Training courses

Kernel and Embedded Linux

Bootlin training courses

Embedded Linux, kernel,
Yocto Project, Buildroot, real-time,
graphics, boot time, debugging...

Bootlin logo

Elixir Cross Referencer

   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
/* tc-vax.c - vax-specific -
   Copyright (C) 1987-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.

   GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
   any later version.

   GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with GAS; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
   Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
   02110-1301, USA.  */

#include "as.h"

#include "vax-inst.h"
#include "obstack.h"		/* For FRAG_APPEND_1_CHAR macro in "frags.h" */
#include "dw2gencfi.h"
#include "subsegs.h"
#include "safe-ctype.h"

#ifdef OBJ_ELF
#include "elf/vax.h"
#endif

/* These chars start a comment anywhere in a source file (except inside
   another comment */
const char comment_chars[] = "#";

/* These chars only start a comment at the beginning of a line.  */
/* Note that for the VAX the are the same as comment_chars above.  */
const char line_comment_chars[] = "#";

const char line_separator_chars[] = ";";

/* Chars that can be used to separate mant from exp in floating point nums.  */
const char EXP_CHARS[] = "eE";

/* Chars that mean this number is a floating point constant
   as in 0f123.456
   or    0H1.234E-12 (see exp chars above).  */
const char FLT_CHARS[] = "dDfFgGhH";

/* Also be aware that MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_CHARS_FOR_FLOAT may have to be
   changed in read.c .  Ideally it shouldn't have to know about it at all,
   but nothing is ideal around here.  */

/* Hold details of an operand expression.  */
static expressionS exp_of_operand[VIT_MAX_OPERANDS];
static segT seg_of_operand[VIT_MAX_OPERANDS];

/* A vax instruction after decoding.  */
static struct vit v;

/* Hold details of big operands.  */
LITTLENUM_TYPE big_operand_bits[VIT_MAX_OPERANDS][SIZE_OF_LARGE_NUMBER];
FLONUM_TYPE float_operand[VIT_MAX_OPERANDS];
/* Above is made to point into big_operand_bits by md_begin().  */

#ifdef OBJ_ELF
#define GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_NAME	"_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_"
#define PROCEDURE_LINKAGE_TABLE_NAME	"_PROCEDURE_LINKAGE_TABLE_"
symbolS *GOT_symbol;		/* Pre-defined "_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_".  */
symbolS *PLT_symbol;		/* Pre-defined "_PROCEDURE_LINKAGE_TABLE_".  */
#endif

int flag_hash_long_names;	/* -+ */
int flag_one;			/* -1 */
int flag_show_after_trunc;	/* -H */
int flag_no_hash_mixed_case;	/* -h NUM */
#ifdef OBJ_ELF
int flag_want_pic;		/* -k */
#endif

/* For VAX, relative addresses of "just the right length" are easy.
   The branch displacement is always the last operand, even in
   synthetic instructions.
   For VAX, we encode the relax_substateTs (in e.g. fr_substate) as:

  		    4       3       2       1       0	     bit number
  	---/ /--+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
  		|     what state ?	|  how long ?	|
  	---/ /--+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

   The "how long" bits are 00=byte, 01=word, 10=long.
   This is a Un*x convention.
   Not all lengths are legit for a given value of (what state).
   The "how long" refers merely to the displacement length.
   The address usually has some constant bytes in it as well.

 groups for VAX address relaxing.

 1.	"foo" pc-relative.
 length of byte, word, long

 2a.	J<cond> where <cond> is a simple flag test.
 length of byte, word, long.
 VAX opcodes are:	(Hex)
 bneq/bnequ	12
 beql/beqlu	13
 bgtr		14
 bleq		15
 bgeq		18
 blss		19
 bgtru		1a
 blequ		1b
 bvc		1c
 bvs		1d
 bgequ/bcc	1e
 blssu/bcs	1f
 Always, you complement 0th bit to reverse condition.
 Always, 1-byte opcode, then 1-byte displacement.

 2b.	J<cond> where cond tests a memory bit.
 length of byte, word, long.
 Vax opcodes are:	(Hex)
 bbs		e0
 bbc		e1
 bbss		e2
 bbcs		e3
 bbsc		e4
 bbcc		e5
 Always, you complement 0th bit to reverse condition.
 Always, 1-byte opcode, longword-address, byte-address, 1-byte-displacement

 2c.	J<cond> where cond tests low-order memory bit
 length of byte,word,long.
 Vax opcodes are:	(Hex)
 blbs		e8
 blbc		e9
 Always, you complement 0th bit to reverse condition.
 Always, 1-byte opcode, longword-address, 1-byte displacement.

 3.	Jbs/Jbr.
 length of byte,word,long.
 Vax opcodes are:	(Hex)
 bsbb		10
 brb		11
 These are like (2) but there is no condition to reverse.
 Always, 1 byte opcode, then displacement/absolute.

 4a.	JacbX
 length of word, long.
 Vax opcodes are:	(Hex)
 acbw		3d
 acbf		4f
 acbd		6f
 abcb		9d
 acbl		f1
 acbg	      4ffd
 acbh	      6ffd
 Always, we cannot reverse the sense of the branch; we have a word
 displacement.
 The double-byte op-codes don't hurt: we never want to modify the
 opcode, so we don't care how many bytes are between the opcode and
 the operand.

 4b.	JXobXXX
 length of long, long, byte.
 Vax opcodes are:	(Hex)
 aoblss		f2
 aobleq		f3
 sobgeq		f4
 sobgtr		f5
 Always, we cannot reverse the sense of the branch; we have a byte
 displacement.

 The only time we need to modify the opcode is for class 2 instructions.
 After relax() we may complement the lowest order bit of such instruction
 to reverse sense of branch.

 For class 2 instructions, we store context of "where is the opcode literal".
 We can change an opcode's lowest order bit without breaking anything else.

 We sometimes store context in the operand literal. This way we can figure out
 after relax() what the original addressing mode was.  */

/* These displacements are relative to the start address of the
   displacement.  The first letter is Byte, Word.  2nd letter is
   Forward, Backward.  */
#define BF (1+ 127)
#define BB (1+-128)
#define WF (2+ 32767)
#define WB (2+-32768)
/* Don't need LF, LB because they always reach. [They are coded as 0.]  */

#define C(a,b) ENCODE_RELAX(a,b)
/* This macro has no side-effects.  */
#define ENCODE_RELAX(what,length) (((what) << 2) + (length))
#define RELAX_STATE(s) ((s) >> 2)
#define RELAX_LENGTH(s) ((s) & 3)

const relax_typeS md_relax_table[] =
{
  {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* error sentinel   0,0	*/
  {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    0,1	*/
  {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    0,2	*/
  {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    0,3	*/

  {BF + 1, BB + 1, 2, C (1, 1)},/* B^"foo"	    1,0 */
  {WF + 1, WB + 1, 3, C (1, 2)},/* W^"foo"	    1,1 */
  {0, 0, 5, 0},			/* L^"foo"	    1,2 */
  {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    1,3 */

  {BF, BB, 1, C (2, 1)},	/* b<cond> B^"foo"  2,0 */
  {WF + 2, WB + 2, 4, C (2, 2)},/* br.+? brw X	    2,1 */
  {0, 0, 7, 0},			/* br.+? jmp X	    2,2 */
  {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    2,3 */

  {BF, BB, 1, C (3, 1)},	/* brb B^foo	    3,0 */
  {WF, WB, 2, C (3, 2)},	/* brw W^foo	    3,1 */
  {0, 0, 5, 0},			/* Jmp L^foo	    3,2 */
  {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    3,3 */

  {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    4,0 */
  {WF, WB, 2, C (4, 2)},	/* acb_ ^Wfoo	    4,1 */
  {0, 0, 10, 0},		/* acb_,br,jmp L^foo4,2 */
  {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    4,3 */

  {BF, BB, 1, C (5, 1)},	/* Xob___,,foo      5,0 */
  {WF + 4, WB + 4, 6, C (5, 2)},/* Xob.+2,brb.+3,brw5,1 */
  {0, 0, 9, 0},			/* Xob.+2,brb.+6,jmp5,2 */
  {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    5,3 */
};

#undef C
#undef BF
#undef BB
#undef WF
#undef WB

void float_cons (int);
int flonum_gen2vax (int, FLONUM_TYPE *, LITTLENUM_TYPE *);

const pseudo_typeS md_pseudo_table[] =
{
  {"dfloat", float_cons, 'd'},
  {"ffloat", float_cons, 'f'},
  {"gfloat", float_cons, 'g'},
  {"hfloat", float_cons, 'h'},
  {"d_floating", float_cons, 'd'},
  {"f_floating", float_cons, 'f'},
  {"g_floating", float_cons, 'g'},
  {"h_floating", float_cons, 'h'},
  {NULL, NULL, 0},
};

#define STATE_PC_RELATIVE		(1)
#define STATE_CONDITIONAL_BRANCH	(2)
#define STATE_ALWAYS_BRANCH		(3)	/* includes BSB...  */
#define STATE_COMPLEX_BRANCH	        (4)
#define STATE_COMPLEX_HOP		(5)

#define STATE_BYTE			(0)
#define STATE_WORD			(1)
#define STATE_LONG			(2)
#define STATE_UNDF			(3)	/* Symbol undefined in pass1.  */

#define min(a, b)	((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))

void
md_number_to_chars (char con[], valueT value, int nbytes)
{
  number_to_chars_littleendian (con, value, nbytes);
}

/* Fix up some data or instructions after we find out the value of a symbol
   that they reference.  */

void				/* Knows about order of bytes in address.  */
md_apply_fix (fixS *fixP, valueT *valueP, segT seg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  valueT value = * valueP;

  if (fixP->fx_subsy != (symbolS *) NULL)
    as_bad_subtract (fixP);

  if (fixP->fx_addsy == NULL)
    fixP->fx_done = 1;

  if (fixP->fx_done)
    number_to_chars_littleendian (fixP->fx_where + fixP->fx_frag->fr_literal,
				  value, fixP->fx_size);
  else
    /* Initialise the part of an instruction frag covered by the
       relocation.  (Many occurrences of frag_more followed by fix_new
       lack any init of the frag.)  Since VAX uses RELA relocs the
       value we write into this field doesn't really matter.  */
    memset (fixP->fx_where + fixP->fx_frag->fr_literal, 0, fixP->fx_size);
}

/* Convert a number from VAX byte order (little endian)
   into host byte order.
   con		is the buffer to convert,
   nbytes	is the length of the given buffer.  */
static long
md_chars_to_number (unsigned char con[], int nbytes)
{
  long retval;

  for (retval = 0, con += nbytes - 1; nbytes--; con--)
    {
      retval <<= BITS_PER_CHAR;
      retval |= *con;
    }
  return retval;
}

