Training courses

Kernel and Embedded Linux

Bootlin training courses

Embedded Linux, kernel,
Yocto Project, Buildroot, real-time,
graphics, boot time, debugging...

Bootlin logo

Elixir Cross Referencer

   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
/* Core dump and executable file functions below target vector, for GDB.

   Copyright (C) 1986-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This file is part of GDB.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

#include "defs.h"
#include "arch-utils.h"
#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include "frame.h"		/* required by inferior.h */
#include "inferior.h"
#include "infrun.h"
#include "symtab.h"
#include "command.h"
#include "bfd.h"
#include "target.h"
#include "process-stratum-target.h"
#include "gdbcore.h"
#include "gdbthread.h"
#include "regcache.h"
#include "regset.h"
#include "symfile.h"
#include "exec.h"
#include "readline/tilde.h"
#include "solib.h"
#include "solist.h"
#include "filenames.h"
#include "progspace.h"
#include "objfiles.h"
#include "gdb_bfd.h"
#include "completer.h"
#include "gdbsupport/filestuff.h"
#include "build-id.h"
#include "gdbsupport/pathstuff.h"
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include "gdbcmd.h"

#ifndef O_LARGEFILE
#define O_LARGEFILE 0
#endif

/* The core file target.  */

static const target_info core_target_info = {
  "core",
  N_("Local core dump file"),
  N_("Use a core file as a target.\n\
Specify the filename of the core file.")
};

class core_target final : public process_stratum_target
{
public:
  core_target ();
  ~core_target () override;

  const target_info &info () const override
  { return core_target_info; }

  void close () override;
  void detach (inferior *, int) override;
  void fetch_registers (struct regcache *, int) override;

  enum target_xfer_status xfer_partial (enum target_object object,
					const char *annex,
					gdb_byte *readbuf,
					const gdb_byte *writebuf,
					ULONGEST offset, ULONGEST len,
					ULONGEST *xfered_len) override;
  void files_info () override;

  bool thread_alive (ptid_t ptid) override;
  const struct target_desc *read_description () override;

  std::string pid_to_str (ptid_t) override;

  const char *thread_name (struct thread_info *) override;

  bool has_all_memory () override { return true; }
  bool has_memory () override;
  bool has_stack () override;
  bool has_registers () override;
  bool has_execution (inferior *inf) override { return false; }

  bool info_proc (const char *, enum info_proc_what) override;

  /* A few helpers.  */

  /* Getter, see variable definition.  */
  struct gdbarch *core_gdbarch ()
  {
    return m_core_gdbarch;
  }

  /* See definition.  */
  void get_core_register_section (struct regcache *regcache,
				  const struct regset *regset,
				  const char *name,
				  int section_min_size,
				  const char *human_name,
				  bool required);

  /* See definition.  */
  void info_proc_mappings (struct gdbarch *gdbarch);

private: /* per-core data */

  /* The core's section table.  Note that these target sections are
     *not* mapped in the current address spaces' set of target
     sections --- those should come only from pure executable or
     shared library bfds.  The core bfd sections are an implementation
     detail of the core target, just like ptrace is for unix child
     targets.  */
  target_section_table m_core_section_table {};

  /* File-backed address space mappings: some core files include
     information about memory mapped files.  */
  target_section_table m_core_file_mappings {};

  /* Unavailable mappings.  These correspond to pathnames which either
     weren't found or could not be opened.  Knowing these addresses can
     still be useful.  */
  std::vector<mem_range> m_core_unavailable_mappings;

  /* Build m_core_file_mappings.  Called from the constructor.  */
  void build_file_mappings ();

  /* Helper method for xfer_partial.  */
  enum target_xfer_status xfer_memory_via_mappings (gdb_byte *readbuf,
						    const gdb_byte *writebuf,
						    ULONGEST offset,
						    ULONGEST len,
						    ULONGEST *xfered_len);

  /* FIXME: kettenis/20031023: Eventually this field should
     disappear.  */
  struct gdbarch *m_core_gdbarch = NULL;
};

core_target::core_target ()
{
  m_core_gdbarch = gdbarch_from_bfd (core_bfd);

  if (!m_core_gdbarch
      || !gdbarch_iterate_over_regset_sections_p (m_core_gdbarch))
    error (_("\"%s\": Core file format not supported"),
	   bfd_get_filename (core_bfd));

  /* Find the data section */
  if (build_section_table (core_bfd,
			   &m_core_section_table.sections,
			   &m_core_section_table.sections_end))
    error (_("\"%s\": Can't find sections: %s"),
	   bfd_get_filename (core_bfd), bfd_errmsg (bfd_get_error ()));

  build_file_mappings ();
}

core_target::~core_target ()
{
  xfree (m_core_section_table.sections);
  xfree (m_core_file_mappings.sections);
}

/* Construct the target_section_table for file-backed mappings if
   they exist.

