.\"	$NetBSD: cd.4,v 1.20 2012/06/23 20:29:06 wiz Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1996
.\"     Julian Elischer <julian@freebsd.org>.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\"
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.Dd June 23, 2012
.Dt CD 4
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm cd
.Nd SCSI and ATAPI CD-ROM driver
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "cd* at scsibus? target ? lun ?"
.Cd "cd1 at scsibus0 target 4 lun 0"
.Cd "cd* at atapibus? drive ? flags 0x0000"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm cd
driver provides support for a Small Computer Systems Interface
.Pq Tn SCSI
bus and Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface
.Pq Tn ATAPI
Compact Disc-Read Only Memory
.Pq Tn CD-ROM
drive.
In an attempt to look like a regular disk, the
.Nm
driver synthesizes a partition table, with one partition covering the entire
.Tn CD-ROM .
It is possible to modify this partition table using
.Xr disklabel 8 ,
but it will only last until the
.Tn CD-ROM
is unmounted.
In general the interfaces are similar to those described by
.Xr wd 4
and
.Xr sd 4 .
.Pp
As the
.Tn SCSI
adapter is probed during boot, the
.Tn SCSI
bus is scanned for devices.
Any devices found which answer as `Read-only'
type devices will be `attached' to the
.Nm
driver.
.Pp
For the use of flags with ATAPI devices, see
.Xr wd 4 .
.Pp
The system utility
.Xr disklabel 8
may be used to read the synthesized
disk label
structure, which will contain correct figures for the size of the
.Tn CD-ROM
should that information be required.
.Sh KERNEL CONFIGURATION
Any number of
.Tn CD-ROM
devices may be attached to the system regardless of system
configuration as all resources are dynamically allocated.
.Sh IOCTLS
The following
.Xr ioctl 2
calls which apply to
.Tn SCSI
.Tn CD-ROM
drives are defined
in the header files
.In sys/cdio.h
and
.In sys/disklabel.h .
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width CDIOCREADSUBCHANNEL
.It Dv DIOCGDINFO
.It Dv DIOCSDINFO
.Pq Li "struct disklabel"
Read or write the in-core copy of the disklabel for the
drive.
The disklabel is initialized with information
read from the
.Tn SCSI
inquiry commands, and should be the same as
the information printed at boot.
This structure is defined in
.Xr disklabel 5 .
.\".It Dv CDIOCCAPABILITY
.\".Pq Li "struct ioc_capability"
.\"Retrieve information from the drive on what features it supports.
.\"The information is returned in the following structure:
.\".Bd -literal -offset indent
.\"struct ioc_capability {
.\"	u_long	play_function;
.\"#define CDDOPLAYTRK	0x00000001
.\"	/* Can play tracks/index */
.\"#define	CDDOPLAYMSF	0x00000002
.\"	/* Can play msf to msf */
.\"#define	CDDOPLAYBLOCKS	0x00000004
.\"	/* Can play range of blocks */
.\"#define	CDDOPAUSE	0x00000100
.\"	/* Output can be paused */
.\"#define	CDDORESUME	0x00000200
.\"	/* Output can be resumed */
.\"#define	CDDORESET	0x00000400
.\"	/* Drive can be completely reset */
.\"#define	CDDOSTART	0x00000800
.\"	/* Audio can be started */
.\"#define CDDOSTOP	0x00001000
.\"	/* Audio can be stopped */
.\"#define CDDOPITCH	0x00002000
.\"	/* Audio pitch can be changed */
.\"
.\"	u_long	routing_function;
.\"#define CDREADVOLUME	0x00000001
.\"	/* Volume settings can be read */
.\"#define CDSETVOLUME	0x00000002
.\"	/* Volume settings can be set */
.\"#define	CDSETMONO	0x00000100
.\"	/* Output can be set to mono */
.\"#define CDSETSTEREO	0x00000200
.\"	/* Output can be set to stereo (def) */
