Training courses

Kernel and Embedded Linux

Bootlin training courses

Embedded Linux, kernel,
Yocto Project, Buildroot, real-time,
graphics, boot time, debugging...

Bootlin logo

Elixir Cross Referencer

   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
/* diff - compare files line by line

   Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002,
   2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This file is part of GNU DIFF.

   GNU DIFF is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
   any later version.

   GNU DIFF is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
   See the GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with GNU DIFF; see the file COPYING.
   If not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
   59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */

#define GDIFF_MAIN
#include "diff.h"
#include "paths.h"
#include <c-stack.h>
#include <dirname.h>
#include <error.h>
#include <exclude.h>
#include <exit.h>
#include <exitfail.h>
#include <file-type.h>
#include <fnmatch.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <hard-locale.h>
#include <posixver.h>
#include <prepargs.h>
#include <quotesys.h>
#include <setmode.h>
#include <version-etc.h>
#include <xalloc.h>

#ifndef GUTTER_WIDTH_MINIMUM
# define GUTTER_WIDTH_MINIMUM 3
#endif

struct regexp_list
{
  char *regexps;	/* chars representing disjunction of the regexps */
  size_t len;		/* chars used in `regexps' */
  size_t size;		/* size malloc'ed for `regexps'; 0 if not malloc'ed */
  bool multiple_regexps;/* Does `regexps' represent a disjunction?  */
  struct re_pattern_buffer *buf;
};

static int compare_files (struct comparison const *, char const *, char const *);
static void add_regexp (struct regexp_list *, char const *);
static void summarize_regexp_list (struct regexp_list *);
static void specify_style (enum output_style);
static void specify_value (char const **, char const *, char const *);
static void try_help (char const *, char const *) __attribute__((noreturn));
static void check_stdout (void);
static void usage (void);

/* If comparing directories, compare their common subdirectories
   recursively.  */
static bool recursive;

/* In context diffs, show previous lines that match these regexps.  */
static struct regexp_list function_regexp_list;

/* Ignore changes affecting only lines that match these regexps.  */
static struct regexp_list ignore_regexp_list;

#if HAVE_SETMODE_DOS
/* Use binary I/O when reading and writing data (--binary).
   On POSIX hosts, this has no effect.  */
static bool binary;
#else
enum { binary = true };
#endif

/* When comparing directories, if a file appears only in one
   directory, treat it as present but empty in the other (-N).
   Then `patch' would create the file with appropriate contents.  */
static bool new_file;

/* When comparing directories, if a file appears only in the second
   directory of the two, treat it as present but empty in the other
   (--unidirectional-new-file).
   Then `patch' would create the file with appropriate contents.  */
static bool unidirectional_new_file;

/* Report files compared that are the same (-s).
   Normally nothing is output when that happens.  */
static bool report_identical_files;


/* Return a string containing the command options with which diff was invoked.
   Spaces appear between what were separate ARGV-elements.
   There is a space at the beginning but none at the end.
   If there were no options, the result is an empty string.

   Arguments: OPTIONVEC, a vector containing separate ARGV-elements, and COUNT,
   the length of that vector.  */

static char *
option_list (char **optionvec, int count)
{
  int i;
  size_t size = 1;
  char *result;
  char *p;

  for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
    size += 1 + quote_system_arg ((char *) 0, optionvec[i]);

  p = result = xmalloc (size);

  for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
    {
      *p++ = ' ';
      p += quote_system_arg (p, optionvec[i]);
    }

  *p = 0;
  return result;
}


/* Return an option value suitable for add_exclude.  */

static int
exclude_options (void)
{
  return EXCLUDE_WILDCARDS | (ignore_file_name_case ? FNM_CASEFOLD : 0);
}

static char const shortopts[] =
"0123456789abBcC:dD:eEfF:hHiI:lL:nNopPqrsS:tTuU:vwW:x:X:y";

/* Values for long options that do not have single-letter equivalents.  */
enum
{
  BINARY_OPTION = CHAR_MAX + 1,
  FROM_FILE_OPTION,
  HELP_OPTION,
  HORIZON_LINES_OPTION,
  IGNORE_FILE_NAME_CASE_OPTION,
  INHIBIT_HUNK_MERGE_OPTION,
  LEFT_COLUMN_OPTION,
  LINE_FORMAT_OPTION,
  NO_IGNORE_FILE_NAME_CASE_OPTION,
  NORMAL_OPTION,
  SDIFF_MERGE_ASSIST_OPTION,
  STRIP_TRAILING_CR_OPTION,
  SUPPRESS_COMMON_LINES_OPTION,
  TABSIZE_OPTION,
  TO_FILE_OPTION,

  /* These options must be in sequence.  */
  UNCHANGED_LINE_FORMAT_OPTION,
  OLD_LINE_FORMAT_OPTION,
  NEW_LINE_FORMAT_OPTION,