   For each unique path in the note, we'll open a BFD with a bfd
   target of "binary".  This is an unstructured bfd target upon which
   we'll impose a structure from the mappings in the architecture-specific
   mappings note.  A BFD section is allocated and initialized for each
   file-backed mapping.

   We take care to not share already open bfds with other parts of
   GDB; in particular, we don't want to add new sections to existing
   BFDs.  We do, however, ensure that the BFDs that we allocate here
   will go away (be deallocated) when the core target is detached.  */

void
core_target::build_file_mappings ()
{
  std::unordered_map<std::string, struct bfd *> bfd_map;
  std::unordered_set<std::string> unavailable_paths;

  /* See linux_read_core_file_mappings() in linux-tdep.c for an example
     read_core_file_mappings method.  */
  gdbarch_read_core_file_mappings (m_core_gdbarch, core_bfd,

    /* After determining the number of mappings, read_core_file_mappings
       will invoke this lambda which allocates target_section storage for
       the mappings.  */
    [&] (ULONGEST count)
      {
	m_core_file_mappings.sections = XNEWVEC (struct target_section, count);
	m_core_file_mappings.sections_end = m_core_file_mappings.sections;
      },

    /* read_core_file_mappings will invoke this lambda for each mapping
       that it finds.  */
    [&] (int num, ULONGEST start, ULONGEST end, ULONGEST file_ofs,
         const char *filename, const void *other)
      {
	/* Architecture-specific read_core_mapping methods are expected to
	   weed out non-file-backed mappings.  */
	gdb_assert (filename != nullptr);

	struct bfd *bfd = bfd_map[filename];
	if (bfd == nullptr)
	  {
	    /* Use exec_file_find() to do sysroot expansion.  It'll
	       also strip the potential sysroot "target:" prefix.  If
	       there is no sysroot, an equivalent (possibly more
	       canonical) pathname will be provided.  */
	    gdb::unique_xmalloc_ptr<char> expanded_fname
	      = exec_file_find (filename, NULL);
	    if (expanded_fname == nullptr)
	      {
		m_core_unavailable_mappings.emplace_back (start, end - start);
		/* Print just one warning per path.  */
		if (unavailable_paths.insert (filename).second)
		  warning (_("Can't open file %s during file-backed mapping "
			     "note processing"),
			   filename);
		return;
	      }

	    bfd = bfd_map[filename] = bfd_openr (expanded_fname.get (),
	                                         "binary");

	    if (bfd == nullptr || !bfd_check_format (bfd, bfd_object))
	      {
		m_core_unavailable_mappings.emplace_back (start, end - start);
		/* If we get here, there's a good chance that it's due to
		   an internal error.  We issue a warning instead of an
		   internal error because of the possibility that the
		   file was removed in between checking for its
		   existence during the expansion in exec_file_find()
		   and the calls to bfd_openr() / bfd_check_format(). 
		   Output both the path from the core file note along
		   with its expansion to make debugging this problem
		   easier.  */
		warning (_("Can't open file %s which was expanded to %s "
			   "during file-backed mapping note processing"),
			 filename, expanded_fname.get ());
		if (bfd != nullptr)
		  bfd_close (bfd);
		return;
	      }
	    /* Ensure that the bfd will be closed when core_bfd is closed. 
	       This can be checked before/after a core file detach via
	       "maint info bfds".  */
	    gdb_bfd_record_inclusion (core_bfd, bfd);
	  }

	/* Make new BFD section.  All sections have the same name,
	   which is permitted by bfd_make_section_anyway().  */
	asection *sec = bfd_make_section_anyway (bfd, "load");
	if (sec == nullptr)
	  error (_("Can't make section"));
	sec->filepos = file_ofs;
	bfd_set_section_flags (sec, SEC_READONLY | SEC_HAS_CONTENTS);
	bfd_set_section_size (sec, end - start);
	bfd_set_section_vma (sec, start);
	bfd_set_section_lma (sec, start);
	bfd_set_section_alignment (sec, 2);

	/* Set target_section fields.  */
	struct target_section *ts = m_core_file_mappings.sections_end++;
	ts->addr = start;
	ts->endaddr = end;
	ts->owner = nullptr;
	ts->the_bfd_section = sec;
      });

  normalize_mem_ranges (&m_core_unavailable_mappings);
}

static void add_to_thread_list (bfd *, asection *, void *);

