cmsg(int sockfd, void *cmsg, size_t cmsgsz)
{
struct iovec iov;
struct msghdr msghdr;
ssize_t len;
char ch;
ch = 0;
bzero(&msghdr, sizeof(msghdr));
iov.iov_base = &ch;
iov.iov_len = sizeof(ch);
msghdr.msg_control = cmsg;
msghdr.msg_controllen = cmsgsz;
msghdr.msg_iov = &iov;
msghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
len = sendmsg(sockfd, &msghdr, 0);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(len != -1,
"sendmsg failed: %s", strerror(errno));
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(len == sizeof(ch),
"sendmsg: %zd bytes sent; expected %zu", len, sizeof(ch));
}
static void
recv_cmsg(int sockfd, char *cmsg, size_t cmsgsz, int flags)
{
struct iovec iov;
struct msghdr msghdr;
ssize_t len;
char ch;
ch = 0;
bzero(&msghdr, sizeof(msghdr));
iov.iov_base = &ch;
iov.iov_len = sizeof(ch);
msghdr.msg_control = cmsg;
msghdr.msg_controllen = cmsgsz;
msghdr.msg_iov = &iov;
msghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
len = recvmsg(sockfd, &msghdr, 0);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(len != -1,
"recvmsg failed: %s", strerror(errno));
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(len == sizeof(ch),
"recvmsg: %zd bytes received; expected %zu", len, sizeof(ch));
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG((msghdr.msg_flags & flags) == flags,
"recvmsg: got flags %#x; expected %#x", msghdr.msg_flags, flags);
}
/*
* Test for PR 131876. Receiver uses a control message buffer that is too
* small for the incoming SCM_RIGHTS message, so the message is truncated.
* The kernel must not leak the copied right into the receiver's namespace.
*/
ATF_TC_WITHOUT_HEAD(truncated_rights);
ATF_TC_BODY(truncated_rights, tc)
{
char *message;
int fd[2], nfds, putfd, rc;
domainsocketpair(fd);
devnull(&putfd);
nfds = getnfds();
/*
* Case 1: Send a single descriptor and truncate the message.
*/
message = malloc(CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)));
ATF_REQUIRE(message != NULL);
putfds(message, putfd, 1);
send_cmsg(fd[0], message, CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)));
recv_cmsg(fd[1], message, CMSG_LEN(0), MSG_CTRUNC);
ATF_REQUIRE(getnfds() == nfds);
free(message);
/*
* Case 2a: Send two descriptors in separate messages, and truncate at
* the boundary between the two messages. We should still
* receive the first message.
*/
message = malloc(CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)) * 2);
ATF_REQUIRE(message != NULL);
putfds(message, putfd, 1);
putfds(message + CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)), putfd, 1);
send_cmsg(fd[0], message, CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)) * 2);
recv_cmsg(fd[1], message, CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)), MSG_CTRUNC);
rc = close(*(int *)CMSG_DATA(message));
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(rc == 0, "close failed: %s", strerror(errno));
ATF_REQUIRE(getnfds() == nfds);
free(message);
/*
* Case 2b: Send two descriptors in separate messages, and truncate
* before the end of the first message.
*/
message = malloc(CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)) * 2);
ATF_REQUIRE(message != NULL);
putfds(message, putfd, 1);
putfds(message + CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)), putfd, 1);
send_cmsg(fd[0], message, CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)) * 2);
recv_cmsg(fd[1], message, CMSG_SPACE(0), MSG_CTRUNC);
ATF_REQUIRE(getnfds() == nfds);
free(message);
/*
* Case 2c: Send two descriptors in separate messages, and truncate
* after the end of the first message. We should still
* receive the first message.
*/
message = malloc(CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)) * 2);
ATF_REQUIRE(message != NULL);
putfds(message, putfd, 1);
putfds(message + CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)), putfd, 1);
send_cmsg(fd[0], message, CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)) * 2);
recv_cmsg(fd[1], message, CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)) + CMSG_SPACE(0),
MSG_CTRUNC);
rc = close(*(int *)CMSG_DATA(message));
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(rc == 0, "close failed: %s", strerror(errno));
ATF_REQUIRE(getnfds() == nfds);
free(message);
/*
* Case 3: Send three descriptors in the same message, and leave space
* only for the first when receiving the message.