/* Copy a bignum from in to out.
   If the output is shorter than the input, copy lower-order
   littlenums.  Return 0 or the number of significant littlenums
   dropped.  Assumes littlenum arrays are densely packed: no unused
   chars between the littlenums. Uses memcpy() to move littlenums, and
   wants to know length (in chars) of the input bignum.  */

static int
bignum_copy (LITTLENUM_TYPE *in,
	     int in_length,	/* in sizeof(littlenum)s */
	     LITTLENUM_TYPE *out,
	     int out_length	/* in sizeof(littlenum)s */)
{
  int significant_littlenums_dropped;

  if (out_length < in_length)
    {
      LITTLENUM_TYPE *p;	/* -> most significant (non-zero) input
				      littlenum.  */

      memcpy ((void *) out, (void *) in,
	      (unsigned int) out_length << LITTLENUM_SHIFT);
      for (p = in + in_length - 1; p >= in; --p)
	{
	  if (*p)
	    break;
	}
      significant_littlenums_dropped = p - in - in_length + 1;

      if (significant_littlenums_dropped < 0)
	significant_littlenums_dropped = 0;
    }
  else
    {
      memcpy ((char *) out, (char *) in,
	      (unsigned int) in_length << LITTLENUM_SHIFT);

      if (out_length > in_length)
	memset ((char *) (out + in_length), '\0',
		(unsigned int) (out_length - in_length) << LITTLENUM_SHIFT);

      significant_littlenums_dropped = 0;
    }

  return significant_littlenums_dropped;
}

/* md_estimate_size_before_relax(), called just before relax().
   Any symbol that is now undefined will not become defined.
   Return the correct fr_subtype in the frag and the growth beyond
   fr_fix.  */
int
md_estimate_size_before_relax (fragS *fragP, segT segment)
{
  if (RELAX_LENGTH (fragP->fr_subtype) == STATE_UNDF)
    {
      if (S_GET_SEGMENT (fragP->fr_symbol) != segment
#ifdef OBJ_ELF
	  || S_IS_WEAK (fragP->fr_symbol)
	  || S_IS_EXTERNAL (fragP->fr_symbol)
#endif
	  )
	{
	  /* Non-relaxable cases.  */
	  int reloc_type = NO_RELOC;
	  char *p;
	  int old_fr_fix;

	  old_fr_fix = fragP->fr_fix;
	  p = &fragP->fr_literal[0] + old_fr_fix;
#ifdef OBJ_ELF
	  /* If this is to an undefined symbol, then if it's an indirect
	     reference indicate that is can mutated into a GLOB_DAT or
	     JUMP_SLOT by the loader.  We restrict ourselves to no offset
	     due to a limitation in the NetBSD linker.  */

	  if (GOT_symbol == NULL)
	    GOT_symbol = symbol_find (GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_NAME);
	  if (PLT_symbol == NULL)
	    PLT_symbol = symbol_find (PROCEDURE_LINKAGE_TABLE_NAME);
	  if ((GOT_symbol == NULL || fragP->fr_symbol != GOT_symbol)
	      && (PLT_symbol == NULL || fragP->fr_symbol != PLT_symbol)
	      && fragP->fr_symbol != NULL
	      && flag_want_pic
#ifdef OBJ_ELF
	      && ELF_ST_VISIBILITY (S_GET_OTHER (fragP->fr_symbol)) != STV_HIDDEN
#endif
	      && (!S_IS_DEFINED (fragP->fr_symbol)
	          || S_IS_WEAK (fragP->fr_symbol)
	          || S_IS_EXTERNAL (fragP->fr_symbol)))
	    {
	      /* Indirect references cannot go through the GOT or PLT,
	         let's hope they'll become local in the final link.  */
	      if ((ELF_ST_VISIBILITY (S_GET_OTHER (fragP->fr_symbol))
		   != STV_DEFAULT)
		  || (p[0] & 0x10))
		reloc_type = BFD_RELOC_32_PCREL;
	      else if (((unsigned char *) fragP->fr_opcode)[0] == VAX_CALLS
		       || ((unsigned char *) fragP->fr_opcode)[0] == VAX_CALLG
		       || ((unsigned char *) fragP->fr_opcode)[0] == VAX_JSB
		       || ((unsigned char *) fragP->fr_opcode)[0] == VAX_JMP
		       || S_IS_FUNCTION (fragP->fr_symbol))
		reloc_type = BFD_RELOC_32_PLT_PCREL;
	      else
		reloc_type = BFD_RELOC_32_GOT_PCREL;
	    }
#endif
	  switch (RELAX_STATE (fragP->fr_subtype))
	    {
	    case STATE_PC_RELATIVE:
	      p[0] |= VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;	/* Preserve @ bit.  */
	      fragP->fr_fix += 1 + 4;
	      fix_new (fragP, old_fr_fix + 1, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
		       fragP->fr_offset, 1, reloc_type);
	      break;

	    case STATE_CONDITIONAL_BRANCH:
	      *fragP->fr_opcode ^= 1;		/* Reverse sense of branch.  */
	      p[0] = 6;
	      p[1] = VAX_JMP;
	      p[2] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;	/* ...(PC) */
	      fragP->fr_fix += 1 + 1 + 1 + 4;
	      fix_new (fragP, old_fr_fix + 3, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
		       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
	      break;

	    case STATE_COMPLEX_BRANCH:
	      p[0] = 2;
	      p[1] = 0;
	      p[2] = VAX_BRB;
	      p[3] = 6;
	      p[4] = VAX_JMP;
	      p[5] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;	/* ...(pc) */
	      fragP->fr_fix += 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 4;
	      fix_new (fragP, old_fr_fix + 6, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
		       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
	      break;

	    case STATE_COMPLEX_HOP:
	      p[0] = 2;
	      p[1] = VAX_BRB;
	      p[2] = 6;
	      p[3] = VAX_JMP;
	      p[4] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;	/* ...(pc) */
	      fragP->fr_fix += 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 4;
	      fix_new (fragP, old_fr_fix + 5, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
		       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
	      break;

	    case STATE_ALWAYS_BRANCH:
	      *fragP->fr_opcode += VAX_WIDEN_LONG;
	      p[0] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;	/* ...(PC) */
	      fragP->fr_fix += 1 + 4;
	      fix_new (fragP, old_fr_fix + 1, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
		       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
	      break;

	    default:
	      abort ();
	    }
	  frag_wane (fragP);

	  /* Return the growth in the fixed part of the frag.  */
	  return fragP->fr_fix - old_fr_fix;
	}

      /* Relaxable cases.  Set up the initial guess for the variable
	 part of the frag.  */
      switch (RELAX_STATE (fragP->fr_subtype))
	{
	case STATE_PC_RELATIVE:
	  fragP->fr_subtype = ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_PC_RELATIVE, STATE_BYTE);
	  break;
	case STATE_CONDITIONAL_BRANCH:
	  fragP->fr_subtype = ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_CONDITIONAL_BRANCH, STATE_BYTE);
	  break;
	case STATE_COMPLEX_BRANCH:
	  fragP->fr_subtype = ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_BRANCH, STATE_WORD);
	  break;
	case STATE_COMPLEX_HOP:
	  fragP->fr_subtype = ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_HOP, STATE_BYTE);
	  break;
	case STATE_ALWAYS_BRANCH:
	  fragP->fr_subtype = ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_ALWAYS_BRANCH, STATE_BYTE);
	  break;
	}
    }

  if (fragP->fr_subtype >= sizeof (md_relax_table) / sizeof (md_relax_table[0]))
    abort ();

  /* Return the size of the variable part of the frag.  */
  return md_relax_table[fragP->fr_subtype].rlx_length;
}

/* Called after relax() is finished.
   In:	Address of frag.
  	fr_type == rs_machine_dependent.
  	fr_subtype is what the address relaxed to.

   Out:	Any fixSs and constants are set up.
  	Caller will turn frag into a ".space 0".  */
void
md_convert_frag (bfd *headers ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
		 segT seg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
		 fragS *fragP)
{
  char *addressP;		/* -> _var to change.  */
  char *opcodeP;		/* -> opcode char(s) to change.  */
  short int extension = 0;	/* Size of relaxed address.  */
  /* Added to fr_fix: incl. ALL var chars.  */
  symbolS *symbolP;
  long where;

  know (fragP->fr_type == rs_machine_dependent);
  where = fragP->fr_fix;
  addressP = &fragP->fr_literal[0] + where;
  opcodeP = fragP->fr_opcode;
  symbolP = fragP->fr_symbol;
  know (symbolP);

  switch (fragP->fr_subtype)
    {
    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_PC_RELATIVE, STATE_BYTE):
      know (*addressP == 0 || *addressP == 0x10);	/* '@' bit.  */
      addressP[0] |= 0xAF;	/* Byte displacement. */
      fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 1, 1, fragP->fr_symbol,
	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
      extension = 2;
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_PC_RELATIVE, STATE_WORD):
      know (*addressP == 0 || *addressP == 0x10);	/* '@' bit.  */
      addressP[0] |= 0xCF;	/* Word displacement. */
      fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 1, 2, fragP->fr_symbol,
	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
      extension = 3;
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_PC_RELATIVE, STATE_LONG):
      know (*addressP == 0 || *addressP == 0x10);	/* '@' bit.  */
      addressP[0] |= 0xEF;	/* Long word displacement. */
      fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 1, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
      extension = 5;
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_CONDITIONAL_BRANCH, STATE_BYTE):
      fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix, 1, fragP->fr_symbol,
	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
      extension = 1;
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_CONDITIONAL_BRANCH, STATE_WORD):
      opcodeP[0] ^= 1;		/* Reverse sense of test.  */
      addressP[0] = 3;
      addressP[1] = VAX_BRW;
      fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 2, 2, fragP->fr_symbol,
	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
      extension = 4;
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_CONDITIONAL_BRANCH, STATE_LONG):
      opcodeP[0] ^= 1;		/* Reverse sense of test.  */
      addressP[0] = 6;
      addressP[1] = VAX_JMP;
      addressP[2] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;
      fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 3, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
      extension = 7;
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_ALWAYS_BRANCH, STATE_BYTE):
      fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix, 1, fragP->fr_symbol,
	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
      extension = 1;
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_ALWAYS_BRANCH, STATE_WORD):
      opcodeP[0] += VAX_WIDEN_WORD;	/* brb -> brw, bsbb -> bsbw */
      fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix, 2, fragP->fr_symbol, fragP->fr_offset,
	       1, NO_RELOC);
      extension = 2;
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_ALWAYS_BRANCH, STATE_LONG):
      opcodeP[0] += VAX_WIDEN_LONG;	/* brb -> jmp, bsbb -> jsb */
      addressP[0] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;
      fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 1, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
      extension = 5;
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_BRANCH, STATE_WORD):
      fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix, 2, fragP->fr_symbol,
	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
      extension = 2;
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_BRANCH, STATE_LONG):
      addressP[0] = 2;
      addressP[1] = 0;
      addressP[2] = VAX_BRB;
      addressP[3] = 6;
      addressP[4] = VAX_JMP;
      addressP[5] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;
      fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 6, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
      extension = 10;
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_HOP, STATE_BYTE):
      fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix, 1, fragP->fr_symbol,
	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
      extension = 1;
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_HOP, STATE_WORD):
      addressP[0] = 2;
      addressP[1] = VAX_BRB;
      addressP[2] = 3;
      addressP[3] = VAX_BRW;
      fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 4, 2, fragP->fr_symbol,
	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
      extension = 6;
      break;

    case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_HOP, STATE_LONG):
      addressP[0] = 2;
      addressP[1] = VAX_BRB;
      addressP[2] = 6;
      addressP[3] = VAX_JMP;
      addressP[4] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;
      fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 5, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
      extension = 9;
      break;

    default:
      BAD_CASE (fragP->fr_subtype);
      break;
    }
  fragP->fr_fix += extension;
}

/* Translate internal format of relocation info into target format.

   On vax: first 4 bytes are normal unsigned long, next three bytes
   are symbolnum, least sig. byte first.  Last byte is broken up with
   the upper nibble as nuthin, bit 3 as extern, bits 2 & 1 as length, and
   bit 0 as pcrel.  */
#ifdef comment
void
md_ri_to_chars (char *the_bytes, struct reloc_info_generic ri)
{
  /* This is easy.  */
  md_number_to_chars (the_bytes, ri.r_address, sizeof (ri.r_address));
  /* Now the fun stuff.  */
  the_bytes[6] = (ri.r_symbolnum >> 16) & 0x0ff;
  the_bytes[5] = (ri.r_symbolnum >> 8) & 0x0ff;
  the_bytes[4] = ri.r_symbolnum & 0x0ff;
  the_bytes[7] = (((ri.r_extern << 3) & 0x08) | ((ri.r_length << 1) & 0x06)
		  | ((ri.r_pcrel << 0) & 0x01)) & 0x0F;
}

#endif /* comment */

/*       BUGS, GRIPES,  APOLOGIA, etc.

   The opcode table 'votstrs' needs to be sorted on opcode frequency.
   That is, AFTER we hash it with hash_...(), we want most-used opcodes
   to come out of the hash table faster.

   I am sorry to inflict yet another VAX assembler on the world, but
   RMS says we must do everything from scratch, to prevent pin-heads
   restricting this software.

   This is a vaguely modular set of routines in C to parse VAX
   assembly code using DEC mnemonics. It is NOT un*x specific.