/* An arbitrary identifier for the core inferior.  */
#define CORELOW_PID 1

/* Close the core target.  */

void
core_target::close ()
{
  if (core_bfd)
    {
      switch_to_no_thread ();    /* Avoid confusion from thread
				    stuff.  */
      exit_inferior_silent (current_inferior ());

      /* Clear out solib state while the bfd is still open.  See
         comments in clear_solib in solib.c.  */
      clear_solib ();

      current_program_space->cbfd.reset (nullptr);
    }

  /* Core targets are heap-allocated (see core_target_open), so here
     we delete ourselves.  */
  delete this;
}

/* Look for sections whose names start with `.reg/' so that we can
   extract the list of threads in a core file.  */

static void
add_to_thread_list (bfd *abfd, asection *asect, void *reg_sect_arg)
{
  int core_tid;
  int pid, lwpid;
  asection *reg_sect = (asection *) reg_sect_arg;
  bool fake_pid_p = false;
  struct inferior *inf;

  if (!startswith (bfd_section_name (asect), ".reg/"))
    return;

  core_tid = atoi (bfd_section_name (asect) + 5);

  pid = bfd_core_file_pid (core_bfd);
  if (pid == 0)
    {
      fake_pid_p = true;
      pid = CORELOW_PID;
    }

  lwpid = core_tid;

  inf = current_inferior ();
  if (inf->pid == 0)
    {
      inferior_appeared (inf, pid);
      inf->fake_pid_p = fake_pid_p;
    }

  ptid_t ptid (pid, lwpid);

  thread_info *thr = add_thread (inf->process_target (), ptid);

/* Warning, Will Robinson, looking at BFD private data! */

  if (reg_sect != NULL
      && asect->filepos == reg_sect->filepos)	/* Did we find .reg?  */
    switch_to_thread (thr);			/* Yes, make it current.  */
}

/* Issue a message saying we have no core to debug, if FROM_TTY.  */

static void
maybe_say_no_core_file_now (int from_tty)
{
  if (from_tty)
    printf_filtered (_("No core file now.\n"));
}

/* Backward compatibility with old way of specifying core files.  */

void
core_file_command (const char *filename, int from_tty)
{
  dont_repeat ();		/* Either way, seems bogus.  */

  if (filename == NULL)
    {
      if (core_bfd != NULL)
	{
	  target_detach (current_inferior (), from_tty);
	  gdb_assert (core_bfd == NULL);
	}
      else
	maybe_say_no_core_file_now (from_tty);
    }
  else
    core_target_open (filename, from_tty);
}

/* Locate (and load) an executable file (and symbols) given the core file
   BFD ABFD.  */

static void
locate_exec_from_corefile_build_id (bfd *abfd, int from_tty)
{
  const bfd_build_id *build_id = build_id_bfd_get (abfd);
  if (build_id == nullptr)
    return;

  gdb_bfd_ref_ptr execbfd
    = build_id_to_exec_bfd (build_id->size, build_id->data);

  if (execbfd != nullptr)
    {
      exec_file_attach (bfd_get_filename (execbfd.get ()), from_tty);
      symbol_file_add_main (bfd_get_filename (execbfd.get ()),
			    symfile_add_flag (from_tty ? SYMFILE_VERBOSE : 0));
    }
}

/* See gdbcore.h.  */

void
core_target_open (const char *arg, int from_tty)
{
  const char *p;
  int siggy;
  int scratch_chan;
  int flags;

  target_preopen (from_tty);
  if (!arg)
    {
      if (core_bfd)
	error (_("No core file specified.  (Use `detach' "
		 "to stop debugging a core file.)"));
      else
	error (_("No core file specified."));
    }

  gdb::unique_xmalloc_ptr<char> filename (tilde_expand (arg));
  if (!IS_ABSOLUTE_PATH (filename.get ()))
    filename = gdb_abspath (filename.get ());

  flags = O_BINARY | O_LARGEFILE;
  if (write_files)
    flags |= O_RDWR;
  else
    flags |= O_RDONLY;
  scratch_chan = gdb_open_cloexec (filename.get (), flags, 0);
  if (scratch_chan < 0)
    perror_with_name (filename.get ());

  gdb_bfd_ref_ptr temp_bfd (gdb_bfd_fopen (filename.get (), gnutarget,
					   write_files ? FOPEN_RUB : FOPEN_RB,
					   scratch_chan));
  if (temp_bfd == NULL)
    perror_with_name (filename.get ());

  if (!bfd_check_format (temp_bfd.get (), bfd_core))
    {
      /* Do it after the err msg */
      /* FIXME: should be checking for errors from bfd_close (for one
         thing, on error it does not free all the storage associated
         with the bfd).  */
      error (_("\"%s\" is not a core dump: %s"),
	     filename.get (), bfd_errmsg (bfd_get_error ()));
    }

  current_program_space->cbfd = std::move (temp_bfd);

  core_target *target = new core_target ();