.\"#define	CDSETLEFT	0x00000400
.\"	/* Output can be set to left only */
.\"#define	CDSETRIGHT	0x00000800
.\"	/* Output can be set to right only */
.\"#define	CDSETMUTE	0x00001000
.\"	/* Output can be muted */
.\"#define CDSETPATCH	0x00008000
.\"	/* Direct routing control allowed */
.\"
.\"	u_long	special_function;
.\"#define	CDDOEJECT	0x00000001
.\"	/* The tray can be opened */
.\"#define	CDDOCLOSE	0x00000002
.\"	/* The tray can be closed */
.\"#define	CDDOLOCK	0x00000004
.\"	/* The tray can be locked */
.\"#define CDREADHEADER	0x00000100
.\"	/* Can read Table of Contents */
.\"#define	CDREADENTRIES	0x00000200
.\"	/* Can read TOC Entries */
.\"#define	CDREADSUBQ	0x00000200
.\"	/* Can read Subchannel info */
.\"#define CDREADRW	0x00000400
.\"	/* Can read subcodes R-W */
.\"#define	CDHASDEBUG	0x00004000
.\"	/* The tray has dynamic debugging */
.\"};
.\".Ed
.It Dv CDIOCPLAYTRACKS
.Pq Li "struct ioc_play_track"
Start audio playback given a track address and length.
The structure is defined as follows:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
struct ioc_play_track
{
	u_char	start_track;
	u_char	start_index;
	u_char	end_track;
	u_char	end_index;
};
.Ed
.It Dv CDIOCPLAYBLOCKS
.Pq Li "struct ioc_play_blocks"
Start audio playback given a block address and length.
The structure is defined as follows:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
struct ioc_play_blocks
{
	int	blk;
	int	len;
};
.Ed
.It Dv CDIOCPLAYMSF
.Pq Li "struct ioc_play_msf"
Start audio playback given a `minutes-seconds-frames' address and length.
The structure is defined as follows:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
struct ioc_play_msf
{
	u_char	start_m;
	u_char	start_s;
	u_char	start_f;
	u_char	end_m;
	u_char	end_s;
	u_char	end_f;
};
.Ed
.It Dv CDIOCREADSUBCHANNEL
.Pq Li "struct ioc_read_subchannel"
Read information from the subchannel at the location specified by this
structure:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
struct ioc_read_subchannel {
	u_char address_format;
#define CD_LBA_FORMAT	1
#define CD_MSF_FORMAT	2
	u_char data_format;
#define CD_SUBQ_DATA		0
#define CD_CURRENT_POSITION	1
#define CD_MEDIA_CATALOG	2
#define CD_TRACK_INFO		3
	u_char track;
	int	data_len;
	struct  cd_sub_channel_info *data;
};
.Ed
.It Dv CDIOREADTOCHEADER
.Pq Li "struct ioc_toc_header"
Return summary information about the table of contents for the mounted
.Tn CD-ROM .
The information is returned into the following structure:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
struct ioc_toc_header {
	u_short len;
	u_char  starting_track;
	u_char  ending_track;
};
.Ed
.It Dv CDIOREADTOCENTRYS
.Pq Li "struct ioc_read_toc_entry"
Return information from the table of contents entries mentioned.
(Yes, this command name is misspelled).
The argument structure is defined as follows:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
struct ioc_read_toc_entry {
	u_char	address_format;
	u_char	starting_track;
	u_short	data_len;
	struct  cd_toc_entry *data;
};
.Ed
The requested data is written into an area of size
.Li data_len
and pointed to by
.Li data .
.It Dv CDIOCSETPATCH
.Pq Li "struct ioc_patch"
Attach various audio channels to various output channels.
The argument structure is defined thusly:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
struct ioc_patch {
	u_char	patch[4];
	/* one for each channel */
};
.Ed
.It Dv CDIOCGETVOL
.It Dv CDIOCSETVOL
.Pq Li "struct ioc_vol"
Get (set) information about the volume settings of the output channels.