   The idea here is that the assembler has taken care of all:
     labels
     macros
     listing
     pseudo-ops
     line continuation
     comments
     condensing any whitespace down to exactly one space
   and all we have to do is parse 1 line into a vax instruction
   partially formed. We will accept a line, and deliver:
     an error message (hopefully empty)
     a skeleton VAX instruction (tree structure)
     textual pointers to all the operand expressions
     a warning message that notes a silly operand (hopefully empty)

  		E D I T   H I S T O R Y

   17may86 Dean Elsner. Bug if line ends immediately after opcode.
   30apr86 Dean Elsner. New vip_op() uses arg block so change call.
    6jan86 Dean Elsner. Crock vip_begin() to call vip_op_defaults().
    2jan86 Dean Elsner. Invent synthetic opcodes.
  	Widen vax_opcodeT to 32 bits. Use a bit for VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC,
  	which means this is not a real opcode, it is like a macro; it will
  	be relax()ed into 1 or more instructions.
  	Use another bit for VIT_OPCODE_SPECIAL if the op-code is not optimised
  	like a regular branch instruction. Option added to vip_begin():
  	exclude	synthetic opcodes. Invent synthetic_votstrs[].
   31dec85 Dean Elsner. Invent vit_opcode_nbytes.
  	Also make vit_opcode into a char[]. We now have n-byte vax opcodes,
  	so caller's don't have to know the difference between a 1-byte & a
  	2-byte op-code. Still need vax_opcodeT concept, so we know how
  	big an object must be to hold an op.code.
   30dec85 Dean Elsner. Widen typedef vax_opcodeT in "vax-inst.h"
  	because vax opcodes may be 16 bits. Our crufty C compiler was
  	happily initialising 8-bit vot_codes with 16-bit numbers!
  	(Wouldn't the 'phone company like to compress data so easily!)
   29dec85 Dean Elsner. New static table vax_operand_width_size[].
  	Invented so we know hw many bytes a "I^#42" needs in its immediate
  	operand. Revised struct vop in "vax-inst.h": explicitly include
  	byte length of each operand, and it's letter-code datum type.
   17nov85 Dean Elsner. Name Change.
  	Due to ar(1) truncating names, we learned the hard way that
  	"vax-inst-parse.c" -> "vax-inst-parse." dropping the "o" off
  	the archived object name. SO... we shortened the name of this
  	source file, and changed the makefile.  */

/* Handle of the OPCODE hash table.  */
static htab_t op_hash;

/* In:	1 character, from "bdfghloqpw" being the data-type of an operand
  	of a vax instruction.

   Out:	the length of an operand of that type, in bytes.
  	Special branch operands types "-?!" have length 0.  */

static const short int vax_operand_width_size[256] =
{
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 1, 0, 8, 0, 4, 8, 16, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0,16,	/* ..b.d.fgh...l..o  */
  0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,	/* .q.....w........  */
  0, 0, 1, 0, 8, 0, 4, 8, 16, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0,16,	/* ..b.d.fgh...l..o  */
  0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,	/* .q.....w........  */
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
};

/* This perversion encodes all the vax opcodes as a bunch of strings.
   RMS says we should build our hash-table at run-time. Hmm.
   Please would someone arrange these in decreasing frequency of opcode?
   Because of the way hash_...() works, the most frequently used opcode
   should be textually first and so on.

   Input for this table was 'vax.opcodes', awk(1)ed by 'vax.opcodes.c.awk' .
   So change 'vax.opcodes', then re-generate this table.  */

#include "opcode/vax.h"

/* This is a table of optional op-codes. All of them represent
   'synthetic' instructions that seem popular.

   Here we make some pseudo op-codes. Every code has a bit set to say
   it is synthetic. This lets you catch them if you want to
   ban these opcodes. They are mnemonics for "elastic" instructions
   that are supposed to assemble into the fewest bytes needed to do a
   branch, or to do a conditional branch, or whatever.

   The opcode is in the usual place [low-order n*8 bits]. This means
   that if you mask off the bucky bits, the usual rules apply about
   how long the opcode is.

   All VAX branch displacements come at the end of the instruction.
   For simple branches (1-byte opcode + 1-byte displacement) the last
   operand is coded 'b?' where the "data type" '?' is a clue that we
   may reverse the sense of the branch (complement lowest order bit)
   and branch around a jump. This is by far the most common case.
   That is why the VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC bit is set: it says this is
   a 0-byte op-code followed by 2 or more bytes of operand address.

   If the op-code has VIT_OPCODE_SPECIAL set, then we have a more unusual
   case.

   For JBSB & JBR the treatment is the similar, except (1) we have a 'bw'
   option before (2) we can directly JSB/JMP because there is no condition.
   These operands have 'b-' as their access/data type.

   That leaves a bunch of random opcodes: JACBx, JxOBxxx. In these
   cases, we do the same idea. JACBxxx are all marked with a 'b!'
   JAOBxxx & JSOBxxx are marked with a 'b:'.  */
#if (VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC != 0x80000000)
#error "You have just broken the encoding below, which assumes the sign bit means 'I am an imaginary instruction'."
#endif

#if (VIT_OPCODE_SPECIAL != 0x40000000)
#error "You have just broken the encoding below, which assumes the 0x40 M bit means 'I am not to be "optimised" the way normal branches are'."
#endif

static const struct vot
  synthetic_votstrs[] =
{
  {"jbsb",	{"b-", 0xC0000010}},		/* BSD 4.2 */
/* jsb used already */
  {"jbr",	{"b-", 0xC0000011}},		/* BSD 4.2 */
  {"jr",	{"b-", 0xC0000011}},		/* consistent */
  {"jneq",	{"b?", 0x80000012}},
  {"jnequ",	{"b?", 0x80000012}},
  {"jeql",	{"b?", 0x80000013}},
  {"jeqlu",	{"b?", 0x80000013}},
  {"jgtr",	{"b?", 0x80000014}},
  {"jleq",	{"b?", 0x80000015}},
/* un-used opcodes here */
  {"jgeq",	{"b?", 0x80000018}},
  {"jlss",	{"b?", 0x80000019}},
  {"jgtru",	{"b?", 0x8000001a}},
  {"jlequ",	{"b?", 0x8000001b}},
  {"jvc",	{"b?", 0x8000001c}},
  {"jvs",	{"b?", 0x8000001d}},
  {"jgequ",	{"b?", 0x8000001e}},
  {"jcc",	{"b?", 0x8000001e}},
  {"jlssu",	{"b?", 0x8000001f}},
  {"jcs",	{"b?", 0x8000001f}},

  {"jacbw",	{"rwrwmwb!", 0xC000003d}},
  {"jacbf",	{"rfrfmfb!", 0xC000004f}},
  {"jacbd",	{"rdrdmdb!", 0xC000006f}},
  {"jacbb",	{"rbrbmbb!", 0xC000009d}},
  {"jacbl",	{"rlrlmlb!", 0xC00000f1}},
  {"jacbg",	{"rgrgmgb!", 0xC0004ffd}},
  {"jacbh",	{"rhrhmhb!", 0xC0006ffd}},

  {"jbs",	{"rlvbb?", 0x800000e0}},
  {"jbc",	{"rlvbb?", 0x800000e1}},
  {"jbss",	{"rlvbb?", 0x800000e2}},
  {"jbcs",	{"rlvbb?", 0x800000e3}},
  {"jbsc",	{"rlvbb?", 0x800000e4}},
  {"jbcc",	{"rlvbb?", 0x800000e5}},
  {"jbssi",	{"rlvbb?", 0x800000e6}},
  {"jbcci",	{"rlvbb?", 0x800000e7}},
  {"jlbs",	{"rlb?", 0x800000e8}},
  {"jlbc",	{"rlb?", 0x800000e9}},

  {"jaoblss",	{"rlmlb:", 0xC00000f2}},
  {"jaobleq",	{"rlmlb:", 0xC00000f3}},
  {"jsobgeq",	{"mlb:", 0xC00000f4}},
  {"jsobgtr",	{"mlb:", 0xC00000f5}},

/* CASEx has no branch addresses in our conception of it.  */
/* You should use ".word ..." statements after the "case ...".  */

  {"",		{"", 0}}	/* Empty is end sentinel.  */
};

/* Because this module is useful for both VMS and UN*X style assemblers
   and because of the variety of UN*X assemblers we must recognise
   the different conventions for assembler operand notation. For example
   VMS says "#42" for immediate mode, while most UN*X say "$42".
   We permit arbitrary sets of (single) characters to represent the
   3 concepts that DEC writes '#', '@', '^'.  */

/* Character tests.  */
#define VIP_IMMEDIATE 01	/* Character is like DEC # */
#define VIP_INDIRECT  02	/* Char is like DEC @ */
#define VIP_DISPLEN   04	/* Char is like DEC ^ */

#define IMMEDIATEP(c)	(vip_metacharacters [(c) & 0xff] & VIP_IMMEDIATE)
#define INDIRECTP(c)	(vip_metacharacters [(c) & 0xff] & VIP_INDIRECT)
#define DISPLENP(c)	(vip_metacharacters [(c) & 0xff] & VIP_DISPLEN)

/* We assume 8 bits per byte. Use vip_op_defaults() to set these up BEFORE we
   are ever called.  */

#if defined(CONST_TABLE)
#define _ 0,
#define I VIP_IMMEDIATE,
#define S VIP_INDIRECT,
#define D VIP_DISPLEN,
static const char
vip_metacharacters[256] =
{
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _	/* ^@ ^A ^B ^C ^D ^E ^F ^G ^H ^I ^J ^K ^L ^M ^N ^O*/
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _	/* ^P ^Q ^R ^S ^T ^U ^V ^W ^X ^Y ^Z ^[ ^\ ^] ^^ ^_ */
  _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ S _ _ _ _ _	/* sp !  "  #  $  %  & '  (  )  *  +  ,  -  .  / */
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _	/*0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  :  ;  <  =  >  ?*/
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _	/*@  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O*/
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _	/*P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z  [  \  ]  ^  _*/
  D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _	/*`  a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  i  j  k  l  m  n  o*/
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _	/*p  q  r  s  t  u  v  w  x  y  z  {  |  }  ~  ^?*/

  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
};
#undef _
#undef I
#undef S
#undef D

#else

static char vip_metacharacters[256];

static void
vip_op_1 (int bit, const char *syms)
{
  unsigned char t;

  while ((t = *syms++) != 0)
    vip_metacharacters[t] |= bit;
}

/* Can be called any time.  More arguments may appear in future.  */
static void
vip_op_defaults (const char *immediate, const char *indirect, const char *displen)
{
  vip_op_1 (VIP_IMMEDIATE, immediate);
  vip_op_1 (VIP_INDIRECT, indirect);
  vip_op_1 (VIP_DISPLEN, displen);
}

#endif

/* Call me once before you decode any lines.
   I decode votstrs into a hash table at op_hash (which I create).
   I return an error text or null.
   If you want, I will include the 'synthetic' jXXX instructions in the
   instruction table.
   You must nominate metacharacters for eg DEC's "#", "@", "^".  */

static void
vip_begin (int synthetic_too,		/* 1 means include jXXX op-codes.  */
	   const char *immediate,
	   const char *indirect,
	   const char *displen)
{
  const struct vot *vP;		/* scan votstrs */

  op_hash = str_htab_create ();

  for (vP = votstrs; *vP->vot_name; vP++)
    if (str_hash_insert (op_hash, vP->vot_name, &vP->vot_detail, 0) != NULL)
      as_fatal (_("duplicate %s"), vP->vot_name);

  if (synthetic_too)
    for (vP = synthetic_votstrs; *vP->vot_name; vP++)
      if (str_hash_insert (op_hash, vP->vot_name, &vP->vot_detail, 0) != NULL)
	as_fatal (_("duplicate %s"), vP->vot_name);

#ifndef CONST_TABLE
  vip_op_defaults (immediate, indirect, displen);
#endif
}

/* Take 3 char.s, the last of which may be `\0` (non-existent)
   and return the VAX register number that they represent.

   Return -1 if they don't form a register name. Good names return
   a number from 0:15 inclusive.

   Case is not important in a name.