  /* These options must be in sequence.  */
  UNCHANGED_GROUP_FORMAT_OPTION,
  OLD_GROUP_FORMAT_OPTION,
  NEW_GROUP_FORMAT_OPTION,
  CHANGED_GROUP_FORMAT_OPTION
};

static char const group_format_option[][sizeof "--unchanged-group-format"] =
  {
    "--unchanged-group-format",
    "--old-group-format",
    "--new-group-format",
    "--changed-group-format"
  };

static char const line_format_option[][sizeof "--unchanged-line-format"] =
  {
    "--unchanged-line-format",
    "--old-line-format",
    "--new-line-format"
  };

static struct option const longopts[] =
{
  {"binary", 0, 0, BINARY_OPTION},
  {"brief", 0, 0, 'q'},
  {"changed-group-format", 1, 0, CHANGED_GROUP_FORMAT_OPTION},
  {"context", 2, 0, 'C'},
  {"ed", 0, 0, 'e'},
  {"exclude", 1, 0, 'x'},
  {"exclude-from", 1, 0, 'X'},
  {"expand-tabs", 0, 0, 't'},
  {"forward-ed", 0, 0, 'f'},
  {"from-file", 1, 0, FROM_FILE_OPTION},
  {"help", 0, 0, HELP_OPTION},
  {"horizon-lines", 1, 0, HORIZON_LINES_OPTION},
  {"ifdef", 1, 0, 'D'},
  {"ignore-all-space", 0, 0, 'w'},
  {"ignore-blank-lines", 0, 0, 'B'},
  {"ignore-case", 0, 0, 'i'},
  {"ignore-file-name-case", 0, 0, IGNORE_FILE_NAME_CASE_OPTION},
  {"ignore-matching-lines", 1, 0, 'I'},
  {"ignore-space-change", 0, 0, 'b'},
  {"ignore-tab-expansion", 0, 0, 'E'},
  {"inhibit-hunk-merge", 0, 0, INHIBIT_HUNK_MERGE_OPTION},
  {"initial-tab", 0, 0, 'T'},
  {"label", 1, 0, 'L'},
  {"left-column", 0, 0, LEFT_COLUMN_OPTION},
  {"line-format", 1, 0, LINE_FORMAT_OPTION},
  {"minimal", 0, 0, 'd'},
  {"new-file", 0, 0, 'N'},
  {"new-group-format", 1, 0, NEW_GROUP_FORMAT_OPTION},
  {"new-line-format", 1, 0, NEW_LINE_FORMAT_OPTION},
  {"no-ignore-file-name-case", 0, 0, NO_IGNORE_FILE_NAME_CASE_OPTION},
  {"normal", 0, 0, NORMAL_OPTION},
  {"old-group-format", 1, 0, OLD_GROUP_FORMAT_OPTION},
  {"old-line-format", 1, 0, OLD_LINE_FORMAT_OPTION},
  {"paginate", 0, 0, 'l'},
  {"rcs", 0, 0, 'n'},
  {"recursive", 0, 0, 'r'},
  {"report-identical-files", 0, 0, 's'},
  {"sdiff-merge-assist", 0, 0, SDIFF_MERGE_ASSIST_OPTION},
  {"show-c-function", 0, 0, 'p'},
  {"show-function-line", 1, 0, 'F'},
  {"side-by-side", 0, 0, 'y'},
  {"speed-large-files", 0, 0, 'H'},
  {"starting-file", 1, 0, 'S'},
  {"strip-trailing-cr", 0, 0, STRIP_TRAILING_CR_OPTION},
  {"suppress-common-lines", 0, 0, SUPPRESS_COMMON_LINES_OPTION},
  {"tabsize", 1, 0, TABSIZE_OPTION},
  {"text", 0, 0, 'a'},
  {"to-file", 1, 0, TO_FILE_OPTION},
  {"unchanged-group-format", 1, 0, UNCHANGED_GROUP_FORMAT_OPTION},
  {"unchanged-line-format", 1, 0, UNCHANGED_LINE_FORMAT_OPTION},
  {"unidirectional-new-file", 0, 0, 'P'},
  {"unified", 2, 0, 'U'},
  {"version", 0, 0, 'v'},
  {"width", 1, 0, 'W'},
  {0, 0, 0, 0}
};

int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  int exit_status = EXIT_SUCCESS;
  int c;
  int i;
  int prev = -1;
  lin ocontext = -1;
  bool explicit_context = false;
  size_t width = 0;
  bool show_c_function = false;
  char const *from_file = 0;
  char const *to_file = 0;
  uintmax_t numval;
  char *numend;

  /* Do our initializations.  */
  exit_failure = 2;
  initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
  program_name = argv[0];
  setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
  textdomain (PACKAGE);
  c_stack_action (0);
  function_regexp_list.buf = &function_regexp;
  ignore_regexp_list.buf = &ignore_regexp;
  re_set_syntax (RE_SYNTAX_GREP);
  excluded = new_exclude ();

  prepend_default_options (getenv ("DIFF_OPTIONS"), &argc, &argv);

  /* Decode the options.  */

  while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, shortopts, longopts, 0)) != -1)
    {
      switch (c)
	{
	case 0:
	  break;

	case '0':
	case '1':
	case '2':
	case '3':
	case '4':
	case '5':
	case '6':
	case '7':
	case '8':
	case '9':
	  if (! ISDIGIT (prev))
	    ocontext = c - '0';
	  else if (LIN_MAX / 10 < ocontext
		   || ((ocontext = 10 * ocontext + c - '0') < 0))
	    ocontext = LIN_MAX;
	  break;

	case 'a':
	  text = true;
	  break;

	case 'b':
	  if (ignore_white_space < IGNORE_SPACE_CHANGE)
	    ignore_white_space = IGNORE_SPACE_CHANGE;
	  break;

	case 'B':
	  ignore_blank_lines = true;
	  break;

	case 'C':
	case 'U':
	  {
	    if (optarg)
	      {
		numval = strtoumax (optarg, &numend, 10);
		if (*numend)
		  try_help ("invalid context length `%s'", optarg);
		if (LIN_MAX < numval)
		  numval = LIN_MAX;
	      }
	    else
	      numval = 3;

	    specify_style (c == 'U' ? OUTPUT_UNIFIED : OUTPUT_CONTEXT);
	    if (context < numval)
	      context = numval;
	    explicit_context = true;
	  }
	  break;

