'\" t
.\"***************************************************************************
.\" Copyright 2018-2019,2020 Thomas E. Dickey                                *
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.\" $Id: curs_inch.3x,v 1.23 2020/02/02 23:34:34 tom Exp $
.TH curs_inch 3X ""
.ie \n(.g .ds `` \(lq
.el       .ds `` ``
.ie \n(.g .ds '' \(rq
.el       .ds '' ''
.de bP
.ie n  .IP \(bu 4
.el    .IP \(bu 2
..
.SH NAME
\fBinch\fR,
\fBwinch\fR,
\fBmvinch\fR,
\fBmvwinch\fR \- get a character and attributes from a \fBcurses\fR window
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fB#include <curses.h>\fR
.sp
\fBchtype inch(void);\fR
.br
\fBchtype winch(WINDOW *win);\fR
.br
\fBchtype mvinch(int y, int x);\fR
.br
\fBchtype mvwinch(WINDOW *win, int y, int x);\fR
.br
.SH DESCRIPTION
These routines return the character, of type \fBchtype\fR, at the current
position in the named window.
If any attributes are set for that position,
their values are OR'ed into the value returned.
Constants defined in
\fB<curses.h>\fR can be used with the \fB&\fR (logical AND) operator to
extract the character or attributes alone.
.
.SS Attributes
The following bit-masks may be AND-ed with characters returned by \fBwinch\fR.
.
.TS
l l .
\fBA_CHARTEXT\fR	Bit-mask to extract character
\fBA_ATTRIBUTES\fR	Bit-mask to extract attributes
\fBA_COLOR\fR	Bit-mask to extract color-pair field information
.TE
.SH RETURN VALUE
Functions with a \*(``mv\*('' prefix first perform a cursor movement using
\fBwmove\fP, and return an error if the position is outside the window,
or if the window pointer is null.
.PP
The \fBwinch\fP function does not return an error if the window contains
characters larger than 8-bits (255).
Only the low-order 8 bits of the character are used by \fBwinch\fP.
.SH NOTES
Note that all of these routines may be macros.
.SH PORTABILITY
These functions are described in the XSI Curses standard, Issue 4.
.PP
Very old systems (before standardization) provide a different function
with the same name:
.bP
The \fBwinch\fP function was part of the original BSD curses library,
which stored a 7-bit character combined with the \fIstandout\fP attribute.
.IP
In BSD curses, \fBwinch\fP returned only the character (as an integer)
with the \fIstandout\fP attribute removed.
.bP
System V curses added support for several video attributes which
could be combined with characters in the window.
.IP
Reflecting this improvement, the function was altered to return the
character combined with all video attributes in a \fBchtype\fP value.
.PP
X/Open Curses does not specify 
the size and layout of attributes, color and character values in
\fBchtype\fP; it is implementation-dependent.
This implementation uses 8 bits for character values.
An application using more bits, e.g., a Unicode value,
should use the wide-character equivalents to these functions.
.SH SEE ALSO
.TP 5
\fBcurses\fR(3X)
gives an overview of the WINDOW and \fBchtype\fP data types.
.TP 5
\fBcurs_attr\fR(3X)
goes into more detail, pointing out portability problems and
constraints on the use of \fBchtype\fP for returning window information.
.TP 5
\fBcurs_in_wch\fR(3X)
describes comparable functions for the wide-character (ncursesw) library.