   Register names understood are:

  	R0
  	R1
  	R2
  	R3
  	R4
  	R5
  	R6
   	R7
  	R8
  	R9
  	R10
  	R11
  	R12	AP
  	R13	FP
  	R14	SP
  	R15	PC  */

#define AP 12
#define FP 13
#define SP 14
#define PC 15

/* Returns the register number of something like '%r15' or 'ap', supplied
   in four single chars. Returns -1 if the register isn't recognized,
   0..15 otherwise.  */
static int
vax_reg_parse (char c1, char c2, char c3, char c4)
{
  int retval = -1;

#ifdef OBJ_ELF
  if (c1 != '%')	/* Register prefixes are mandatory for ELF.  */
    return retval;
  c1 = c2;
  c2 = c3;
  c3 = c4;
#endif
#ifdef OBJ_VMS
  if (c4 != 0)		/* Register prefixes are not allowed under VMS.  */
    return retval;
#endif
#ifdef OBJ_AOUT
  if (c1 == '%')	/* Register prefixes are optional under a.out.  */
    {
      c1 = c2;
      c2 = c3;
      c3 = c4;
    }
  else if (c3 && c4)	/* Can't be 4 characters long.  */
    return retval;
#endif

  c1 = TOLOWER (c1);
  c2 = TOLOWER (c2);
  if (ISDIGIT (c2) && c1 == 'r')
    {
      retval = c2 - '0';
      if (ISDIGIT (c3))
	{
	  retval = retval * 10 + c3 - '0';
	  retval = (retval > 15) ? -1 : retval;
	  /* clamp the register value to 1 hex digit */
	}
      else if (c3)
	retval = -1;		/* c3 must be '\0' or a digit.  */
    }
  else if (c3)			/* There are no three letter regs.  */
    retval = -1;
  else if (c2 == 'p')
    {
      switch (c1)
	{
	case 's':
	  retval = SP;
	  break;
	case 'f':
	  retval = FP;
	  break;
	case 'a':
	  retval = AP;
	  break;
	default:
	  retval = -1;
	}
    }
  else if (c1 == 'p' && c2 == 'c')
    retval = PC;
  else
    retval = -1;
  return retval;
}

#ifdef OBJ_AOUT
#ifndef BFD_ASSEMBLER
void
tc_aout_fix_to_chars (where, fixP, segment_address_in_file)
     char *where;
     fixS *fixP;
     relax_addressT segment_address_in_file;
{
  /*
   * In: length of relocation (or of address) in chars: 1, 2 or 4.
   * Out: GNU LD relocation length code: 0, 1, or 2.
   */

  static const unsigned char nbytes_r_length[] = {42, 0, 1, 42, 2};
  int r_symbolnum;
  int r_flags;

  know (fixP->fx_addsy != NULL);

  md_number_to_chars (where,
       fixP->fx_frag->fr_address + fixP->fx_where - segment_address_in_file,
		      4);

  r_symbolnum = (S_IS_DEFINED (fixP->fx_addsy)
		 ? S_GET_TYPE (fixP->fx_addsy)
		 : fixP->fx_addsy->sy_number);
  r_flags = (fixP->fx_pcrel ? 1 : 0)
      | (!S_IS_DEFINED (fixP->fx_addsy) ? 8 : 0)	/* extern */
      | ((nbytes_r_length[fixP->fx_size] & 3) << 1);

#if 0
  r_flags |= ((!S_IS_DEFINED(fixP->fx_addsy)
      && fixP->fx_pcrel
      && fixP->fx_addsy != GOT_symbol
      && fixP->fx_addsy != PLT_symbol
      && flags_want_pic) ? 0x10 : 0);
#endif
	
  switch (fixP->fx_r_type) {
	case NO_RELOC:
		break;
	case NO_RELOC2:
		if (r_flags & 8)
		    r_flags |= 0x80;		/* setting the copy bit */
						/*   says we can convert */
						/*   to gotslot if needed */
		break;
	case RELOC_32:
		if (flag_want_pic && S_IS_EXTERNAL(fixP->fx_addsy)) {
			r_symbolnum = fixP->fx_addsy->sy_number;  
			r_flags |= 8;		/* set extern bit */
		}
		break;
	case RELOC_JMP_SLOT:
		if (flag_want_pic) {
			r_flags |= 0x20;	/* set jmptable */
			r_flags &= ~0x08;	/* clear extern bit */
		}
		break;
	case RELOC_JMP_TBL:
		if (flag_want_pic) {
			r_flags |= 0x20;	/* set jmptable */
			r_flags |= 0x08;	/* set extern bit */
		}
		break;
	case RELOC_GLOB_DAT:
		if (flag_want_pic) {
			r_flags |= 0x10;	/* set baserel bit */
			r_symbolnum = fixP->fx_addsy->sy_number;
			if (S_IS_EXTERNAL(fixP->fx_addsy))
				r_flags |= 8;	/* set extern bit */
		}
		break;
  }

  where[4] = (r_symbolnum >>  0) & 0xff;
  where[5] = (r_symbolnum >>  8) & 0xff;
  where[6] = (r_symbolnum >> 16) & 0xff;
  where[7] = r_flags;
}
#endif /* !BFD_ASSEMBLER */
#endif /* OBJ_AOUT */

/*
 *       BUGS, GRIPES,  APOLOGIA, etc.
 *
 * The opcode table 'votstrs' needs to be sorted on opcode frequency.
 * That is, AFTER we hash it with hash_...(), we want most-used opcodes
 * to come out of the hash table faster.
 *
 * I am sorry to inflict yet another VAX assembler on the world, but
 * RMS says we must do everything from scratch, to prevent pin-heads
 * restricting this software.
 */

/*
 * This is a vaguely modular set of routines in C to parse VAX
 * assembly code using DEC mnemonics. It is NOT un*x specific.
 *
 * The idea here is that the assembler has taken care of all:
 *   labels
 *   macros
 *   listing
 *   pseudo-ops
 *   line continuation
 *   comments
 *   condensing any whitespace down to exactly one space
 * and all we have to do is parse 1 line into a vax instruction
 * partially formed. We will accept a line, and deliver:
 *   an error message (hopefully empty)
 *   a skeleton VAX instruction (tree structure)
 *   textual pointers to all the operand expressions
 *   a warning message that notes a silly operand (hopefully empty)
 */

/*
 *		E D I T   H I S T O R Y
 *
 * 17may86 Dean Elsner. Bug if line ends immediately after opcode.
 * 30apr86 Dean Elsner. New vip_op() uses arg block so change call.
 *  6jan86 Dean Elsner. Crock vip_begin() to call vip_op_defaults().
 *  2jan86 Dean Elsner. Invent synthetic opcodes.
 *	Widen vax_opcodeT to 32 bits. Use a bit for VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC,
 *	which means this is not a real opcode, it is like a macro; it will
 *	be relax()ed into 1 or more instructions.
 *	Use another bit for VIT_OPCODE_SPECIAL if the op-code is not optimised
 *	like a regular branch instruction. Option added to vip_begin():
 *	exclude	synthetic opcodes. Invent synthetic_votstrs[].
 * 31dec85 Dean Elsner. Invent vit_opcode_nbytes.
 *	Also make vit_opcode into a char[]. We now have n-byte vax opcodes,
 *	so caller's don't have to know the difference between a 1-byte & a
 *	2-byte op-code. Still need vax_opcodeT concept, so we know how
 *	big an object must be to hold an op.code.
 * 30dec85 Dean Elsner. Widen typedef vax_opcodeT in "vax-inst.h"
 *	because vax opcodes may be 16 bits. Our crufty C compiler was
 *	happily initialising 8-bit vot_codes with 16-bit numbers!
 *	(Wouldn't the 'phone company like to compress data so easily!)
 * 29dec85 Dean Elsner. New static table vax_operand_width_size[].
 *	Invented so we know hw many bytes a "I^#42" needs in its immediate
 *	operand. Revised struct vop in "vax-inst.h": explicitly include
 *	byte length of each operand, and it's letter-code datum type.
 * 17nov85 Dean Elsner. Name Change.
 *	Due to ar(1) truncating names, we learned the hard way that
 *	"vax-inst-parse.c" -> "vax-inst-parse." dropping the "o" off
 *	the archived object name. SO... we shortened the name of this
 *	source file, and changed the makefile.
 */

/* Parse a vax operand in DEC assembler notation.
   For speed, expect a string of whitespace to be reduced to a single ' '.
   This is the case for GNU AS, and is easy for other DEC-compatible
   assemblers.

   Knowledge about DEC VAX assembler operand notation lives here.
   This doesn't even know what a register name is, except it believes
   all register names are 2 or 3 characters, and lets vax_reg_parse() say
   what number each name represents.
   It does, however, know that PC, SP etc are special registers so it can
   detect addressing modes that are silly for those registers.

   Where possible, it delivers 1 fatal or 1 warning message if the operand
   is suspect. Exactly what we test for is still evolving.

   ---
  	Arg block.

   There were a number of 'mismatched argument type' bugs to vip_op.
   The most general solution is to typedef each (of many) arguments.
   We used instead a typedef'd argument block. This is less modular
   than using separate return pointers for each result, but runs faster
   on most engines, and seems to keep programmers happy. It will have
   to be done properly if we ever want to use vip_op as a general-purpose
   module (it was designed to be).

 	G^

   Doesn't support DEC "G^" format operands. These always take 5 bytes
   to express, and code as modes 8F or 9F. Reason: "G^" deprives you of
   optimising to (say) a "B^" if you are lucky in the way you link.
   When someone builds a linker smart enough to convert "G^" to "B^", "W^"
   whenever possible, then we should implement it.
   If there is some other use for "G^", feel free to code it in!

  	speed

   If I nested if()s more, I could avoid testing (*err) which would save
   time, space and page faults. I didn't nest all those if()s for clarity
   and because I think the mode testing can be re-arranged 1st to test the
   commoner constructs 1st. Does anybody have statistics on this?

  	error messages

   In future, we should be able to 'compose' error messages in a scratch area
   and give the user MUCH more informative error messages. Although this takes
   a little more code at run-time, it will make this module much more self-
   documenting. As an example of what sucks now: most error messages have
   hardwired into them the DEC VAX metacharacters "#^@" which are nothing like
   the Un*x characters "$`*", that most users will expect from this AS.

   ----

   The input is a string, ending with '\0'.

   We also require a 'hint' of what kind of operand is expected: so
   we can remind caller not to write into literals for instance.

   The output is a skeletal instruction.

   The algorithm has two parts.
   1. extract the syntactic features (parse off all the @^#-()+[] mode crud);
   2. express the @^#-()+[] as some parameters suited to further analysis.

   2nd step is where we detect the googles of possible invalid combinations
   a human (or compiler) might write. Note that if we do a half-way
   decent assembler, we don't know how long to make (eg) displacement
   fields when we first meet them (because they may not have defined values).
   So we must wait until we know how many bits are needed for each address,
   then we can know both length and opcodes of instructions.
   For reason(s) above, we will pass to our caller a 'broken' instruction
   of these major components, from which our caller can generate instructions:
    -  displacement length      I^ S^ L^ B^ W^ unspecified
    -  mode                     (many)
    -  register                 R0-R15 or absent
    -  index register           R0-R15 or absent
    -  expression text          what we don't parse
    -  error text(s)            why we couldn't understand the operand

   ----

   To decode output of this, test errtxt. If errtxt[0] == '\0', then
   we had no errors that prevented parsing. Also, if we ever report
   an internal bug, errtxt[0] is set non-zero. So one test tells you
   if the other outputs are to be taken seriously.

   ----

   Dec defines the semantics of address modes (and values)
   by a two-letter code, explained here.

     letter 1:   access type

       a         address calculation - no data access, registers forbidden
       b         branch displacement
       m         read - let go of bus - write back    "modify"
       r         read
       v         bit field address: like 'a' but registers are OK
       w         write
       space	 no operator (eg ".long foo") [our convention]

     letter 2:   data type (i.e. width, alignment)

       b         byte
       d         double precision floating point (D format)
       f         single precision floating point (F format)
       g         G format floating
       h         H format floating
       l         longword
       o         octaword
       q         quadword
       w         word
       ?	 simple synthetic branch operand
       -	 unconditional synthetic JSB/JSR operand
       !	 complex synthetic branch operand

   The '-?!' letter 2's are not for external consumption. They are used
   for various assemblers. Generally, all unknown widths are assumed 0.
   We don't limit your choice of width character.

   DEC operands are hard work to parse. For example, '@' as the first
   character means indirect (deferred) mode but elsewhere it is a shift
   operator.
   The long-winded explanation of how this is supposed to work is
   cancelled. Read a DEC vax manual.
   We try hard not to parse anything that MIGHT be part of the expression
   buried in that syntax. For example if we see @...(Rn) we don't check
   for '-' before the '(' because mode @-(Rn) does not exist.