The argument structure is as follows:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
struct	ioc_vol
{
	u_char	vol[4];
	/* one for each channel */
};
.Ed
.It Dv CDIOCSETMONO
Patch all output channels to all source channels.
.It Dv CDIOCSETSTEREO
Patch left source channel to the left output channel and the right
source channel to the right output channel.
.It Dv CDIOCSETMUTE
Mute output without changing the volume settings.
.It Dv CDIOCSETLEFT
.It Dv CDIOCSETRIGHT
Attach both output channels to the left (right) source channel.
.It Dv CDIOCSETDEBUG
.It Dv CDIOCCLRDEBUG
Turn on (off) debugging for the appropriate device.
.It Dv CDIOCPAUSE
.It Dv CDIOCRESUME
Pause (resume) audio play, without resetting the location of the read-head.
.It Dv CDIOCRESET
Reset the drive.
.It Dv CDIOCSTART
.It Dv CDIOCSTOP
Tell the drive to spin-up (-down) the
.Tn CD-ROM .
.It Dv CDIOCALLOW
.It Dv CDIOCPREVENT
Tell the drive to allow (prevent) manual ejection of the
.Tn CD-ROM
disc.
Not all drives support this feature.
.It Dv CDIOCEJECT
Eject the
.Tn CD-ROM .
.It Dv CDIOCLOADUNLOAD
Cause the ATAPI changer to load or unload discs.
.It Dv CDIOCCLOSE
Tell the drive to close its door and load the media.
Not all drives support this feature.
.It Dv DIOCTUR
Test unit ready - to allow userland to silently check for presence of media.
.\"
.\".It Dv CDIOCPITCH
.\".Pq Li "struct ioc_pitch"
.\"For drives that support it, this command instructs the drive to play
.\"the audio at a faster or slower rate than normal.
.\"Values of
.\".Li speed
.\"between -32767 and -1 result in slower playback; a zero value
.\"indicates normal speed; and values from 1 to 32767 give faster playback.
.\"Drives with less than 16 bits of resolution will silently
.\"ignore less-significant bits.
.\"The structure is defined thusly:
.\".Bd -literal -offset indent
.\"struct	ioc_pitch
.\"{
.\"	short	speed;
.\"};
.\".Ed
.El
.Pp
In addition the general
.Xr scsi 4
ioctls may be used with the
.Nm
driver, if used against the `whole disk' partition (i.e.
.Pa /dev/rcd0d
for the bebox and i386 port,
.Pa /dev/rcd0c
for all other ports).
.Sh NOTES
When a
.Tn CD-ROM
is changed in a drive controlled by the
.Nm
driver, then the act of changing the media will invalidate the
disklabel and information held within the kernel.
To stop corruption, all accesses to the device will be discarded
until there are no more open file descriptors referencing the device.
During this period, all new open attempts will be rejected.
When no more open file descriptors reference the device, the first
next open will load a new set of parameters (including disklabel)
for the drive.
.Pp
The audio code in the
.Nm
driver only support
.Tn SCSI-2
standard audio commands.
Because many
.Tn CD-ROM
manufacturers have not followed the standard, there are many
.Tn CD-ROM
drives for which audio will not work.
Some work is planned to support some of the more common `broken'
.Tn CD-ROM
drives; however, this is not yet under way.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /dev/rcd[0-9][a-h] -compact
.It Pa /dev/cd[0-9][a-h]
block mode
.Tn CD-ROM
devices
.It Pa /dev/rcd[0-9][a-h]
raw mode
.Tn CD-ROM
devices
.El
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
None.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr intro 4 ,
.Xr scsi 4 ,
.Xr sd 4 ,
.Xr wd 4 ,
.Xr disklabel 5 ,
.Xr disklabel 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
driver appeared in
.Tn 386BSD 0.1 .
.Sh BUGS
The names of the structures used for the third argument to
.Fn ioctl
were poorly chosen, and a number of spelling errors have survived in
the names of the
.Fn ioctl
commands.