.\"-
.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2019 Ian Lepore <ian@freebsd.org>
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd January 1, 2020
.Dt IICMUX 4
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm iicmux
.Nd I2C bus mulitiplexer framework
.Sh SYNOPSIS
To compile this driver into the kernel,
place the following line in your
kernel configuration file:
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
.Cd "device iicmux"
.Ed
.Pp
Alternatively, to load the driver as a
module at boot time, place the following line in
.Xr loader.conf 5 :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
iicmux_load="YES"
.Ed
.Pp
Note that it is usually not necessary to explicitly load the
driver module, as it will be loaded automatically along with
the driver for the specific mux hardware in use.
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
framework provides support code to help implement drivers for various
I2C bus multiplexer (mux) hardware.
.Nm
is not a standalone driver,
it is a collection of support functions and driver methods which are
used by individual mux hardware drivers.
It will be loaded automatically when needed by a mux hardware driver.
This manual page provides an overview of the I2C mux framework and its
behavior.
.Pp
Generally speaking, an I2C mux is connected to an upstream I2C bus, and to
one or more downstream I2C buses, and it can be commanded to connect
any one of the downstream buses to the upstream bus.
Some hardware may be able to connect multiple downstream buses at the
same time, but that concept is not supported by
.Nm .
.Pp
The
.Nm
framework operates automatically when I2C slave devices initiate I/O.
It does not require (or even allow for) any external control to select
the active downstream bus.
.Pp
When there is no I/O in progress, the mux is said to be in the
.Dq idle
state.
Some mux hardware has the ability to disconnect all downstream buses
when in an idle state.
Other hardware must always have one of the downstream buses connected.
Individual mux hardware drivers typically provide a way to select which
downstream bus (if any) should be connected while in the idle state.
In the absence of such configuration, whichever downstream bus was
last used remains connected to the upstream bus.
.Pp
When an I2C slave device on a bus downstream of a mux initiates I/O,
it first requests exclusive use of the bus by calling
.Fn iicbus_request_bus .
This request is communicated to the bus's parent, which is the
.Nm
framework
mux driver.
Once exclusive bus ownership is obtained, the mux driver
connects the upstream I2C bus to the downstream bus which hosts the
slave device that requested bus ownership.
The mux hardware maintains that upstream-to-downstream connection until
the slave device calls
.Fn iicbus_release_bus .
Before releasing ownership, the mux driver returns the mux hardware to
the idle state.
.Sh FDT CONFIGURATION
On an
.Xr fdt 4
based system, an I2C mux device node is defined as a child node of its
upstream I2C bus when the mux device is an I2C slave itself.
It may be defined as a child node of any other bus or device in the
system when it is not an I2C slave, in which case the
.Va i2c-parent
property indicates which upstream bus the mux is attached to.
In either case, the children of the mux node are additional I2C buses, which
will have one or more I2C slave devices described in their child nodes.
.Pp
Drivers using the
.Nm
framework conform to the standard
.Bk -words
.Li i2c/i2c-mux.txt
.Ek
bindings document.
.Sh HINTS CONFIGURATION
On a
.Xr device.hints 5
based system, these values are configurable for
.Nm
framework drivers :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Va hint.<driver>.<unit>.at
The upstream
.Xr iicbus 4
the
.Nm
instance is attached to.
.El
.Pp
When configured via hints, the driver automatically adds an iicbus
instance for every downstream bus supported by the chip.
There is currently no way to indicate used versus unused downstream buses.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr iicbus 4
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
framework first appeared in
.Fx 13.0 .