   After parsing we have:

   at                     1 if leading '@' (or Un*x '*')
   len                    takes one value from " bilsw". eg B^ -> 'b'.
   hash                   1 if leading '#' (or Un*x '$')
   expr_begin, expr_end   the expression we did not parse
                          even though we don't interpret it, we make use
                          of its presence or absence.
   sign                   -1: -(Rn)    0: absent    +1: (Rn)+
   paren                  1 if () are around register
   reg                    major register number 0:15    -1 means absent
   ndx                    index register number 0:15    -1 means absent

   Again, I dare not explain it: just trace ALL the code!

   Summary of vip_op outputs.

  mode	reg	len	ndx
  (Rn) => @Rn
  {@}Rn			5+@	n	' '	optional
  branch operand		0	-1	' '	-1
  S^#foo			0	-1	's'	-1
  -(Rn)			7	n	' '	optional
  {@}(Rn)+		8+@	n	' '	optional
  {@}#foo, no S^		8+@	PC	" i"	optional
  {@}{q^}{(Rn)}		10+@+q	option	" bwl"	optional  */

/* Dissect user-input 'optext' (which is something like "@B^foo@bar(AP)[FP]:")
   using the vop in vopP. vopP's vop_access and vop_width. We fill _ndx, _reg,
   _mode, _short, _warn, _error, _expr_begin, _expr_end and _nbytes.  */

static void
vip_op (char *optext, struct vop *vopP)
{
  /* Track operand text forward.  */
  char *p;
  /* Track operand text backward.  */
  char *q;
  /* 1 if leading '@' ('*') seen.  */
  int at;
  /* one of " bilsw" */
  char len;
  /* 1 if leading '#' ('$') seen.  */
  int hash;
  /* -1, 0 or +1.  */
  int sign = 0;
  /* 1 if () surround register.  */
  int paren = 0;
  /* Register number, -1:absent.  */
  int reg = 0;
  /* Index register number -1:absent.  */
  int ndx = 0;
  /* Report illegal operand, ""==OK.  */
  /* " " is a FAKE error: means we won.  */
  /* ANY err that begins with ' ' is a fake.  */
  /* " " is converted to "" before return.  */
  const char *err;
  /* Warn about weird modes pf address.  */
  const char *wrn;
  /* Preserve q in case we backup.  */
  char *oldq = NULL;
  /* Build up 4-bit operand mode here.  */
  /* Note: index mode is in ndx, this is.  */
  /* The major mode of operand address.  */
  int mode = 0;
  /* Notice how we move wrong-arg-type bugs INSIDE this module: if we
     get the types wrong below, we lose at compile time rather than at
     lint or run time.  */
  char access_mode;		/* vop_access.  */

  access_mode = vopP->vop_access;
  /* None of our code bugs (yet), no user text errors, no warnings
     even.  */
  err = wrn = 0;

  p = optext;

  if (*p == ' ')		/* Expect all whitespace reduced to ' '.  */
    p++;			/* skip over whitespace */

  if ((at = INDIRECTP (*p)) != 0)
    {				/* 1 if *p=='@'(or '*' for Un*x) */
      p++;			/* at is determined */
      if (*p == ' ')		/* Expect all whitespace reduced to ' '.  */
	p++;			/* skip over whitespace */
    }

  /* This code is subtle. It tries to detect all legal (letter)'^'
     but it doesn't waste time explicitly testing for premature '\0' because
     this case is rejected as a mismatch against either (letter) or '^'.  */
  {
    char c;

    c = *p;
    c = TOLOWER (c);
    if (DISPLENP (p[1]) && strchr ("bilws", len = c))
      p += 2;			/* Skip (letter) '^'.  */
    else			/* No (letter) '^' seen.  */
      len = ' ';		/* Len is determined.  */
  }

  if (*p == ' ')		/* Expect all whitespace reduced to ' '.  */
    p++;

  if ((hash = IMMEDIATEP (*p)) != 0)	/* 1 if *p=='#' ('$' for Un*x) */
    p++;			/* Hash is determined.  */

  /* p points to what may be the beginning of an expression.
     We have peeled off the front all that is peelable.
     We know at, len, hash.

     Lets point q at the end of the text and parse that (backwards).  */

  for (q = p; *q; q++)
    ;
  q--;				/* Now q points at last char of text.  */

  if (*q == ' ' && q >= p)	/* Expect all whitespace reduced to ' '.  */
    q--;

  /* Reverse over whitespace, but don't.  */
  /* Run back over *p.  */

  /* As a matter of policy here, we look for [Rn], although both Rn and S^#
     forbid [Rn]. This is because it is easy, and because only a sick
     cyborg would have [...] trailing an expression in a VAX-like assembler.
     A meticulous parser would first check for Rn followed by '(' or '['
     and not parse a trailing ']' if it found another. We just ban expressions
     ending in ']'.  */
  if (*q == ']')
    {
      while (q >= p && *q != '[')
	q--;
      /* Either q<p or we got matching '['.  */
      if (q < p)
	err = _("no '[' to match ']'");
      else
	{
	  /* Confusers like "[]" will eventually lose with a bad register
	   * name error. So again we don't need to check for early '\0'.  */
	  if (q[3] == ']')
	    ndx = vax_reg_parse (q[1], q[2], 0, 0);
	  else if (q[4] == ']')
	    ndx = vax_reg_parse (q[1], q[2], q[3], 0);
	  else if (q[5] == ']')
	    ndx = vax_reg_parse (q[1], q[2], q[3], q[4]);
	  else
	    ndx = -1;
	  /* Since we saw a ']' we will demand a register name in the [].
	   * If luser hasn't given us one: be rude.  */
	  if (ndx < 0)
	    err = _("bad register in []");
	  else if (ndx == PC)
	    err = _("[PC] index banned");
	  else
	    /* Point q just before "[...]".  */
	    q--;
	}
    }
  else
    /* No ']', so no iNDeX register.  */
    ndx = -1;

  /* If err = "..." then we lost: run away.
     Otherwise ndx == -1 if there was no "[...]".
     Otherwise, ndx is index register number, and q points before "[...]".  */

  if (*q == ' ' && q >= p)	/* Expect all whitespace reduced to ' '.  */
    q--;
  /* Reverse over whitespace, but don't.  */
  /* Run back over *p.  */
  if (!err || !*err)
    {
      /* no ()+ or -() seen yet */
      sign = 0;

      if (q > p + 3 && *q == '+' && q[-1] == ')')
	{
	  sign = 1;		/* we saw a ")+" */
	  q--;			/* q points to ')' */
	}

      if (*q == ')' && q > p + 2)
	{
	  paren = 1;		/* assume we have "(...)" */
	  while (q >= p && *q != '(')
	    q--;
	  /* either q<p or we got matching '(' */
	  if (q < p)
	    err = _("no '(' to match ')'");
	  else
	    {
	      /* Confusers like "()" will eventually lose with a bad register
	         name error. So again we don't need to check for early '\0'.  */
	      if (q[3] == ')')
		reg = vax_reg_parse (q[1], q[2], 0, 0);
	      else if (q[4] == ')')
		reg = vax_reg_parse (q[1], q[2], q[3], 0);
	      else if (q[5] == ')')
		reg = vax_reg_parse (q[1], q[2], q[3], q[4]);
	      else
		reg = -1;
	      /* Since we saw a ')' we will demand a register name in the ')'.
	         This is nasty: why can't our hypothetical assembler permit
	         parenthesised expressions? BECAUSE I AM LAZY! That is why.
	         Abuse luser if we didn't spy a register name.  */
	      if (reg < 0)
		{
		  /* JF allow parenthesized expressions.  I hope this works.  */
		  paren = 0;
		  while (*q != ')')
		    q++;
		  /* err = "unknown register in ()"; */
		}
	      else
		q--;		/* point just before '(' of "(...)" */
	      /* If err == "..." then we lost. Run away.
	         Otherwise if reg >= 0 then we saw (Rn).  */
	    }
	  /* If err == "..." then we lost.
	     Otherwise paren==1 and reg = register in "()".  */
	}
      else
	paren = 0;
      /* If err == "..." then we lost.
         Otherwise, q points just before "(Rn)", if any.
         If there was a "(...)" then paren==1, and reg is the register.  */

      /* We should only seek '-' of "-(...)" if:
           we saw "(...)"                    paren == 1
           we have no errors so far          ! *err
           we did not see '+' of "(...)+"    sign < 1
         We don't check len. We want a specific error message later if
         user tries "x^...-(Rn)". This is a feature not a bug.  */
      if (!err || !*err)
	{
	  if (paren && sign < 1)/* !sign is adequate test */
	    {
	      if (*q == '-')
		{
		  sign = -1;
		  q--;
		}
	    }
	  /* We have back-tracked over most
	     of the crud at the end of an operand.
	     Unless err, we know: sign, paren. If paren, we know reg.
	     The last case is of an expression "Rn".
	     This is worth hunting for if !err, !paren.
	     We wouldn't be here if err.
	     We remember to save q, in case we didn't want "Rn" anyway.  */
	  if (!paren)
	    {
	      if (*q == ' ' && q >= p)	/* Expect all whitespace reduced to ' '.  */
		q--;
	      /* Reverse over whitespace, but don't.  */
	      /* Run back over *p.  */
	      /* Room for Rn or Rnn (include prefix) exactly?  */
	      if (q > p && q < p + 4)
		reg = vax_reg_parse (p[0], p[1],
		  q < p + 2 ? 0 : p[2],
		  q < p + 3 ? 0 : p[3]);
	      else
		reg = -1;	/* Always comes here if no register at all.  */
	      /* Here with a definitive reg value.  */
	      if (reg >= 0)
		{
		  oldq = q;
		  q = p - 1;
		}
	    }
	}
    }
  /* have reg. -1:absent; else 0:15.  */

  /* We have:  err, at, len, hash, ndx, sign, paren, reg.
     Also, any remaining expression is from *p through *q inclusive.
     Should there be no expression, q==p-1. So expression length = q-p+1.
     This completes the first part: parsing the operand text.  */

  /* We now want to boil the data down, checking consistency on the way.
     We want:  len, mode, reg, ndx, err, p, q, wrn, bug.
     We will deliver a 4-bit reg, and a 4-bit mode.  */

  /* Case of branch operand. Different. No L^B^W^I^S^ allowed for instance.

     in:  at	?
          len	?
          hash	?
          p:q	?
          sign  ?
          paren	?
          reg   ?
          ndx   ?

     out: mode  0
          reg   -1
          len	' '
          p:q	whatever was input
          ndx	-1
          err	" "		 or error message, and other outputs trashed.  */
  /* Branch operands have restricted forms.  */
  if ((!err || !*err) && access_mode == 'b')
    {
      if (at || hash || sign || paren || ndx >= 0 || reg >= 0 || len != ' ')
	err = _("invalid branch operand");
      else
	err = " ";
    }

  /* Since nobody seems to use it: comment this 'feature'(?) out for now.  */
#ifdef NEVER
  /* Case of stand-alone operand. e.g. ".long foo"

     in:  at	?
          len	?
          hash	?
          p:q	?
          sign  ?
          paren	?
          reg   ?
          ndx   ?

     out: mode  0
          reg   -1
          len	' '
          p:q	whatever was input
          ndx	-1
          err	" "		 or error message, and other outputs trashed.  */
  if ((!err || !*err) && access_mode == ' ')
    {
      if (at)
	err = _("address prohibits @");
      else if (hash)
	err = _("address prohibits #");
      else if (sign)
	{
	  if (sign < 0)
	    err = _("address prohibits -()");
	  else
	    err = _("address prohibits ()+");
	}
      else if (paren)
	err = _("address prohibits ()");
      else if (ndx >= 0)
	err = _("address prohibits []");
      else if (reg >= 0)
	err = _("address prohibits register");
      else if (len != ' ')
	err = _("address prohibits displacement length specifier");
      else
	{
	  err = " ";	/* succeed */
	  mode = 0;
	}
    }
#endif

  /* Case of S^#.