  /* Own the target until it is successfully pushed.  */
  target_ops_up target_holder (target);

  validate_files ();

  /* If we have no exec file, try to set the architecture from the
     core file.  We don't do this unconditionally since an exec file
     typically contains more information that helps us determine the
     architecture than a core file.  */
  if (!exec_bfd)
    set_gdbarch_from_file (core_bfd);

  push_target (std::move (target_holder));

  switch_to_no_thread ();

  /* Need to flush the register cache (and the frame cache) from a
     previous debug session.  If inferior_ptid ends up the same as the
     last debug session --- e.g., b foo; run; gcore core1; step; gcore
     core2; core core1; core core2 --- then there's potential for
     get_current_regcache to return the cached regcache of the
     previous session, and the frame cache being stale.  */
  registers_changed ();

  /* Build up thread list from BFD sections, and possibly set the
     current thread to the .reg/NN section matching the .reg
     section.  */
  bfd_map_over_sections (core_bfd, add_to_thread_list,
			 bfd_get_section_by_name (core_bfd, ".reg"));

  if (inferior_ptid == null_ptid)
    {
      /* Either we found no .reg/NN section, and hence we have a
	 non-threaded core (single-threaded, from gdb's perspective),
	 or for some reason add_to_thread_list couldn't determine
	 which was the "main" thread.  The latter case shouldn't
	 usually happen, but we're dealing with input here, which can
	 always be broken in different ways.  */
      thread_info *thread = first_thread_of_inferior (current_inferior ());

      if (thread == NULL)
	{
	  inferior_appeared (current_inferior (), CORELOW_PID);
	  thread = add_thread_silent (target, ptid_t (CORELOW_PID));
	}

      switch_to_thread (thread);
    }

  if (exec_bfd == nullptr)
    locate_exec_from_corefile_build_id (core_bfd, from_tty);

  post_create_inferior (target, from_tty);

  /* Now go through the target stack looking for threads since there
     may be a thread_stratum target loaded on top of target core by
     now.  The layer above should claim threads found in the BFD
     sections.  */
  try
    {
      target_update_thread_list ();
    }

  catch (const gdb_exception_error &except)
    {
      exception_print (gdb_stderr, except);
    }

  p = bfd_core_file_failing_command (core_bfd);
  if (p)
    printf_filtered (_("Core was generated by `%s'.\n"), p);

  /* Clearing any previous state of convenience variables.  */
  clear_exit_convenience_vars ();

  siggy = bfd_core_file_failing_signal (core_bfd);
  if (siggy > 0)
    {
      gdbarch *core_gdbarch = target->core_gdbarch ();

      /* If we don't have a CORE_GDBARCH to work with, assume a native
	 core (map gdb_signal from host signals).  If we do have
	 CORE_GDBARCH to work with, but no gdb_signal_from_target
	 implementation for that gdbarch, as a fallback measure,
	 assume the host signal mapping.  It'll be correct for native
	 cores, but most likely incorrect for cross-cores.  */
      enum gdb_signal sig = (core_gdbarch != NULL
			     && gdbarch_gdb_signal_from_target_p (core_gdbarch)
			     ? gdbarch_gdb_signal_from_target (core_gdbarch,
							       siggy)
			     : gdb_signal_from_host (siggy));

      printf_filtered (_("Program terminated with signal %s, %s"),
		       gdb_signal_to_name (sig), gdb_signal_to_string (sig));
      if (gdbarch_report_signal_info_p (core_gdbarch))
	gdbarch_report_signal_info (core_gdbarch, current_uiout, sig);
      printf_filtered (_(".\n"));

      /* Set the value of the internal variable $_exitsignal,
	 which holds the signal uncaught by the inferior.  */
      set_internalvar_integer (lookup_internalvar ("_exitsignal"),
			       siggy);
    }

  /* Fetch all registers from core file.  */
  target_fetch_registers (get_current_regcache (), -1);

  /* Now, set up the frame cache, and print the top of stack.  */
  reinit_frame_cache ();
  print_stack_frame (get_selected_frame (NULL), 1, SRC_AND_LOC, 1);

