.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1991, 1993
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"	@(#)getlogin.2	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd September 9, 2020
.Dt GETLOGIN 2
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm getlogin ,
.Nm getlogin_r ,
.Nm setlogin
.Nd get/set login name
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In unistd.h
.Ft char *
.Fn getlogin void
.In sys/param.h
.Ft int
.Fn getlogin_r "char *name" "size_t len"
.Ft int
.Fn setlogin "const char *name"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn getlogin
routine
returns the login name of the user associated with the current session,
as previously set by
.Fn setlogin .
The name is normally associated with a login shell
at the time a session is created,
and is inherited by all processes descended from the login shell.
(This is true even if some of those processes assume another user ID,
for example when
.Xr su 1
is used).
.Pp
The
.Fn getlogin_r
function
provides the same service as
.Fn getlogin
except the caller must provide the buffer
.Fa name
with length
.Fa len
bytes
to hold the result.
The buffer should be at least
.Dv MAXLOGNAME
bytes in length.
.Pp
The
.Fn setlogin
system call
sets the login name of the user associated with the current session to
.Fa name .
This system call is restricted to the super-user, and
is normally used only when a new session is being created on behalf
of the named user
(for example, at login time, or when a remote shell is invoked).
.Pp
.Em NOTE :
There is only one login name per session.
.Pp
It is
.Em CRITICALLY
important to ensure that
.Fn setlogin
is only ever called after the process has taken adequate steps to ensure
that it is detached from its parent's session.
Making a
.Fn setsid
system call is the
.Em ONLY
way to do this.
The
.Xr daemon 3
function calls
.Fn setsid
which is an ideal way of detaching from a controlling terminal and
forking into the background.
.Pp
In particular, doing a
.Fn ioctl ttyfd TIOCNOTTY ...\&
or
.Fn setpgrp ...\&
is
.Em NOT
sufficient.
.Pp
Once a parent process does a
.Fn setsid
system call, it is acceptable for some child of that process to then do a
.Fn setlogin
even though it is not the session leader, but beware that ALL processes
in the session will change their login name at the same time, even the
parent.
.Pp
This is not the same as the traditional UNIX behavior of inheriting privilege.
.Pp
Since the
.Fn setlogin
system call is restricted to the super-user, it is assumed that (like
all other privileged programs) the programmer has taken adequate
precautions to prevent security violations.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
If a call to
.Fn getlogin
succeeds, it returns a pointer to a null-terminated string in a static buffer,
or
.Dv NULL
if the name has not been set.
The
.Fn getlogin_r
function
returns zero if successful, or the error number upon failure.
.Pp
.Rv -std setlogin
.Sh ERRORS
The following errors may be returned by these calls:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EFAULT
The
.Fa name
argument gave an
invalid address.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The
.Fa name
argument
pointed to a string that was too long.
Login names are limited to
.Dv MAXLOGNAME
(from
.In sys/param.h )
characters, currently 33 including null.
.It Bq Er EPERM
The caller tried to set the login name and was not the super-user.
.It Bq Er ERANGE
The size of the buffer is smaller than the result to be returned.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr setsid 2 ,
.Xr daemon 3
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Fn getlogin
system call
and
the
.Fn getlogin_r
function
conform to
.St -p1003.1-96 .
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Fn getlogin
system call first appeared in
.Bx 4.4 .
The return value of
.Fn getlogin_r
was changed from earlier versions of
.Fx
to be conformant with
.St -p1003.1-96 .
.Sh BUGS
In earlier versions of the system,
.Fn getlogin
failed unless the process was associated with a login terminal.
The current implementation (using
.Fn setlogin )
allows getlogin to succeed even when the process has no controlling terminal.
In earlier versions of the system, the value returned by
.Fn getlogin
could not be trusted without checking the user ID.
Portable programs should probably still make this check.