     in:  at       0
          len      's'               definition
          hash     1              demand
          p:q                        demand not empty
          sign     0                 by paren==0
          paren    0             by "()" scan logic because "S^" seen
          reg      -1                or nn by mistake
          ndx      -1

     out: mode     0
          reg      -1
          len      's'
          exp
          ndx      -1  */
  if ((!err || !*err) && len == 's')
    {
      if (!hash || paren || at || ndx >= 0)
	err = _("invalid operand of S^#");
      else
	{
	  if (reg >= 0)
	    {
	      /* Darn! we saw S^#Rnn ! put the Rnn back in
	         expression. KLUDGE! Use oldq so we don't
	         need to know exact length of reg name.  */
	      q = oldq;
	      reg = 0;
	    }
	  /* We have all the expression we will ever get.  */
	  if (p > q)
	    err = _("S^# needs expression");
	  else if (access_mode == 'r')
	    {
	      err = " ";	/* WIN! */
	      mode = 0;
	    }
	  else
	    err = _("S^# may only read-access");
	}
    }

  /* Case of -(Rn), which is weird case.

     in:  at       0
          len      '
          hash     0
          p:q      q<p
          sign     -1                by definition
          paren    1              by definition
          reg      present           by definition
          ndx      optional

     out: mode     7
          reg      present
          len      ' '
          exp      ""                enforce empty expression
          ndx      optional          warn if same as reg.  */
  if ((!err || !*err) && sign < 0)
    {
      if (len != ' ' || hash || at || p <= q)
	err = _("invalid operand of -()");
      else
	{
	  err = " ";		/* win */
	  mode = 7;
	  if (reg == PC)
	    wrn = _("-(PC) unpredictable");
	  else if (reg == ndx)
	    wrn = _("[]index same as -()register: unpredictable");
	}
    }

  /* We convert "(Rn)" to "@Rn" for our convenience.
     (I hope this is convenient: has someone got a better way to parse this?)
     A side-effect of this is that "@Rn" is a valid operand.  */
  if (paren && !sign && !hash && !at && len == ' ' && p > q)
    {
      at = 1;
      paren = 0;
    }

  /* Case of (Rn)+, which is slightly different.

     in:  at
          len      ' '
          hash     0
          p:q      q<p
          sign     +1                by definition
          paren    1              by definition
          reg      present           by definition
          ndx      optional

     out: mode     8+@
          reg      present
          len      ' '
          exp      ""                enforce empty expression
          ndx      optional          warn if same as reg.  */
  if ((!err || !*err) && sign > 0)
    {
      if (len != ' ' || hash || p <= q)
	err = _("invalid operand of ()+");
      else
	{
	  err = " ";		/* win */
	  mode = 8 + (at ? 1 : 0);
	  if (reg == PC)
	    wrn = _("(PC)+ unpredictable");
	  else if (reg == ndx)
	    wrn = _("[]index same as ()+register: unpredictable");
	}
    }

  /* Case of #, without S^.

     in:  at
          len      ' ' or 'i'
          hash     1              by definition
          p:q
          sign     0
          paren    0
          reg      absent
          ndx      optional

     out: mode     8+@
          reg      PC
          len      ' ' or 'i'
          exp
          ndx      optional.  */
  if ((!err || !*err) && hash)
    {
      if (len != 'i' && len != ' ')
	err = _("# conflicts length");
      else if (paren)
	err = _("# bars register");
      else
	{
	  if (reg >= 0)
	    {
	      /* Darn! we saw #Rnn! Put the Rnn back into the expression.
	         By using oldq, we don't need to know how long Rnn was.
	         KLUDGE!  */
	      q = oldq;
	      reg = -1;		/* No register any more.  */
	    }
	  err = " ";		/* Win.  */

	  /* JF a bugfix, I think!  */
	  if (at && access_mode == 'a')
	    vopP->vop_nbytes = 4;

	  mode = (at ? 9 : 8);
	  reg = PC;
	  if ((access_mode == 'm' || access_mode == 'w') && !at)
	    wrn = _("writing or modifying # is unpredictable");
	}
    }
  /* If !*err, then       sign == 0
                          hash == 0 */

  /* Case of Rn. We separate this one because it has a few special
     errors the remaining modes lack.

     in:  at       optional
          len      ' '
          hash     0             by program logic
          p:q      empty
          sign     0                 by program logic
          paren    0             by definition
          reg      present           by definition
          ndx      optional

     out: mode     5+@
          reg      present
          len      ' '               enforce no length
          exp      ""                enforce empty expression
          ndx      optional          warn if same as reg.  */
  if ((!err || !*err) && !paren && reg >= 0)
    {
      if (len != ' ')
	err = _("length not needed");
      else if (at)
	{
	  err = " ";		/* win */
	  mode = 6;		/* @Rn */
	}
      else if (ndx >= 0)
	err = _("can't []index a register, because it has no address");
      else if (access_mode == 'a')
	err = _("a register has no address");
      else
	{
	  /* Idea here is to detect from length of datum
	     and from register number if we will touch PC.
	     Warn if we do.
	     vop_nbytes is number of bytes in operand.
	     Compute highest byte affected, compare to PC0.  */
	  if ((vopP->vop_nbytes + reg * 4) > 60)
	    wrn = _("PC part of operand unpredictable");
	  err = " ";		/* win */
	  mode = 5;		/* Rn */
	}
    }
  /* If !*err,        sign  == 0
                      hash  == 0
                      paren == 1  OR reg==-1  */

  /* Rest of cases fit into one bunch.

     in:  at       optional
          len      ' ' or 'b' or 'w' or 'l'
          hash     0             by program logic
          p:q      expected          (empty is not an error)
          sign     0                 by program logic
          paren    optional
          reg      optional
          ndx      optional

     out: mode     10 + @ + len
          reg      optional
          len      ' ' or 'b' or 'w' or 'l'
          exp                        maybe empty
          ndx      optional          warn if same as reg.  */
  if (!err || !*err)
    {
      err = " ";		/* win (always) */
      mode = 10 + (at ? 1 : 0);
      switch (len)
	{
	case 'l':
	  mode += 2;
	  /* Fall through.  */
	case 'w':
	  mode += 2;
	  /* Fall through.  */
	case ' ':	/* Assumed B^ until our caller changes it.  */
	case 'b':
	  break;
	}
    }

  /* here with completely specified     mode
    					len
    					reg
    					expression   p,q
    					ndx.  */

  if (*err == ' ')
    err = 0;			/* " " is no longer an error.  */

  vopP->vop_mode = mode;
  vopP->vop_reg = reg;
  vopP->vop_short = len;
  vopP->vop_expr_begin = p;
  vopP->vop_expr_end = q;
  vopP->vop_ndx = ndx;
  vopP->vop_error = err;
  vopP->vop_warn = wrn;
}

/* This converts a string into a vax instruction.
   The string must be a bare single instruction in dec-vax (with BSD4 frobs)
   format.
   It provides some error messages: at most one fatal error message (which
   stops the scan) and at most one warning message for each operand.
   The vax instruction is returned in exploded form, since we have no
   knowledge of how you parse (or evaluate) your expressions.
   We do however strip off and decode addressing modes and operation
   mnemonic.

   The exploded instruction is returned to a struct vit of your choice.
   #include "vax-inst.h" to know what a struct vit is.

   This function's value is a string. If it is not "" then an internal
   logic error was found: read this code to assign meaning to the string.
   No argument string should generate such an error string:
   it means a bug in our code, not in the user's text.

   You MUST have called vip_begin() once before using this function.  */

static void
vip (struct vit *vitP,		/* We build an exploded instruction here.  */
     char *instring)		/* Text of a vax instruction: we modify.  */
{
  /* How to bit-encode this opcode.  */
  struct vot_wot *vwP;
  /* 1/skip whitespace.2/scan vot_how */
  char *p;
  char *q;
  /* counts number of operands seen */
  unsigned char count;
  /* scan operands in struct vit */
  struct vop *operandp;
  /* error over all operands */
  const char *alloperr;
  /* Remember char, (we clobber it with '\0' temporarily).  */
  char c;
  /* Op-code of this instruction.  */
  vax_opcodeT oc;

  if (*instring == ' ')
    ++instring;

  /* MUST end in end-of-string or exactly 1 space.  */
  for (p = instring; *p && *p != ' '; p++)
    ;

  /* Scanned up to end of operation-code.  */
  /* Operation-code is ended with whitespace.  */
  if (p - instring == 0)
    {
      vitP->vit_error = _("No operator");
      count = 0;
      memset (vitP->vit_opcode, '\0', sizeof (vitP->vit_opcode));
    }
  else
    {
      c = *p;
      *p = '\0';
      /* Here with instring pointing to what better be an op-name, and p
         pointing to character just past that.
         We trust instring points to an op-name, with no whitespace.  */
      vwP = (struct vot_wot *) str_hash_find (op_hash, instring);
      /* Restore char after op-code.  */
      *p = c;
      if (vwP == 0)
	{
	  vitP->vit_error = _("Unknown operator");
	  count = 0;
	  memset (vitP->vit_opcode, '\0', sizeof (vitP->vit_opcode));
	}
      else
	{
	  /* We found a match! So let's pick up as many operands as the
	     instruction wants, and even gripe if there are too many.
	     We expect comma to separate each operand.
	     We let instring track the text, while p tracks a part of the
	     struct vot.  */
	  const char *howp;
	  /* The lines below know about 2-byte opcodes starting FD,FE or FF.
	     They also understand synthetic opcodes. Note:
	     we return 32 bits of opcode, including bucky bits, BUT
	     an opcode length is either 8 or 16 bits for vit_opcode_nbytes.  */
	  oc = vwP->vot_code;	/* The op-code.  */
	  vitP->vit_opcode_nbytes = (oc & 0xFF) >= 0xFD ? 2 : 1;
	  md_number_to_chars (vitP->vit_opcode, oc, 4);
	  count = 0;		/* No operands seen yet.  */
	  instring = p;		/* Point just past operation code.  */
	  alloperr = "";
	  for (howp = vwP->vot_how, operandp = vitP->vit_operand;
	       !(alloperr && *alloperr) && *howp;
	       operandp++, howp += 2)
	    {
	      /* Here to parse one operand. Leave instring pointing just
	         past any one ',' that marks the end of this operand.  */
	      if (!howp[1])
		as_fatal (_("odd number of bytes in operand description"));
	      else if (*instring)
		{
		  for (q = instring; (c = *q) && c != ','; q++)
		    ;
		  /* Q points to ',' or '\0' that ends argument. C is that
		     character.  */
		  *q = 0;
		  operandp->vop_width = howp[1];
		  operandp->vop_nbytes = vax_operand_width_size[(unsigned) howp[1]];
		  operandp->vop_access = howp[0];
		  vip_op (instring, operandp);
		  *q = c;	/* Restore input text.  */
		  if (operandp->vop_error)
		    alloperr = _("Bad operand");
		  instring = q + (c ? 1 : 0);	/* Next operand (if any).  */
		  count++;	/*  Won another argument, may have an operr.  */
		}
	      else
		alloperr = _("Not enough operands");
	    }
	  if (!*alloperr)
	    {
	      if (*instring == ' ')
		instring++;
	      if (*instring)
		alloperr = _("Too many operands");
	    }
	  vitP->vit_error = alloperr;
	}
    }
  vitP->vit_operands = count;
}