	case 'c':
	  specify_style (OUTPUT_CONTEXT);
	  if (context < 3)
	    context = 3;
	  break;

	case 'd':
	  minimal = true;
	  break;

	case 'D':
	  specify_style (OUTPUT_IFDEF);
	  {
	    static char const C_ifdef_group_formats[] =
	      "%%=%c#ifndef %s\n%%<#endif /* ! %s */\n%c#ifdef %s\n%%>#endif /* %s */\n%c#ifndef %s\n%%<#else /* %s */\n%%>#endif /* %s */\n";
	    char *b = xmalloc (sizeof C_ifdef_group_formats
			       + 7 * strlen (optarg) - 14 /* 7*"%s" */
			       - 8 /* 5*"%%" + 3*"%c" */);
	    sprintf (b, C_ifdef_group_formats,
		     0,
		     optarg, optarg, 0,
		     optarg, optarg, 0,
		     optarg, optarg, optarg);
	    for (i = 0; i < sizeof group_format / sizeof *group_format; i++)
	      {
		specify_value (&group_format[i], b, "-D");
		b += strlen (b) + 1;
	      }
	  }
	  break;

	case 'e':
	  specify_style (OUTPUT_ED);
	  break;

	case 'E':
	  if (ignore_white_space < IGNORE_TAB_EXPANSION)
	    ignore_white_space = IGNORE_TAB_EXPANSION;
	  break;

	case 'f':
	  specify_style (OUTPUT_FORWARD_ED);
	  break;

	case 'F':
	  add_regexp (&function_regexp_list, optarg);
	  break;

	case 'h':
	  /* Split the files into chunks for faster processing.
	     Usually does not change the result.

	     This currently has no effect.  */
	  break;

	case 'H':
	  speed_large_files = true;
	  break;

	case 'i':
	  ignore_case = true;
	  break;

	case 'I':
	  add_regexp (&ignore_regexp_list, optarg);
	  break;

	case 'l':
	  if (!pr_program[0])
	    try_help ("pagination not supported on this host", 0);
	  paginate = true;
#ifdef SIGCHLD
	  /* Pagination requires forking and waiting, and
	     System V fork+wait does not work if SIGCHLD is ignored.  */
	  signal (SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
#endif
	  break;

	case 'L':
	  if (!file_label[0])
	    file_label[0] = optarg;
	  else if (!file_label[1])
	    file_label[1] = optarg;
	  else
	    fatal ("too many file label options");
	  break;

	case 'n':
	  specify_style (OUTPUT_RCS);
	  break;

	case 'N':
	  new_file = true;
	  break;

	case 'o':
	  /* Output in the old tradition style.  */
	  specify_style (OUTPUT_NORMAL);
	  break;

	case 'p':
	  show_c_function = true;
	  add_regexp (&function_regexp_list, "^[[:alpha:]$_]");
	  break;

	case 'P':
	  unidirectional_new_file = true;
	  break;

	case 'q':
	  brief = true;
	  break;

	case 'r':
	  recursive = true;
	  break;

	case 's':
	  report_identical_files = true;
	  break;

	case 'S':
	  specify_value (&starting_file, optarg, "-S");
	  break;

	case 't':
	  expand_tabs = true;
	  break;

	case 'T':
	  initial_tab = true;
	  break;

	case 'u':
	  specify_style (OUTPUT_UNIFIED);
	  if (context < 3)
	    context = 3;
	  break;

	case 'v':
	  version_etc (stdout, "diff", PACKAGE_NAME, PACKAGE_VERSION,
		       "Paul Eggert", "Mike Haertel", "David Hayes",
		       "Richard Stallman", "Len Tower", (char *) 0);
	  check_stdout ();
	  return EXIT_SUCCESS;

	case 'w':
	  ignore_white_space = IGNORE_ALL_SPACE;
	  break;

	case 'x':
	  add_exclude (excluded, optarg, exclude_options ());
	  break;

	case 'X':
	  if (add_exclude_file (add_exclude, excluded, optarg,
				exclude_options (), '\n'))
	    pfatal_with_name (optarg);
	  break;

	case 'y':
	  specify_style (OUTPUT_SDIFF);
	  break;

	case 'W':
	  numval = strtoumax (optarg, &numend, 10);
	  if (! (0 < numval && numval <= SIZE_MAX) || *numend)
	    try_help ("invalid width `%s'", optarg);
	  if (width != numval)
	    {
	      if (width)
		fatal ("conflicting width options");
	      width = numval;
	    }
	  break;

	case BINARY_OPTION:
#if HAVE_SETMODE_DOS
	  binary = true;
	  set_binary_mode (STDOUT_FILENO, true);
#endif
	  break;

	case FROM_FILE_OPTION:
	  specify_value (&from_file, optarg, "--from-file");
	  break;

	case HELP_OPTION:
	  usage ();
	  check_stdout ();
	  return EXIT_SUCCESS;

	case HORIZON_LINES_OPTION:
	  numval = strtoumax (optarg, &numend, 10);
	  if (*numend)
	    try_help ("invalid horizon length `%s'", optarg);
	  horizon_lines = MAX (horizon_lines, MIN (numval, LIN_MAX));
	  break;

	case IGNORE_FILE_NAME_CASE_OPTION:
	  ignore_file_name_case = true;
	  break;

	case INHIBIT_HUNK_MERGE_OPTION:
	  /* This option is obsolete, but accept it for backward
             compatibility.  */
	  break;

	case LEFT_COLUMN_OPTION:
	  left_column = true;
	  break;