  /* Current thread should be NUM 1 but the user does not know that.
     If a program is single threaded gdb in general does not mention
     anything about threads.  That is why the test is >= 2.  */
  if (thread_count (target) >= 2)
    {
      try
	{
	  thread_command (NULL, from_tty);
	}
      catch (const gdb_exception_error &except)
	{
	  exception_print (gdb_stderr, except);
	}
    }
}

void
core_target::detach (inferior *inf, int from_tty)
{
  /* Note that 'this' is dangling after this call.  unpush_target
     closes the target, and our close implementation deletes
     'this'.  */
  unpush_target (this);

  /* Clear the register cache and the frame cache.  */
  registers_changed ();
  reinit_frame_cache ();
  maybe_say_no_core_file_now (from_tty);
}

/* Try to retrieve registers from a section in core_bfd, and supply
   them to REGSET.

   If ptid's lwp member is zero, do the single-threaded
   thing: look for a section named NAME.  If ptid's lwp
   member is non-zero, do the multi-threaded thing: look for a section
   named "NAME/LWP", where LWP is the shortest ASCII decimal
   representation of ptid's lwp member.

   HUMAN_NAME is a human-readable name for the kind of registers the
   NAME section contains, for use in error messages.

   If REQUIRED is true, print an error if the core file doesn't have a
   section by the appropriate name.  Otherwise, just do nothing.  */

void
core_target::get_core_register_section (struct regcache *regcache,
					const struct regset *regset,
					const char *name,
					int section_min_size,
					const char *human_name,
					bool required)
{
  gdb_assert (regset != nullptr);

  struct bfd_section *section;
  bfd_size_type size;
  bool variable_size_section = (regset->flags & REGSET_VARIABLE_SIZE);

  thread_section_name section_name (name, regcache->ptid ());

  section = bfd_get_section_by_name (core_bfd, section_name.c_str ());
  if (! section)
    {
      if (required)
	warning (_("Couldn't find %s registers in core file."),
		 human_name);
      return;
    }

  size = bfd_section_size (section);
  if (size < section_min_size)
    {
      warning (_("Section `%s' in core file too small."),
	       section_name.c_str ());
      return;
    }
  if (size != section_min_size && !variable_size_section)
    {
      warning (_("Unexpected size of section `%s' in core file."),
	       section_name.c_str ());
    }

  gdb::byte_vector contents (size);
  if (!bfd_get_section_contents (core_bfd, section, contents.data (),
				 (file_ptr) 0, size))
    {
      warning (_("Couldn't read %s registers from `%s' section in core file."),
	       human_name, section_name.c_str ());
      return;
    }

  regset->supply_regset (regset, regcache, -1, contents.data (), size);
}

/* Data passed to gdbarch_iterate_over_regset_sections's callback.  */
struct get_core_registers_cb_data
{
  core_target *target;
  struct regcache *regcache;
};

/* Callback for get_core_registers that handles a single core file
   register note section. */

static void
get_core_registers_cb (const char *sect_name, int supply_size, int collect_size,
		       const struct regset *regset,
		       const char *human_name, void *cb_data)
{
  gdb_assert (regset != nullptr);

  auto *data = (get_core_registers_cb_data *) cb_data;
  bool required = false;
  bool variable_size_section = (regset->flags & REGSET_VARIABLE_SIZE);

  if (!variable_size_section)
    gdb_assert (supply_size == collect_size);

  if (strcmp (sect_name, ".reg") == 0)
    {
      required = true;
      if (human_name == NULL)
	human_name = "general-purpose";
    }
  else if (strcmp (sect_name, ".reg2") == 0)
    {
      if (human_name == NULL)
	human_name = "floating-point";
    }

  data->target->get_core_register_section (data->regcache, regset, sect_name,
					   supply_size, human_name, required);
}

/* Get the registers out of a core file.  This is the machine-
   independent part.  Fetch_core_registers is the machine-dependent
   part, typically implemented in the xm-file for each
   architecture.  */

/* We just get all the registers, so we don't use regno.  */

void
core_target::fetch_registers (struct regcache *regcache, int regno)
{
  if (!(m_core_gdbarch != nullptr
	&& gdbarch_iterate_over_regset_sections_p (m_core_gdbarch)))
    {
      fprintf_filtered (gdb_stderr,
		     "Can't fetch registers from this type of core file\n");
      return;
    }

  struct gdbarch *gdbarch = regcache->arch ();
  get_core_registers_cb_data data = { this, regcache };
  gdbarch_iterate_over_regset_sections (gdbarch,
					get_core_registers_cb,
					(void *) &data, NULL);