#ifdef test

/* Test program for above.  */

struct vit myvit;		/* Build an exploded vax instruction here.  */
char answer[100];		/* Human types a line of vax assembler here.  */
char *mybug;			/* "" or an internal logic diagnostic.  */
int mycount;			/* Number of operands.  */
struct vop *myvop;		/* Scan operands from myvit.  */
int mysynth;			/* 1 means want synthetic opcodes.  */
char my_immediate[200];
char my_indirect[200];
char my_displen[200];

int
main (void)
{
  char *p;

  printf ("0 means no synthetic instructions.   ");
  printf ("Value for vip_begin?  ");
  gets (answer);
  sscanf (answer, "%d", &mysynth);
  printf ("Synthetic opcodes %s be included.\n", mysynth ? "will" : "will not");
  printf ("enter immediate symbols eg enter #   ");
  gets (my_immediate);
  printf ("enter indirect symbols  eg enter @   ");
  gets (my_indirect);
  printf ("enter displen symbols   eg enter ^   ");
  gets (my_displen);

  vip_begin (mysynth, my_immediate, my_indirect, my_displen)

  printf ("An empty input line will quit you from the vax instruction parser\n");
  for (;;)
    {
      printf ("vax instruction: ");
      fflush (stdout);
      gets (answer);
      if (!*answer)
	break;		/* Out of for each input text loop.  */

      vip (& myvit, answer);
      if (*myvit.vit_error)
	printf ("ERR:\"%s\"\n", myvit.vit_error);

      printf ("opcode=");
      for (mycount = myvit.vit_opcode_nbytes, p = myvit.vit_opcode;
	   mycount;
	   mycount--, p++)
	printf ("%02x ", *p & 0xFF);

      printf ("   operand count=%d.\n", mycount = myvit.vit_operands);
      for (myvop = myvit.vit_operand; mycount; mycount--, myvop++)
	{
	  printf ("mode=%xx reg=%xx ndx=%xx len='%c'=%c%c%d. expr=\"",
		  myvop->vop_mode, myvop->vop_reg, myvop->vop_ndx,
		  myvop->vop_short, myvop->vop_access, myvop->vop_width,
		  myvop->vop_nbytes);
	  for (p = myvop->vop_expr_begin; p <= myvop->vop_expr_end; p++)
	    putchar (*p);

	  printf ("\"\n");
	  if (myvop->vop_error)
	    printf ("  err:\"%s\"\n", myvop->vop_error);

	  if (myvop->vop_warn)
	    printf ("  wrn:\"%s\"\n", myvop->vop_warn);
	}
    }
  vip_end ();
  exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

#endif

#ifdef TEST			/* #Define to use this testbed.  */

/* Follows a test program for this function.
   We declare arrays non-local in case some of our tiny-minded machines
   default to small stacks. Also, helps with some debuggers.  */

char answer[100];		/* Human types into here.  */
char *p;			/*  */
char *myerr;
char *mywrn;
char *mybug;
char myaccess;
char mywidth;
char mymode;
char myreg;
char mylen;
char *myleft;
char *myright;
char myndx;
int my_operand_length;
char my_immediate[200];
char my_indirect[200];
char my_displen[200];

int
main (void)
{
  printf ("enter immediate symbols eg enter #   ");
  gets (my_immediate);
  printf ("enter indirect symbols  eg enter @   ");
  gets (my_indirect);
  printf ("enter displen symbols   eg enter ^   ");
  gets (my_displen);
  vip_op_defaults (my_immediate, my_indirect, my_displen);

  for (;;)
    {
      printf ("access,width (eg 'ab' or 'wh') [empty line to quit] :  ");
      fflush (stdout);
      gets (answer);
      if (!answer[0])
	exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
      myaccess = answer[0];
      mywidth = answer[1];
      switch (mywidth)
	{
	case 'b':
	  my_operand_length = 1;
	  break;
	case 'd':
	  my_operand_length = 8;
	  break;
	case 'f':
	  my_operand_length = 4;
	  break;
	case 'g':
	  my_operand_length = 16;
	  break;
	case 'h':
	  my_operand_length = 32;
	  break;
	case 'l':
	  my_operand_length = 4;
	  break;
	case 'o':
	  my_operand_length = 16;
	  break;
	case 'q':
	  my_operand_length = 8;
	  break;
	case 'w':
	  my_operand_length = 2;
	  break;
	case '!':
	case '?':
	case '-':
	  my_operand_length = 0;
	  break;

	default:
	  my_operand_length = 2;
	  printf ("I don't understand access width %c\n", mywidth);
	  break;
	}
      printf ("VAX assembler instruction operand: ");
      fflush (stdout);
      gets (answer);
      mybug = vip_op (answer, myaccess, mywidth, my_operand_length,
		      &mymode, &myreg, &mylen, &myleft, &myright, &myndx,
		      &myerr, &mywrn);
      if (*myerr)
	{
	  printf ("error: \"%s\"\n", myerr);
	  if (*mybug)
	    printf (" bug: \"%s\"\n", mybug);
	}
      else
	{
	  if (*mywrn)
	    printf ("warning: \"%s\"\n", mywrn);
	  mumble ("mode", mymode);
	  mumble ("register", myreg);
	  mumble ("index", myndx);
	  printf ("width:'%c'  ", mylen);
	  printf ("expression: \"");
	  while (myleft <= myright)
	    putchar (*myleft++);
	  printf ("\"\n");
	}
    }
}

void
mumble (char *text, int value)
{
  printf ("%s:", text);
  if (value >= 0)
    printf ("%xx", value);
  else
    printf ("ABSENT");
  printf ("  ");
}

#endif

int md_short_jump_size = 3;
int md_long_jump_size = 6;

void
md_create_short_jump (char *ptr,
		      addressT from_addr,
		      addressT to_addr ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
		      fragS *frag ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
		      symbolS *to_symbol ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  valueT offset;

  /* This former calculation was off by two:
      offset = to_addr - (from_addr + 1);
     We need to account for the one byte instruction and also its
     two byte operand.  */
  offset = to_addr - (from_addr + 1 + 2);
  *ptr++ = VAX_BRW;		/* Branch with word (16 bit) offset.  */
  md_number_to_chars (ptr, offset, 2);
}

void
md_create_long_jump (char *ptr,
		     addressT from_addr ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
		     addressT to_addr,
		     fragS *frag,
		     symbolS *to_symbol)
{
  valueT offset;

  offset = to_addr - S_GET_VALUE (to_symbol);
  *ptr++ = VAX_JMP;		/* Arbitrary jump.  */
  *ptr++ = VAX_ABSOLUTE_MODE;
  md_number_to_chars (ptr, offset, 4);
  fix_new (frag, ptr - frag->fr_literal, 4, to_symbol, (long) 0, 0, NO_RELOC);
}

#ifdef OBJ_VMS
const char *md_shortopts = "d:STt:V+1h:Hv::";
#elif defined(OBJ_ELF)
const char *md_shortopts = "d:STt:VkKQ:";
#else
const char *md_shortopts = "d:STt:V";
#endif
struct option md_longopts[] =
{
#ifdef OBJ_ELF
#define OPTION_PIC (OPTION_MD_BASE)
  { "pic", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_PIC },
#endif
  { NULL, no_argument, NULL, 0 }
};
size_t md_longopts_size = sizeof (md_longopts);

int
md_parse_option (int c, const char *arg)
{
  switch (c)
    {
    case 'S':
      as_warn (_("SYMBOL TABLE not implemented"));
      break;

    case 'T':
      as_warn (_("TOKEN TRACE not implemented"));
      break;

    case 'd':
      as_warn (_("Displacement length %s ignored!"), arg);
      break;

    case 't':
      as_warn (_("I don't need or use temp. file \"%s\"."), arg);
      break;

    case 'V':
      as_warn (_("I don't use an interpass file! -V ignored"));
      break;

#ifdef OBJ_VMS
    case '+':			/* For g++.  Hash any name > 31 chars long.  */
      flag_hash_long_names = 1;
      break;

    case '1':			/* For backward compatibility.  */
      flag_one = 1;
      break;

    case 'H':			/* Show new symbol after hash truncation.  */
      flag_show_after_trunc = 1;
      break;

    case 'h':			/* No hashing of mixed-case names.  */
      {
	extern char vms_name_mapping;
	vms_name_mapping = atoi (arg);
	flag_no_hash_mixed_case = 1;
      }
      break;

    case 'v':
      {
	extern char *compiler_version_string;

	if (!arg || !*arg || access (arg, 0) == 0)
	  return 0;		/* Have caller show the assembler version.  */
	compiler_version_string = arg;
      }
      break;
#endif

#ifdef OBJ_ELF
    case OPTION_PIC:
    case 'k':
      flag_want_pic = 1;
      break;			/* -pic, Position Independent Code.  */

     /* -Qy, -Qn: SVR4 arguments controlling whether a .comment
	section should be emitted or not.  FIXME: Not implemented.  */
    case 'Q':
      break;
#endif

    default:
      return 0;
    }

  return 1;
}

void
md_show_usage (FILE *stream)
{
  fprintf (stream, _("\
VAX options:\n\
-d LENGTH		ignored\n\
-J			ignored\n\
-S			ignored\n\
-t FILE			ignored\n\
-T			ignored\n\
-V			ignored\n"));
#ifdef OBJ_VMS
  fprintf (stream, _("\
VMS options:\n\
-+			hash encode names longer than 31 characters\n\
-1			`const' handling compatible with gcc 1.x\n\
-H			show new symbol after hash truncation\n\
-h NUM			don't hash mixed-case names, and adjust case:\n\
			0 = upper, 2 = lower, 3 = preserve case\n\
-v\"VERSION\"		code being assembled was produced by compiler \"VERSION\"\n"));
#endif
}

/* We have no need to default values of symbols.  */

symbolS *
md_undefined_symbol (char *name ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  return NULL;
}

/* Round up a section size to the appropriate boundary.  */
valueT
md_section_align (segT segment ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, valueT size)
{
  /* Byte alignment is fine */
  return size;
}

/* Exactly what point is a PC-relative offset relative TO?
   On the vax, they're relative to the address of the offset, plus
   its size. */
long
md_pcrel_from (fixS *fixP)
{
  return fixP->fx_size + fixP->fx_where + fixP->fx_frag->fr_address;
}

arelent *
tc_gen_reloc (asection *section ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, fixS *fixp)
{
  arelent *reloc;
  bfd_reloc_code_real_type code;

  if (fixp->fx_tcbit)
    abort ();

  if (fixp->fx_r_type != NO_RELOC)
    {
      code = fixp->fx_r_type;

      if (fixp->fx_pcrel)
	{
	  switch (code)
	    {
	    case BFD_RELOC_8_PCREL:
	    case BFD_RELOC_16_PCREL:
	    case BFD_RELOC_32_PCREL:
#ifdef OBJ_ELF
	    case BFD_RELOC_8_GOT_PCREL:
	    case BFD_RELOC_16_GOT_PCREL:
	    case BFD_RELOC_32_GOT_PCREL:
	    case BFD_RELOC_8_PLT_PCREL:
	    case BFD_RELOC_16_PLT_PCREL:
	    case BFD_RELOC_32_PLT_PCREL:
#endif
	      break;
	    default:
	      as_bad_where (fixp->fx_file, fixp->fx_line,
			    _("Cannot make %s relocation PC relative"),
			    bfd_get_reloc_code_name (code));
	    }
	}
    }
  else
    {
#define F(SZ,PCREL)		(((SZ) << 1) + (PCREL))
      switch (F (fixp->fx_size, fixp->fx_pcrel))
	{
#define MAP(SZ,PCREL,TYPE)	case F(SZ,PCREL): code = (TYPE); break
	  MAP (1, 0, BFD_RELOC_8);
	  MAP (2, 0, BFD_RELOC_16);
	  MAP (4, 0, BFD_RELOC_32);
	  MAP (1, 1, BFD_RELOC_8_PCREL);
	  MAP (2, 1, BFD_RELOC_16_PCREL);
	  MAP (4, 1, BFD_RELOC_32_PCREL);
	default:
	  abort ();
	}
    }
#undef F
#undef MAP

  reloc = XNEW (arelent);
  reloc->sym_ptr_ptr = XNEW (asymbol *);
  *reloc->sym_ptr_ptr = symbol_get_bfdsym (fixp->fx_addsy);
  reloc->address = fixp->fx_frag->fr_address + fixp->fx_where;
#ifndef OBJ_ELF
  if (fixp->fx_pcrel)
    reloc->addend = fixp->fx_addnumber;
  else
    reloc->addend = 0;
#else
  reloc->addend = fixp->fx_offset;
#endif

  reloc->howto = bfd_reloc_type_lookup (stdoutput, code);
  gas_assert (reloc->howto != 0);

  return reloc;
}

/* vax:md_assemble() emit frags for 1 instruction given in textual form.  */
void
md_assemble (char *instruction_string)
{
  /* Non-zero if operand expression's segment is not known yet.  */
  int is_undefined;
  /* Non-zero if operand expression's segment is absolute.  */
  int is_absolute;
  int length_code;
  char *p;
  /* An operand. Scans all operands.  */
  struct vop *operandP;
  char *save_input_line_pointer;
			/* What used to live after an expression.  */
  char c_save;
  /* 1: instruction_string bad for all passes.  */
  int goofed;
  /* Points to slot just after last operand.  */
  struct vop *end_operandP;
  /* Points to expression values for this operand.  */
  expressionS *expP;
  segT *segP;