	case LINE_FORMAT_OPTION:
	  specify_style (OUTPUT_IFDEF);
	  for (i = 0; i < sizeof line_format / sizeof *line_format; i++)
	    specify_value (&line_format[i], optarg, "--line-format");
	  break;

	case NO_IGNORE_FILE_NAME_CASE_OPTION:
	  ignore_file_name_case = false;
	  break;

	case NORMAL_OPTION:
	  specify_style (OUTPUT_NORMAL);
	  break;

	case SDIFF_MERGE_ASSIST_OPTION:
	  specify_style (OUTPUT_SDIFF);
	  sdiff_merge_assist = true;
	  break;

	case STRIP_TRAILING_CR_OPTION:
	  strip_trailing_cr = true;
	  break;

	case SUPPRESS_COMMON_LINES_OPTION:
	  suppress_common_lines = true;
	  break;

	case TABSIZE_OPTION:
	  numval = strtoumax (optarg, &numend, 10);
	  if (! (0 < numval && numval <= SIZE_MAX) || *numend)
	    try_help ("invalid tabsize `%s'", optarg);
	  if (tabsize != numval)
	    {
	      if (tabsize)
		fatal ("conflicting tabsize options");
	      tabsize = numval;
	    }
	  break;

	case TO_FILE_OPTION:
	  specify_value (&to_file, optarg, "--to-file");
	  break;

	case UNCHANGED_LINE_FORMAT_OPTION:
	case OLD_LINE_FORMAT_OPTION:
	case NEW_LINE_FORMAT_OPTION:
	  specify_style (OUTPUT_IFDEF);
	  c -= UNCHANGED_LINE_FORMAT_OPTION;
	  specify_value (&line_format[c], optarg, line_format_option[c]);
	  break;

	case UNCHANGED_GROUP_FORMAT_OPTION:
	case OLD_GROUP_FORMAT_OPTION:
	case NEW_GROUP_FORMAT_OPTION:
	case CHANGED_GROUP_FORMAT_OPTION:
	  specify_style (OUTPUT_IFDEF);
	  c -= UNCHANGED_GROUP_FORMAT_OPTION;
	  specify_value (&group_format[c], optarg, group_format_option[c]);
	  break;

	default:
	  try_help (0, 0);
	}
      prev = c;
    }

  if (output_style == OUTPUT_UNSPECIFIED)
    {
      if (show_c_function)
	{
	  specify_style (OUTPUT_CONTEXT);
	  if (ocontext < 0)
	    context = 3;
	}
      else
	specify_style (OUTPUT_NORMAL);
    }

  if (output_style != OUTPUT_CONTEXT || hard_locale (LC_TIME))
    {
#ifdef ST_MTIM_NSEC
      time_format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%N %z";
#else
      time_format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z";
#endif
    }
  else
    {
      /* See POSIX 1003.1-2001 for this format.  */
      time_format = "%a %b %e %T %Y";
    }

  if (0 <= ocontext)
    {
      bool modern_usage = 200112 <= posix2_version ();

      if ((output_style == OUTPUT_CONTEXT
	   || output_style == OUTPUT_UNIFIED)
	  && (context < ocontext
	      || (ocontext < context && ! explicit_context)))
	{
	  if (modern_usage)
	    {
	      error (0, 0,
		     _("`-%ld' option is obsolete; use `-%c %ld'"),
		     (long int) ocontext,
		     output_style == OUTPUT_CONTEXT ? 'C' : 'U',
		     (long int) ocontext);
	      try_help (0, 0);
	    }
	  context = ocontext;
	}
      else
	{
	  if (modern_usage)
	    {
	      error (0, 0, _("`-%ld' option is obsolete; omit it"),
		     (long int) ocontext);
	      try_help (0, 0);
	    }
	}
    }

  if (! tabsize)
    tabsize = 8;
  if (! width)
    width = 130;

  {
    /* Maximize first the half line width, and then the gutter width,
       according to the following constraints:

	1.  Two half lines plus a gutter must fit in a line.
	2.  If the half line width is nonzero:
	    a.  The gutter width is at least GUTTER_WIDTH_MINIMUM.
	    b.  If tabs are not expanded to spaces,
		a half line plus a gutter is an integral number of tabs,
		so that tabs in the right column line up.  */

    intmax_t t = expand_tabs ? 1 : tabsize;
    intmax_t w = width;
    intmax_t off = (w + t + GUTTER_WIDTH_MINIMUM) / (2 * t)  *  t;
    sdiff_half_width = MAX (0, MIN (off - GUTTER_WIDTH_MINIMUM, w - off)),
    sdiff_column2_offset = sdiff_half_width ? off : w;
  }

  /* Make the horizon at least as large as the context, so that
     shift_boundaries has more freedom to shift the first and last hunks.  */
  if (horizon_lines < context)
    horizon_lines = context;

  summarize_regexp_list (&function_regexp_list);
  summarize_regexp_list (&ignore_regexp_list);

  if (output_style == OUTPUT_IFDEF)
    {
      for (i = 0; i < sizeof line_format / sizeof *line_format; i++)
	if (!line_format[i])
	  line_format[i] = "%l\n";
      if (!group_format[OLD])
	group_format[OLD]
	  = group_format[CHANGED] ? group_format[CHANGED] : "%<";
      if (!group_format[NEW])
	group_format[NEW]
	  = group_format[CHANGED] ? group_format[CHANGED] : "%>";
      if (!group_format[UNCHANGED])
	group_format[UNCHANGED] = "%=";
      if (!group_format[CHANGED])
	group_format[CHANGED] = concat (group_format[OLD],
					group_format[NEW], "");
    }

