$NetBSD: README,v 1.8 2022/10/26 21:56:19 andvar Exp $
makefs - build a file system image from a directory tree
NOTES:
* This tool uses modified local copies of source found in other
parts of the tree. This is intentional.
* makefs is a work in progress, and subject to change.
user overview:
--------------
makefs creates a file system image from a given directory tree.
the following file system types can be built:
cd9660 ISO 9660 file system
chfs "Chip" file system, for flash devices
ffs BSD fast file system
msdos MS-DOS `FAT' file system (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32)
udf Universal Disk Format file system
v7fs 7th edition(V7) file system
Support for the following file systems maybe be added in the future
ext2fs Linux EXT2 file system
Various file system independent parameters and constraints can be
specified, such as:
- minimum file system size (in KB)
- maximum file system size (in KB)
- free inodes
- free blocks (in KB)
- mtree(8) specification file containing permissions and ownership
to use in image, overriding the settings in the directory tree
- file containing list of files to specifically exclude or include
- fnmatch(3) pattern of filenames to exclude or include
- endianness of target file system
File system specific parameters can be given as well, with a command
line option such as "-o fsspeccific-options,comma-separated".
For example, ffs would allow tuning of:
- block & fragment size
- cylinder groups
- number of blocks per inode
- minimum free space
Other file systems might have controls on how to "munge" file names to
fit within the constraints of the target file system.
Exit codes:
0 all ok
1 fatal error
2 some files couldn't be added during image creation
(bad perms, missing file, etc). image will continue
to be made
Implementation overview:
------------------------
The implementation must allow for easy addition of extra file systems
with minimal changes to the file system independent sections.
The main program will:
- parse the options, including calling fs-specific routines to
validate fs-specific options
- walk the tree, building up a data structure which represents
the tree to stuff into the image. The structure will
probably be a similar tree to what mtree(8) uses internally;
a linked list of entries per directory with a child pointer
to children of directories. ".." won't be stored in the list;
the fs-specific tree walker should add this if required by the fs.
this builder have the smarts to handle hard links correctly.
- (optionally) Change the permissions in the tree according to
the mtree(8) specfile
- Call an fs-specific routine to build the image based on the
data structures.
Each fs-specific module should have the following external interfaces:
prepare_options optional file system specific defaults that need to be
setup before parsing fs-specific options.
parse_options parse the string for fs-specific options, feeding
errors back to the user as appropriate
cleanup_options optional file system specific data that need to be
cleaned up when done with this filesystem.
make_fs take the data structures representing the
directory tree and fs parameters,
validate that the parameters are valid
(e.g, the requested image will be large enough),
create the image, and
populate the image
prepare_options and cleanup_options are optional and can be NULL.
NOTE: All file system specific options are referenced via the fs_specific
pointer from the fsinfo_t strucutre. It is up to the filesystem to allocate
and free any data needed for this via the prepare and cleanup callbacks.
Each fs-specific module will need to add its routines to the dispatch array
in makefs.c and add prototypes for these to makefs.h
All other implementation details should not need to change any of the
generic code.
ffs implementation
------------------
In the ffs case, we can leverage off sbin/newfs/mkfs.c to actually build
the image. When building and populating the image, the implementation
can be greatly simplified if some assumptions are made:
- the total required size (in blocks and inodes) is determined
as part of the validation phase
- a "file" (including a directory) has a known size, so
support for growing a file is not necessary
Two underlying primitives are provided:
make_inode create an inode, returning the inode number
write_file write file (from memory if DIR, file descriptor
if FILE or SYMLINK), referencing given inode.
it is smart enough to know if a short symlink
can be stuffed into the inode, etc.
When creating a directory, the directory entries in the previously
built tree data structure is scanned and built in memory so it can
be written entirely as a single write_file() operation.