  /* Mark all registers not found in the core as unavailable.  */
  for (int i = 0; i < gdbarch_num_regs (regcache->arch ()); i++)
    if (regcache->get_register_status (i) == REG_UNKNOWN)
      regcache->raw_supply (i, NULL);
}

void
core_target::files_info ()
{
  print_section_info (&m_core_section_table, core_bfd);
}

/* Helper method for core_target::xfer_partial.  */

enum target_xfer_status
core_target::xfer_memory_via_mappings (gdb_byte *readbuf,
				       const gdb_byte *writebuf,
				       ULONGEST offset, ULONGEST len,
				       ULONGEST *xfered_len)
{
  enum target_xfer_status xfer_status;

  xfer_status = (section_table_xfer_memory_partial
		   (readbuf, writebuf,
		    offset, len, xfered_len,
		    m_core_file_mappings.sections,
		    m_core_file_mappings.sections_end));

  if (xfer_status == TARGET_XFER_OK || m_core_unavailable_mappings.empty ())
    return xfer_status;

  /* There are instances - e.g. when debugging within a docker
     container using the AUFS storage driver - where the pathnames
     obtained from the note section are incorrect.  Despite the path
     being wrong, just knowing the start and end addresses of the
     mappings is still useful; we can attempt an access of the file
     stratum constrained to the address ranges corresponding to the
     unavailable mappings.  */

  ULONGEST memaddr = offset;
  ULONGEST memend = offset + len;

  for (const auto &mr : m_core_unavailable_mappings)
    {
      if (address_in_mem_range (memaddr, &mr))
        {
	  if (!address_in_mem_range (memend, &mr))
	    len = mr.start + mr.length - memaddr;

	  xfer_status = this->beneath ()->xfer_partial (TARGET_OBJECT_MEMORY,
							NULL,
							readbuf,
							writebuf,
							offset,
							len,
							xfered_len);
	  break;
	}
    }

  return xfer_status;
}

enum target_xfer_status
core_target::xfer_partial (enum target_object object, const char *annex,
			   gdb_byte *readbuf, const gdb_byte *writebuf,
			   ULONGEST offset, ULONGEST len, ULONGEST *xfered_len)
{
  switch (object)
    {
    case TARGET_OBJECT_MEMORY:
      {
	enum target_xfer_status xfer_status;

	/* Try accessing memory contents from core file data,
	   restricting consideration to those sections for which
	   the BFD section flag SEC_HAS_CONTENTS is set.  */
	auto has_contents_cb = [] (const struct target_section *s)
	  {
	    return ((s->the_bfd_section->flags & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS) != 0);
	  };
	xfer_status = section_table_xfer_memory_partial
			(readbuf, writebuf,
			 offset, len, xfered_len,
			 m_core_section_table.sections,
			 m_core_section_table.sections_end,
			 has_contents_cb);
	if (xfer_status == TARGET_XFER_OK)
	  return TARGET_XFER_OK;

	/* Check file backed mappings.  If they're available, use
	   core file provided mappings (e.g. from .note.linuxcore.file
	   or the like) as this should provide a more accurate
	   result.  If not, check the stratum beneath us, which should
	   be the file stratum.  */
	if (m_core_file_mappings.sections != nullptr)
	  xfer_status = xfer_memory_via_mappings (readbuf, writebuf, offset,
						  len, xfered_len);
	else
	  xfer_status = this->beneath ()->xfer_partial (object, annex, readbuf,
							writebuf, offset, len,
							xfered_len);
	if (xfer_status == TARGET_XFER_OK)
	  return TARGET_XFER_OK;

#ifndef __NetBSD__
	/* Finally, attempt to access data in core file sections with
	   no contents.  These will typically read as all zero.  */
	auto no_contents_cb = [&] (const struct target_section *s)
	  {
	    return !has_contents_cb (s);
	  };
	xfer_status = section_table_xfer_memory_partial
			(readbuf, writebuf,
			 offset, len, xfered_len,
			 m_core_section_table.sections,
			 m_core_section_table.sections_end,
			 no_contents_cb);
#endif
	return xfer_status;
      }
    case TARGET_OBJECT_AUXV:
      if (readbuf)
	{
	  /* When the aux vector is stored in core file, BFD
	     represents this with a fake section called ".auxv".  */

	  struct bfd_section *section;
	  bfd_size_type size;

	  section = bfd_get_section_by_name (core_bfd, ".auxv");
	  if (section == NULL)
	    return TARGET_XFER_E_IO;

	  size = bfd_section_size (section);
	  if (offset >= size)
	    return TARGET_XFER_EOF;
	  size -= offset;
	  if (size > len)
	    size = len;

	  if (size == 0)
	    return TARGET_XFER_EOF;
	  if (!bfd_get_section_contents (core_bfd, section, readbuf,
					 (file_ptr) offset, size))
	    {
	      warning (_("Couldn't read NT_AUXV note in core file."));
	      return TARGET_XFER_E_IO;
	    }