  no_diff_means_no_output =
    (output_style == OUTPUT_IFDEF ?
      (!*group_format[UNCHANGED]
       || (strcmp (group_format[UNCHANGED], "%=") == 0
	   && !*line_format[UNCHANGED]))
     : (output_style != OUTPUT_SDIFF) | suppress_common_lines);

  files_can_be_treated_as_binary =
    (brief & binary
     & ~ (ignore_blank_lines | ignore_case | strip_trailing_cr
	  | (ignore_regexp_list.regexps || ignore_white_space)));

  switch_string = option_list (argv + 1, optind - 1);

  if (from_file)
    {
      if (to_file)
	fatal ("--from-file and --to-file both specified");
      else
	for (; optind < argc; optind++)
	  {
	    int status = compare_files ((struct comparison *) 0,
					from_file, argv[optind]);
	    if (exit_status < status)
	      exit_status = status;
	  }
    }
  else
    {
      if (to_file)
	for (; optind < argc; optind++)
	  {
	    int status = compare_files ((struct comparison *) 0,
					argv[optind], to_file);
	    if (exit_status < status)
	      exit_status = status;
	  }
      else
	{
	  if (argc - optind != 2)
	    {
	      if (argc - optind < 2)
		try_help ("missing operand after `%s'", argv[argc - 1]);
	      else
		try_help ("extra operand `%s'", argv[optind + 2]);
	    }

	  exit_status = compare_files ((struct comparison *) 0,
				       argv[optind], argv[optind + 1]);
	}
    }

  /* Print any messages that were saved up for last.  */
  print_message_queue ();

  check_stdout ();
  exit (exit_status);
  return exit_status;
}

/* Append to REGLIST the regexp PATTERN.  */

static void
add_regexp (struct regexp_list *reglist, char const *pattern)
{
  size_t patlen = strlen (pattern);
  char const *m = re_compile_pattern (pattern, patlen, reglist->buf);

  if (m != 0)
    error (0, 0, "%s: %s", pattern, m);
  else
    {
      char *regexps = reglist->regexps;
      size_t len = reglist->len;
      bool multiple_regexps = reglist->multiple_regexps = regexps != 0;
      size_t newlen = reglist->len = len + 2 * multiple_regexps + patlen;
      size_t size = reglist->size;

      if (size <= newlen)
	{
	  if (!size)
	    size = 1;

	  do size *= 2;
	  while (size <= newlen);

	  reglist->size = size;
	  reglist->regexps = regexps = xrealloc (regexps, size);
	}
      if (multiple_regexps)
	{
	  regexps[len++] = '\\';
	  regexps[len++] = '|';
	}
      memcpy (regexps + len, pattern, patlen + 1);
    }
}

/* Ensure that REGLIST represents the disjunction of its regexps.
   This is done here, rather than earlier, to avoid O(N^2) behavior.  */

static void
summarize_regexp_list (struct regexp_list *reglist)
{
  if (reglist->regexps)
    {
      /* At least one regexp was specified.  Allocate a fastmap for it.  */
      reglist->buf->fastmap = xmalloc (1 << CHAR_BIT);
      if (reglist->multiple_regexps)
	{
	  /* Compile the disjunction of the regexps.
	     (If just one regexp was specified, it is already compiled.)  */
	  char const *m = re_compile_pattern (reglist->regexps, reglist->len,
					      reglist->buf);
	  if (m != 0)
	    error (EXIT_TROUBLE, 0, "%s: %s", reglist->regexps, m);
	}
    }
}

static void
try_help (char const *reason_msgid, char const *operand)
{
  if (reason_msgid)
    error (0, 0, _(reason_msgid), operand);
  error (EXIT_TROUBLE, 0, _("Try `%s --help' for more information."),
	 program_name);
  abort ();
}

static void
check_stdout (void)
{
  if (ferror (stdout))
    fatal ("write failed");
  else if (fclose (stdout) != 0)
    pfatal_with_name (_("standard output"));
}