*/
message = malloc(CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int) * 3));
ATF_REQUIRE(message != NULL);
putfds(message, putfd, 3);
send_cmsg(fd[0], message, CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int) * 3));
recv_cmsg(fd[1], message, CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)), MSG_CTRUNC);
ATF_REQUIRE(getnfds() == nfds);
free(message);
close(putfd);
closesocketpair(fd);
}
/*
* Ensure that an attempt to copy a SCM_RIGHTS message to the recipient
* fails. In this case the kernel must dispose of the externalized rights
* rather than leaking them into the recipient's file descriptor table.
*/
ATF_TC_WITHOUT_HEAD(copyout_rights_error);
ATF_TC_BODY(copyout_rights_error, tc)
{
struct iovec iovec;
struct msghdr msghdr;
char buf[16];
ssize_t len;
int fd[2], error, nfds, putfd;
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
domainsocketpair(fd);
devnull(&putfd);
nfds = getnfds();
sendfd_payload(fd[0], putfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
bzero(&msghdr, sizeof(msghdr));
iovec.iov_base = buf;
iovec.iov_len = sizeof(buf);
msghdr.msg_control = (char *)-1; /* trigger EFAULT */
msghdr.msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
msghdr.msg_iov = &iovec;
msghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
len = recvmsg(fd[1], &msghdr, 0);
error = errno;
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(len == -1, "recvmsg succeeded: %zd", len);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(errno == EFAULT, "expected EFAULT, got %d (%s)",
error, strerror(errno));
/* Verify that no FDs were leaked. */
ATF_REQUIRE(getnfds() == nfds);
close(putfd);
closesocketpair(fd);
}
/*
* Verify that we can handle empty rights messages. Try sending two SCM_RIGHTS
* messages with a single call, one empty and one containing a single FD.
*/
ATF_TC_WITHOUT_HEAD(empty_rights_message);
ATF_TC_BODY(empty_rights_message, tc)
{
struct iovec iov;
struct msghdr msghdr;
char *cm, message[CMSG_SPACE(0) + CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
ssize_t len;
int error, fd[2], putfd;
domainsocketpair(fd);
devnull(&putfd);
/*
* First, try sending an empty message followed by a non-empty message.
*/
cm = message;
putfds(cm, -1, 0);
cm += CMSG_SPACE(0);
putfds(cm, putfd, 1);
memset(&msghdr, 0, sizeof(msghdr));
iov.iov_base = NULL;
iov.iov_len = 0;
msghdr.msg_control = message;
msghdr.msg_controllen = sizeof(message);
msghdr.msg_iov = &iov;
msghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
len = sendmsg(fd[0], &msghdr, 0);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(len == 0, "sendmsg failed: %s", strerror(errno));
/* Only the non-empty message should be received. */
len = recvmsg(fd[1], &msghdr, 0);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(len == 0, "recvmsg failed: %s", strerror(errno));
ATF_REQUIRE(msghdr.msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)));
error = close(*(int *)CMSG_DATA(msghdr.msg_control));
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(error == 0, "close failed: %s", strerror(errno));
/*
* Now try sending with the non-empty message before the empty message.
*/
cm = message;
putfds(cm, putfd, 1);
cm += CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
putfds(cm, -1, 0);
memset(&msghdr, 0, sizeof(msghdr));
iov.iov_base = NULL;
iov.iov_len = 0;
msghdr.msg_control = message;
msghdr.msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
msghdr.msg_iov = &iov;
msghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
len = sendmsg(fd[0], &msghdr, 0);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(len == 0, "sendmsg failed: %s", strerror(errno));
/* Only the non-empty message should be received. */
len = recvmsg(fd[1], &msghdr, 0);
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(len == 0, "recvmsg failed: %s", strerror(errno));
ATF_REQUIRE(msghdr.msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)));
error = close(*(int *)CMSG_DATA(msghdr.msg_control));
ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(error == 0, "close failed: %s", strerror(errno));
(void)close(putfd);
}
ATF_TP_ADD_TCS(tp)
{
ATF_TP_ADD_TC(tp, simple_send_fd);
ATF_TP_ADD_TC(tp, send_and_close);
ATF_TP_ADD_TC(tp, send_and_cancel);
ATF_TP_ADD_TC(tp, two_files);
ATF_TP_ADD_TC(tp, bundle);
ATF_TP_ADD_TC(tp, bundle_cancel);
ATF_TP_ADD_TC(tp, devfs_orphan);
ATF_TP_ADD_TC(tp, rights_creds_payload);
ATF_TP_ADD_TC(tp, truncated_rights);
ATF_TP_ADD_TC(tp, copyout_rights_error);
ATF_TP_ADD_TC(tp, empty_rights_message);
return (atf_no_error());
}