	  *xfered_len = (ULONGEST) size;
	  return TARGET_XFER_OK;
	}
      return TARGET_XFER_E_IO;

    case TARGET_OBJECT_WCOOKIE:
      if (readbuf)
	{
	  /* When the StackGhost cookie is stored in core file, BFD
	     represents this with a fake section called
	     ".wcookie".  */

	  struct bfd_section *section;
	  bfd_size_type size;

	  section = bfd_get_section_by_name (core_bfd, ".wcookie");
	  if (section == NULL)
	    return TARGET_XFER_E_IO;

	  size = bfd_section_size (section);
	  if (offset >= size)
	    return TARGET_XFER_EOF;
	  size -= offset;
	  if (size > len)
	    size = len;

	  if (size == 0)
	    return TARGET_XFER_EOF;
	  if (!bfd_get_section_contents (core_bfd, section, readbuf,
					 (file_ptr) offset, size))
	    {
	      warning (_("Couldn't read StackGhost cookie in core file."));
	      return TARGET_XFER_E_IO;
	    }

	  *xfered_len = (ULONGEST) size;
	  return TARGET_XFER_OK;

	}
      return TARGET_XFER_E_IO;

    case TARGET_OBJECT_LIBRARIES:
      if (m_core_gdbarch != nullptr
	  && gdbarch_core_xfer_shared_libraries_p (m_core_gdbarch))
	{
	  if (writebuf)
	    return TARGET_XFER_E_IO;
	  else
	    {
	      *xfered_len = gdbarch_core_xfer_shared_libraries (m_core_gdbarch,
								readbuf,
								offset, len);

	      if (*xfered_len == 0)
		return TARGET_XFER_EOF;
	      else
		return TARGET_XFER_OK;
	    }
	}
      /* FALL THROUGH */

    case TARGET_OBJECT_LIBRARIES_AIX:
      if (m_core_gdbarch != nullptr
	  && gdbarch_core_xfer_shared_libraries_aix_p (m_core_gdbarch))
	{
	  if (writebuf)
	    return TARGET_XFER_E_IO;
	  else
	    {
	      *xfered_len
		= gdbarch_core_xfer_shared_libraries_aix (m_core_gdbarch,
							  readbuf, offset,
							  len);

	      if (*xfered_len == 0)
		return TARGET_XFER_EOF;
	      else
		return TARGET_XFER_OK;
	    }
	}
      /* FALL THROUGH */

    case TARGET_OBJECT_SIGNAL_INFO:
      if (readbuf)
	{
	  if (m_core_gdbarch != nullptr
	      && gdbarch_core_xfer_siginfo_p (m_core_gdbarch))
	    {
	      LONGEST l = gdbarch_core_xfer_siginfo  (m_core_gdbarch, readbuf,
						      offset, len);

	      if (l >= 0)
		{
		  *xfered_len = l;
		  if (l == 0)
		    return TARGET_XFER_EOF;
		  else
		    return TARGET_XFER_OK;
		}
	    }
	}
      return TARGET_XFER_E_IO;

    default:
      return this->beneath ()->xfer_partial (object, annex, readbuf,
					     writebuf, offset, len,
					     xfered_len);
    }
}



/* Okay, let's be honest: threads gleaned from a core file aren't
   exactly lively, are they?  On the other hand, if we don't claim
   that each & every one is alive, then we don't get any of them
   to appear in an "info thread" command, which is quite a useful
   behaviour.
 */
bool
core_target::thread_alive (ptid_t ptid)
{
  return true;
}

/* Ask the current architecture what it knows about this core file.
   That will be used, in turn, to pick a better architecture.  This
   wrapper could be avoided if targets got a chance to specialize
   core_target.  */

const struct target_desc *
core_target::read_description ()
{
  if (m_core_gdbarch && gdbarch_core_read_description_p (m_core_gdbarch))
    {
      const struct target_desc *result;

      result = gdbarch_core_read_description (m_core_gdbarch, this, core_bfd);
      if (result != NULL)
	return result;
    }

  return this->beneath ()->read_description ();
}

std::string
core_target::pid_to_str (ptid_t ptid)
{
  struct inferior *inf;
  int pid;

  /* The preferred way is to have a gdbarch/OS specific
     implementation.  */
  if (m_core_gdbarch != nullptr
      && gdbarch_core_pid_to_str_p (m_core_gdbarch))
    return gdbarch_core_pid_to_str (m_core_gdbarch, ptid);