static char const * const option_help_msgid[] = {
  N_("Compare files line by line."),
  "",
  N_("-i  --ignore-case  Ignore case differences in file contents."),
  N_("--ignore-file-name-case  Ignore case when comparing file names."),
  N_("--no-ignore-file-name-case  Consider case when comparing file names."),
  N_("-E  --ignore-tab-expansion  Ignore changes due to tab expansion."),
  N_("-b  --ignore-space-change  Ignore changes in the amount of white space."),
  N_("-w  --ignore-all-space  Ignore all white space."),
  N_("-B  --ignore-blank-lines  Ignore changes whose lines are all blank."),
  N_("-I RE  --ignore-matching-lines=RE  Ignore changes whose lines all match RE."),
  N_("--strip-trailing-cr  Strip trailing carriage return on input."),
#if HAVE_SETMODE_DOS
  N_("--binary  Read and write data in binary mode."),
#endif
  N_("-a  --text  Treat all files as text."),
  "",
  N_("-c  -C NUM  --context[=NUM]  Output NUM (default 3) lines of copied context.\n\
-u  -U NUM  --unified[=NUM]  Output NUM (default 3) lines of unified context.\n\
  --label LABEL  Use LABEL instead of file name.\n\
  -p  --show-c-function  Show which C function each change is in.\n\
  -F RE  --show-function-line=RE  Show the most recent line matching RE."),
  N_("-q  --brief  Output only whether files differ."),
  N_("-e  --ed  Output an ed script."),
  N_("--normal  Output a normal diff."),
  N_("-n  --rcs  Output an RCS format diff."),
  N_("-y  --side-by-side  Output in two columns.\n\
  -W NUM  --width=NUM  Output at most NUM (default 130) print columns.\n\
  --left-column  Output only the left column of common lines.\n\
  --suppress-common-lines  Do not output common lines."),
  N_("-D NAME  --ifdef=NAME  Output merged file to show `#ifdef NAME' diffs."),
  N_("--GTYPE-group-format=GFMT  Similar, but format GTYPE input groups with GFMT."),
  N_("--line-format=LFMT  Similar, but format all input lines with LFMT."),
  N_("--LTYPE-line-format=LFMT  Similar, but format LTYPE input lines with LFMT."),
  N_("  LTYPE is `old', `new', or `unchanged'.  GTYPE is LTYPE or `changed'."),
  N_("  GFMT may contain:\n\
    %<  lines from FILE1\n\
    %>  lines from FILE2\n\
    %=  lines common to FILE1 and FILE2\n\
    %[-][WIDTH][.[PREC]]{doxX}LETTER  printf-style spec for LETTER\n\
      LETTERs are as follows for new group, lower case for old group:\n\
        F  first line number\n\
        L  last line number\n\
        N  number of lines = L-F+1\n\
        E  F-1\n\
        M  L+1"),
  N_("  LFMT may contain:\n\
    %L  contents of line\n\
    %l  contents of line, excluding any trailing newline\n\
    %[-][WIDTH][.[PREC]]{doxX}n  printf-style spec for input line number"),
  N_("  Either GFMT or LFMT may contain:\n\
    %%  %\n\
    %c'C'  the single character C\n\
    %c'\\OOO'  the character with octal code OOO"),
  "",
  N_("-l  --paginate  Pass the output through `pr' to paginate it."),
  N_("-t  --expand-tabs  Expand tabs to spaces in output."),
  N_("-T  --initial-tab  Make tabs line up by prepending a tab."),
  N_("--tabsize=NUM  Tab stops are every NUM (default 8) print columns."),
  "",
  N_("-r  --recursive  Recursively compare any subdirectories found."),
  N_("-N  --new-file  Treat absent files as empty."),
  N_("--unidirectional-new-file  Treat absent first files as empty."),
  N_("-s  --report-identical-files  Report when two files are the same."),
  N_("-x PAT  --exclude=PAT  Exclude files that match PAT."),
  N_("-X FILE  --exclude-from=FILE  Exclude files that match any pattern in FILE."),
  N_("-S FILE  --starting-file=FILE  Start with FILE when comparing directories."),
  N_("--from-file=FILE1  Compare FILE1 to all operands.  FILE1 can be a directory."),
  N_("--to-file=FILE2  Compare all operands to FILE2.  FILE2 can be a directory."),
  "",
  N_("--horizon-lines=NUM  Keep NUM lines of the common prefix and suffix."),
  N_("-d  --minimal  Try hard to find a smaller set of changes."),
  N_("--speed-large-files  Assume large files and many scattered small changes."),
  "",
  N_("-v  --version  Output version info."),
  N_("--help  Output this help."),
  "",
  N_("FILES are `FILE1 FILE2' or `DIR1 DIR2' or `DIR FILE...' or `FILE... DIR'."),
  N_("If --from-file or --to-file is given, there are no restrictions on FILES."),
  N_("If a FILE is `-', read standard input."),
  N_("Exit status is 0 if inputs are the same, 1 if different, 2 if trouble."),
  "",
  N_("Report bugs to <bug-gnu-utils@gnu.org>."),
  0
};

static void
usage (void)
{
  char const * const *p;

  printf (_("Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILES\n"), program_name);

  for (p = option_help_msgid;  *p;  p++)
    {
      if (!**p)
	putchar ('\n');
      else
	{
	  char const *msg = _(*p);
	  char const *nl;
	  while ((nl = strchr (msg, '\n')))
	    {
	      int msglen = nl + 1 - msg;
	      printf ("  %.*s", msglen, msg);
	      msg = nl + 1;
	    }

	  printf ("  %s\n" + 2 * (*msg != ' ' && *msg != '-'), msg);
	}
    }
}

/* Set VAR to VALUE, reporting an OPTION error if this is a
   conflict.  */
static void
specify_value (char const **var, char const *value, char const *option)
{
  if (*var && strcmp (*var, value) != 0)
    {
      error (0, 0, _("conflicting %s option value `%s'"), option, value);
      try_help (0, 0);
    }
  *var = value;
}

/* Set the output style to STYLE, diagnosing conflicts.  */
static void
specify_style (enum output_style style)
{
  if (output_style != style)
    {
      output_style = style;
    }
}

/* Set the last-modified time of *ST to be the current time.  */

static void
set_mtime_to_now (struct stat *st)
{
#ifdef ST_MTIM_NSEC

# if HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME && defined CLOCK_REALTIME
  if (clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME, &st->st_mtim) == 0)
    return;
# endif

# if HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
  {
    struct timeval timeval;
    if (gettimeofday (&timeval, 0) == 0)
      {
	st->st_mtime = timeval.tv_sec;
	st->st_mtim.ST_MTIM_NSEC = timeval.tv_usec * 1000;
	return;
      }
  }
# endif

#endif /* ST_MTIM_NSEC */

  time (&st->st_mtime);
}

/* Compare two files (or dirs) with parent comparison PARENT
   and names NAME0 and NAME1.
   (If PARENT is 0, then the first name is just NAME0, etc.)
   This is self-contained; it opens the files and closes them.

   Value is EXIT_SUCCESS if files are the same, EXIT_FAILURE if
   different, EXIT_TROUBLE if there is a problem opening them.  */

static int
compare_files (struct comparison const *parent,
	       char const *name0,
	       char const *name1)
{
  struct comparison cmp;
#define DIR_P(f) (S_ISDIR (cmp.file[f].stat.st_mode) != 0)
  register int f;
  int status = EXIT_SUCCESS;
  bool same_files;
  char *free0, *free1;

  /* If this is directory comparison, perhaps we have a file
     that exists only in one of the directories.
     If so, just print a message to that effect.  */

  if (! ((name0 && name1)
	 || (unidirectional_new_file && name1)
	 || new_file))
    {
      char const *name = name0 == 0 ? name1 : name0;
      char const *dir = parent->file[name0 == 0].name;

      /* See POSIX 1003.1-2001 for this format.  */
      message ("Only in %s: %s\n", dir, name);

      /* Return EXIT_FAILURE so that diff_dirs will return
	 EXIT_FAILURE ("some files differ").  */
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

  memset (cmp.file, 0, sizeof cmp.file);
  cmp.parent = parent;

  /* cmp.file[f].desc markers */
#define NONEXISTENT (-1) /* nonexistent file */
#define UNOPENED (-2) /* unopened file (e.g. directory) */
#define ERRNO_ENCODE(errno) (-3 - (errno)) /* encoded errno value */

#define ERRNO_DECODE(desc) (-3 - (desc)) /* inverse of ERRNO_ENCODE */

  cmp.file[0].desc = name0 == 0 ? NONEXISTENT : UNOPENED;
  cmp.file[1].desc = name1 == 0 ? NONEXISTENT : UNOPENED;

  /* Now record the full name of each file, including nonexistent ones.  */

  if (name0 == 0)
    name0 = name1;
  if (name1 == 0)
    name1 = name0;

  if (!parent)
    {
      free0 = 0;
      free1 = 0;
      cmp.file[0].name = name0;
      cmp.file[1].name = name1;
    }
  else
    {
      cmp.file[0].name = free0
	= dir_file_pathname (parent->file[0].name, name0);
      cmp.file[1].name = free1
	= dir_file_pathname (parent->file[1].name, name1);
    }

  /* Stat the files.  */

  for (f = 0; f < 2; f++)
    {
      if (cmp.file[f].desc != NONEXISTENT)
	{
	  if (f && file_name_cmp (cmp.file[f].name, cmp.file[0].name) == 0)
	    {
	      cmp.file[f].desc = cmp.file[0].desc;
	      cmp.file[f].stat = cmp.file[0].stat;
	    }
	  else if (strcmp (cmp.file[f].name, "-") == 0)
	    {
	      cmp.file[f].desc = STDIN_FILENO;
	      if (fstat (STDIN_FILENO, &cmp.file[f].stat) != 0)
		cmp.file[f].desc = ERRNO_ENCODE (errno);
	      else
		{
		  if (S_ISREG (cmp.file[f].stat.st_mode))
		    {
		      off_t pos = lseek (STDIN_FILENO, (off_t) 0, SEEK_CUR);
		      if (pos < 0)
			cmp.file[f].desc = ERRNO_ENCODE (errno);
		      else
			cmp.file[f].stat.st_size =
			  MAX (0, cmp.file[f].stat.st_size - pos);
		    }

		  /* POSIX 1003.1-2001 requires current time for
		     stdin.  */
		  set_mtime_to_now (&cmp.file[f].stat);
		}
	    }
	  else if (stat (cmp.file[f].name, &cmp.file[f].stat) != 0)
	    cmp.file[f].desc = ERRNO_ENCODE (errno);
	}
    }

  /* Mark files as nonexistent as needed for -N and -P, if they are
     inaccessible empty regular files (the kind of files that 'patch'
     creates to indicate nonexistent backups), or if they are
     top-level files that do not exist but their counterparts do
     exist.  */
  for (f = 0; f < 2; f++)
    if ((new_file || (f == 0 && unidirectional_new_file))
	&& (cmp.file[f].desc == UNOPENED
	    ? (S_ISREG (cmp.file[f].stat.st_mode)
	       && ! (cmp.file[f].stat.st_mode & (S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO))
	       && cmp.file[f].stat.st_size == 0)
	    : (cmp.file[f].desc == ERRNO_ENCODE (ENOENT)
	       && ! parent
	       && cmp.file[1 - f].desc == UNOPENED)))
      cmp.file[f].desc = NONEXISTENT;

  for (f = 0; f < 2; f++)
    if (cmp.file[f].desc == NONEXISTENT)
      {
	memset (&cmp.file[f].stat, 0, sizeof cmp.file[f].stat);
	cmp.file[f].stat.st_mode = cmp.file[1 - f].stat.st_mode;
      }

  for (f = 0; f < 2; f++)
    {
      int e = ERRNO_DECODE (cmp.file[f].desc);
      if (0 <= e)
	{
	  errno = e;
	  perror_with_name (cmp.file[f].name);
	  status = EXIT_TROUBLE;
	}
    }

  if (status == EXIT_SUCCESS && ! parent && DIR_P (0) != DIR_P (1))
    {
      /* If one is a directory, and it was specified in the command line,
	 use the file in that dir with the other file's basename.  */

      int fnm_arg = DIR_P (0);
      int dir_arg = 1 - fnm_arg;
      char const *fnm = cmp.file[fnm_arg].name;
      char const *dir = cmp.file[dir_arg].name;
      char const *filename = cmp.file[dir_arg].name = free0
	= dir_file_pathname (dir, base_name (fnm));

      if (strcmp (fnm, "-") == 0)
	fatal ("cannot compare `-' to a directory");