  /* Otherwise, if we don't have one, we'll just fallback to
     "process", with normal_pid_to_str.  */

  /* Try the LWPID field first.  */
  pid = ptid.lwp ();
  if (pid != 0)
    return normal_pid_to_str (ptid_t (pid));

  /* Otherwise, this isn't a "threaded" core -- use the PID field, but
     only if it isn't a fake PID.  */
  inf = find_inferior_ptid (this, ptid);
  if (inf != NULL && !inf->fake_pid_p)
    return normal_pid_to_str (ptid);

  /* No luck.  We simply don't have a valid PID to print.  */
  return "<main task>";
}

const char *
core_target::thread_name (struct thread_info *thr)
{
  if (m_core_gdbarch != nullptr
      && gdbarch_core_thread_name_p (m_core_gdbarch))
    return gdbarch_core_thread_name (m_core_gdbarch, thr);
  return NULL;
}

bool
core_target::has_memory ()
{
  return (core_bfd != NULL);
}

bool
core_target::has_stack ()
{
  return (core_bfd != NULL);
}

bool
core_target::has_registers ()
{
  return (core_bfd != NULL);
}

/* Implement the to_info_proc method.  */

bool
core_target::info_proc (const char *args, enum info_proc_what request)
{
  struct gdbarch *gdbarch = get_current_arch ();

  /* Since this is the core file target, call the 'core_info_proc'
     method on gdbarch, not 'info_proc'.  */
  if (gdbarch_core_info_proc_p (gdbarch))
    gdbarch_core_info_proc (gdbarch, args, request);

  return true;
}

/* Get a pointer to the current core target.  If not connected to a
   core target, return NULL.  */

static core_target *
get_current_core_target ()
{
  target_ops *proc_target = current_inferior ()->process_target ();
  return dynamic_cast<core_target *> (proc_target);
}

/* Display file backed mappings from core file.  */

void
core_target::info_proc_mappings (struct gdbarch *gdbarch)
{
  if (m_core_file_mappings.sections != m_core_file_mappings.sections_end)
    {
      printf_filtered (_("Mapped address spaces:\n\n"));
      if (gdbarch_addr_bit (gdbarch) == 32)
	{
	  printf_filtered ("\t%10s %10s %10s %10s %s\n",
			   "Start Addr",
			   "  End Addr",
			   "      Size", "    Offset", "objfile");
	}
      else
	{
	  printf_filtered ("  %18s %18s %10s %10s %s\n",
			   "Start Addr",
			   "  End Addr",
			   "      Size", "    Offset", "objfile");
	}
    }

  for (const struct target_section *tsp = m_core_file_mappings.sections;
       tsp < m_core_file_mappings.sections_end;
       tsp++)
    {
      ULONGEST start = tsp->addr;
      ULONGEST end = tsp->endaddr;
      ULONGEST file_ofs = tsp->the_bfd_section->filepos;
      const char *filename = bfd_get_filename (tsp->the_bfd_section->owner);

      if (gdbarch_addr_bit (gdbarch) == 32)
	printf_filtered ("\t%10s %10s %10s %10s %s\n",
			 paddress (gdbarch, start),
			 paddress (gdbarch, end),
			 hex_string (end - start),
			 hex_string (file_ofs),
			 filename);
      else
	printf_filtered ("  %18s %18s %10s %10s %s\n",
			 paddress (gdbarch, start),
			 paddress (gdbarch, end),
			 hex_string (end - start),
			 hex_string (file_ofs),
			 filename);
    }
}

/* Implement "maintenance print core-file-backed-mappings" command.  

   If mappings are loaded, the results should be similar to the
   mappings shown by "info proc mappings".  This command is mainly a
   debugging tool for GDB developers to make sure that the expected
   mappings are present after loading a core file.  For Linux, the
   output provided by this command will be very similar (if not
   identical) to that provided by "info proc mappings".  This is not
   necessarily the case for other OSes which might provide
   more/different information in the "info proc mappings" output.  */

static void
maintenance_print_core_file_backed_mappings (const char *args, int from_tty)
{
  core_target *targ = get_current_core_target ();
  if (targ != nullptr)
    targ->info_proc_mappings (targ->core_gdbarch ());
}

void _initialize_corelow ();
void
_initialize_corelow ()
{
  add_target (core_target_info, core_target_open, filename_completer);
  add_cmd ("core-file-backed-mappings", class_maintenance,
           maintenance_print_core_file_backed_mappings,
	   _("Print core file's file-backed mappings."),
	   &maintenanceprintlist);
}