      if (stat (filename, &cmp.file[dir_arg].stat) != 0)
	{
	  perror_with_name (filename);
	  status = EXIT_TROUBLE;
	}
    }

  if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
    {
      /* One of the files should exist but does not.  */
    }
  else if (cmp.file[0].desc == NONEXISTENT
	   && cmp.file[1].desc == NONEXISTENT)
    {
      /* Neither file "exists", so there's nothing to compare.  */
    }
  else if ((same_files
	    = (cmp.file[0].desc != NONEXISTENT
	       && cmp.file[1].desc != NONEXISTENT
	       && 0 < same_file (&cmp.file[0].stat, &cmp.file[1].stat)
	       && same_file_attributes (&cmp.file[0].stat,
					&cmp.file[1].stat)))
	   && no_diff_means_no_output)
    {
      /* The two named files are actually the same physical file.
	 We know they are identical without actually reading them.  */
    }
  else if (DIR_P (0) & DIR_P (1))
    {
      if (output_style == OUTPUT_IFDEF)
	fatal ("-D option not supported with directories");

      /* If both are directories, compare the files in them.  */

      if (parent && !recursive)
	{
	  /* But don't compare dir contents one level down
	     unless -r was specified.
	     See POSIX 1003.1-2001 for this format.  */
	  message ("Common subdirectories: %s and %s\n",
		   cmp.file[0].name, cmp.file[1].name);
	}
      else
	status = diff_dirs (&cmp, compare_files);
    }
  else if ((DIR_P (0) | DIR_P (1))
	   || (parent
	       && (! S_ISREG (cmp.file[0].stat.st_mode)
		   || ! S_ISREG (cmp.file[1].stat.st_mode))))
    {
      if (cmp.file[0].desc == NONEXISTENT || cmp.file[1].desc == NONEXISTENT)
	{
	  /* We have a subdirectory that exists only in one directory.  */

	  if ((DIR_P (0) | DIR_P (1))
	      && recursive
	      && (new_file
		  || (unidirectional_new_file
		      && cmp.file[0].desc == NONEXISTENT)))
	    status = diff_dirs (&cmp, compare_files);
	  else
	    {
	      char const *dir
		= parent->file[cmp.file[0].desc == NONEXISTENT].name;

	      /* See POSIX 1003.1-2001 for this format.  */
	      message ("Only in %s: %s\n", dir, name0);

	      status = EXIT_FAILURE;
	    }
	}
      else
	{
	  /* We have two files that are not to be compared.  */

	  /* See POSIX 1003.1-2001 for this format.  */
	  message5 ("File %s is a %s while file %s is a %s\n",
		    file_label[0] ? file_label[0] : cmp.file[0].name,
		    file_type (&cmp.file[0].stat),
		    file_label[1] ? file_label[1] : cmp.file[1].name,
		    file_type (&cmp.file[1].stat));

	  /* This is a difference.  */
	  status = EXIT_FAILURE;
	}
    }
  else if (files_can_be_treated_as_binary
	   && S_ISREG (cmp.file[0].stat.st_mode)
	   && S_ISREG (cmp.file[1].stat.st_mode)
	   && cmp.file[0].stat.st_size != cmp.file[1].stat.st_size)
    {
      message ("Files %s and %s differ\n",
	       file_label[0] ? file_label[0] : cmp.file[0].name,
	       file_label[1] ? file_label[1] : cmp.file[1].name);
      status = EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  else
    {
      /* Both exist and neither is a directory.  */

      /* Open the files and record their descriptors.  */

      if (cmp.file[0].desc == UNOPENED)
	if ((cmp.file[0].desc = open (cmp.file[0].name, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0)
	  {
	    perror_with_name (cmp.file[0].name);
	    status = EXIT_TROUBLE;
	  }
      if (cmp.file[1].desc == UNOPENED)
	{
	  if (same_files)
	    cmp.file[1].desc = cmp.file[0].desc;
	  else if ((cmp.file[1].desc = open (cmp.file[1].name, O_RDONLY, 0))
		   < 0)
	    {
	      perror_with_name (cmp.file[1].name);
	      status = EXIT_TROUBLE;
	    }
	}

#if HAVE_SETMODE_DOS
      if (binary)
	for (f = 0; f < 2; f++)
	  if (0 <= cmp.file[f].desc)
	    set_binary_mode (cmp.file[f].desc, true);
#endif

      /* Compare the files, if no error was found.  */

      if (status == EXIT_SUCCESS)
	status = diff_2_files (&cmp);

      /* Close the file descriptors.  */

      if (0 <= cmp.file[0].desc && close (cmp.file[0].desc) != 0)
	{
	  perror_with_name (cmp.file[0].name);
	  status = EXIT_TROUBLE;
	}
      if (0 <= cmp.file[1].desc && cmp.file[0].desc != cmp.file[1].desc
	  && close (cmp.file[1].desc) != 0)
	{
	  perror_with_name (cmp.file[1].name);
	  status = EXIT_TROUBLE;
	}
    }

  /* Now the comparison has been done, if no error prevented it,
     and STATUS is the value this function will return.  */

  if (status == EXIT_SUCCESS)
    {
      if (report_identical_files && !DIR_P (0))
	message ("Files %s and %s are identical\n",
		 file_label[0] ? file_label[0] : cmp.file[0].name,
		 file_label[1] ? file_label[1] : cmp.file[1].name);
    }
  else
    {
      /* Flush stdout so that the user sees differences immediately.
	 This can hurt performance, unfortunately.  */
      if (fflush (stdout) != 0)
	pfatal_with_name (_("standard output"));
    }

  if (free0)
    free (free0);
  if (free1)
    free (free1);

  return status;
}