  /* These refer to an instruction operand expression.  */
  /* Target segment of the address.	 */
  segT to_seg;
  valueT this_add_number;
  /* Positive (minuend) symbol.  */
  symbolS *this_add_symbol;
  /* As a number.  */
  long opcode_as_number;
  /* Least significant byte 1st.  */
  char *opcode_as_chars;
  /* As an array of characters.  */
  /* Least significant byte 1st */
  char *opcode_low_byteP;
  /* length (bytes) meant by vop_short.  */
  int length;
  /* 0, or 1 if '@' is in addressing mode.  */
  int at;
  /* From vop_nbytes: vax_operand_width (in bytes) */
  int nbytes;
  FLONUM_TYPE *floatP;
  LITTLENUM_TYPE literal_float[8];
  /* Big enough for any floating point literal.  */

  vip (&v, instruction_string);

  /* Now we try to find as many as_warn()s as we can. If we do any as_warn()s
     then goofed=1. Notice that we don't make any frags yet.
     Should goofed be 1, then this instruction will wedge in any pass,
     and we can safely flush it, without causing interpass symbol phase
     errors. That is, without changing label values in different passes.  */
  if ((goofed = (*v.vit_error)) != 0)
    {
      as_fatal (_("Ignoring statement due to \"%s\""), v.vit_error);
    }
  /* We need to use expression() and friends, which require us to diddle
     input_line_pointer. So we save it and restore it later.  */
  save_input_line_pointer = input_line_pointer;
  for (operandP = v.vit_operand,
       expP = exp_of_operand,
       segP = seg_of_operand,
       floatP = float_operand,
       end_operandP = v.vit_operand + v.vit_operands;

       operandP < end_operandP;

       operandP++, expP++, segP++, floatP++)
    {
      if (operandP->vop_error)
	{
	  as_fatal (_("Aborting because statement has \"%s\""), operandP->vop_error);
	  goofed = 1;
	}
      else
	{
	  /* Statement has no syntax goofs: let's sniff the expression.  */
	  int can_be_short = 0;	/* 1 if a bignum can be reduced to a short literal.  */

	  input_line_pointer = operandP->vop_expr_begin;
	  c_save = operandP->vop_expr_end[1];
	  operandP->vop_expr_end[1] = '\0';
	  /* If to_seg == SEG_PASS1, expression() will have set need_pass_2 = 1.  */
	  *segP = expression (expP);
	  switch (expP->X_op)
	    {
	    case O_absent:
	      /* for BSD4.2 compatibility, missing expression is absolute 0 */
	      expP->X_op = O_constant;
	      expP->X_add_number = 0;
	      /* For SEG_ABSOLUTE, we shouldn't need to set X_op_symbol,
		 X_add_symbol to any particular value.  But, we will program
		 defensively. Since this situation occurs rarely so it costs
		 us little to do, and stops Dean worrying about the origin of
		 random bits in expressionS's.  */
	      expP->X_add_symbol = NULL;
	      expP->X_op_symbol = NULL;
	      break;

	    case O_symbol:
	    case O_constant:
	      break;

	    default:
	      /* Major bug. We can't handle the case of a
	         SEG_OP expression in a VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC
	         variable-length instruction.
	         We don't have a frag type that is smart enough to
	         relax a SEG_OP, and so we just force all
	         SEG_OPs to behave like SEG_PASS1s.
	         Clearly, if there is a demand we can invent a new or
	         modified frag type and then coding up a frag for this
	         case will be easy. SEG_OP was invented for the
	         .words after a CASE opcode, and was never intended for
	         instruction operands.  */
	      need_pass_2 = 1;
	      as_fatal (_("Can't relocate expression"));
	      break;

	    case O_big:
	      /* Preserve the bits.  */
	      if (expP->X_add_number > 0)
		{
		  bignum_copy (generic_bignum, expP->X_add_number,
			       floatP->low, SIZE_OF_LARGE_NUMBER);
		}
	      else
		{
		  know (expP->X_add_number < 0);
		  flonum_copy (&generic_floating_point_number,
			       floatP);
		  if (strchr ("s i", operandP->vop_short))
		    {
		      /* Could possibly become S^# */
		      flonum_gen2vax (-expP->X_add_number, floatP, literal_float);
		      switch (-expP->X_add_number)
			{
			case 'f':
			  can_be_short =
			    (literal_float[0] & 0xFC0F) == 0x4000
			    && literal_float[1] == 0;
			  break;

			case 'd':
			  can_be_short =
			    (literal_float[0] & 0xFC0F) == 0x4000
			    && literal_float[1] == 0
			    && literal_float[2] == 0
			    && literal_float[3] == 0;
			  break;

			case 'g':
			  can_be_short =
			    (literal_float[0] & 0xFF81) == 0x4000
			    && literal_float[1] == 0
			    && literal_float[2] == 0
			    && literal_float[3] == 0;
			  break;

			case 'h':
			  can_be_short = ((literal_float[0] & 0xFFF8) == 0x4000
					  && (literal_float[1] & 0xE000) == 0
					  && literal_float[2] == 0
					  && literal_float[3] == 0
					  && literal_float[4] == 0
					  && literal_float[5] == 0
					  && literal_float[6] == 0
					  && literal_float[7] == 0);
			  break;

			default:
			  BAD_CASE (-expP->X_add_number);
			  break;
			}
		    }
		}

	      if (operandP->vop_short == 's'
		  || operandP->vop_short == 'i'
		  || (operandP->vop_short == ' '
		      && operandP->vop_reg == 0xF
		      && (operandP->vop_mode & 0xE) == 0x8))
		{
		  /* Saw a '#'.  */
		  if (operandP->vop_short == ' ')
		    {
		      /* We must chose S^ or I^.  */
		      if (expP->X_add_number > 0)
			{
			  /* Bignum: Short literal impossible.  */
			  operandP->vop_short = 'i';
			  operandP->vop_mode = 8;
			  operandP->vop_reg = 0xF;	/* VAX PC.  */
			}
		      else
			{
			  /* Flonum: Try to do it.  */
			  if (can_be_short)
			    {
			      operandP->vop_short = 's';
			      operandP->vop_mode = 0;
			      operandP->vop_ndx = -1;
			      operandP->vop_reg = -1;
			      expP->X_op = O_constant;
			    }
			  else
			    {
			      operandP->vop_short = 'i';
			      operandP->vop_mode = 8;
			      operandP->vop_reg = 0xF;	/* VAX PC */
			    }
			}	/* bignum or flonum ? */
		    }		/*  if #, but no S^ or I^ seen.  */
		  /* No more ' ' case: either 's' or 'i'.  */
		  if (operandP->vop_short == 's')
		    {
		      /* Wants to be a short literal.  */
		      if (expP->X_add_number > 0)
			{
			  as_warn (_("Bignum not permitted in short literal. Immediate mode assumed."));
			  operandP->vop_short = 'i';
			  operandP->vop_mode = 8;
			  operandP->vop_reg = 0xF;	/* VAX PC.  */
			}
		      else
			{
			  if (!can_be_short)
			    {
			      as_warn (_("Can't do flonum short literal: immediate mode used."));
			      operandP->vop_short = 'i';
			      operandP->vop_mode = 8;
			      operandP->vop_reg = 0xF;	/* VAX PC.  */
			    }
			  else
			    {
			      /* Encode short literal now.  */
			      int temp = 0;

			      switch (-expP->X_add_number)
				{
				case 'f':
				case 'd':
				  temp = literal_float[0] >> 4;
				  break;

				case 'g':
				  temp = literal_float[0] >> 1;
				  break;

				case 'h':
				  temp = ((literal_float[0] << 3) & 070)
				    | ((literal_float[1] >> 13) & 07);
				  break;

				default:
				  BAD_CASE (-expP->X_add_number);
				  break;
				}

			      floatP->low[0] = temp & 077;
			      floatP->low[1] = 0;
			    }
			}
		    }
		  else
		    {
		      /* I^# seen: set it up if float.  */
		      if (expP->X_add_number < 0)
			{
			  memcpy (floatP->low, literal_float, sizeof (literal_float));
			}
		    }		/* if S^# seen.  */
		}
	      else
		{
		  as_warn (_("A bignum/flonum may not be a displacement: 0x%lx used"),
			   (expP->X_add_number = 0x80000000L));
		  /* Chosen so luser gets the most offset bits to patch later.  */
		}
	      expP->X_add_number = floatP->low[0]
		| ((LITTLENUM_MASK & (floatP->low[1])) << LITTLENUM_NUMBER_OF_BITS);

	      /* For the O_big case we have:
	         If vop_short == 's' then a short floating literal is in the
	        	lowest 6 bits of floatP -> low [0], which is
	        	big_operand_bits [---] [0].
	         If vop_short == 'i' then the appropriate number of elements
	        	of big_operand_bits [---] [...] are set up with the correct
	        	bits.
	         Also, just in case width is byte word or long, we copy the lowest
	         32 bits of the number to X_add_number.  */
	      break;
	    }
	  if (input_line_pointer != operandP->vop_expr_end + 1)
	    {
	      as_fatal ("Junk at end of expression \"%s\"", input_line_pointer);
	      goofed = 1;
	    }
	  operandP->vop_expr_end[1] = c_save;
	}
    }

  input_line_pointer = save_input_line_pointer;

  if (need_pass_2 || goofed)
    return;

  dwarf2_emit_insn (0);
  /* Emit op-code.  */
  /* Remember where it is, in case we want to modify the op-code later.  */
  opcode_low_byteP = frag_more (v.vit_opcode_nbytes);
  memcpy (opcode_low_byteP, v.vit_opcode, v.vit_opcode_nbytes);
  opcode_as_chars = v.vit_opcode;
  opcode_as_number = md_chars_to_number ((unsigned char *) opcode_as_chars, 4);
  for (operandP = v.vit_operand,
       expP = exp_of_operand,
       segP = seg_of_operand,
       floatP = float_operand,
       end_operandP = v.vit_operand + v.vit_operands;

       operandP < end_operandP;

       operandP++,
       floatP++,
       segP++,
       expP++)
    {
      if (operandP->vop_ndx >= 0)
	{
	  /* Indexed addressing byte.  */
	  /* Legality of indexed mode already checked: it is OK.  */
	  FRAG_APPEND_1_CHAR (0x40 + operandP->vop_ndx);
	}			/* if(vop_ndx>=0) */

      /* Here to make main operand frag(s).  */
      this_add_number = expP->X_add_number;
      this_add_symbol = expP->X_add_symbol;
      to_seg = *segP;
      is_undefined = (to_seg == undefined_section);
      is_absolute = (to_seg == absolute_section);
      at = operandP->vop_mode & 1;
      length = (operandP->vop_short == 'b'
		? 1 : (operandP->vop_short == 'w'
		       ? 2 : (operandP->vop_short == 'l'
			      ? 4 : 0)));
      nbytes = operandP->vop_nbytes;
      if (operandP->vop_access == 'b')
	{
	  if (to_seg == now_seg || is_undefined)
	    {
	      /* If is_undefined, then it might BECOME now_seg.  */
	      if (nbytes)
		{
		  p = frag_more (nbytes);
		  fix_new (frag_now, p - frag_now->fr_literal, nbytes,
			   this_add_symbol, this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
		}
	      else
		{
		  /* to_seg==now_seg || to_seg == SEG_UNKNOWN */
		  /* nbytes==0 */
		  length_code = is_undefined ? STATE_UNDF : STATE_BYTE;
		  if (opcode_as_number & VIT_OPCODE_SPECIAL)
		    {
		      if (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_UNCONDITIONAL_JUMP)
			{
			  /* br or jsb */
			  frag_var (rs_machine_dependent, 5, 1,
			    ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_ALWAYS_BRANCH, length_code),
				    this_add_symbol, this_add_number,
				    opcode_low_byteP);
			}
		      else
			{
			  if (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_WORD_JUMP)
			    {
			      length_code = STATE_WORD;
			      /* JF: There is no state_byte for this one! */
			      frag_var (rs_machine_dependent, 10, 2,
					ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_BRANCH, length_code),
					this_add_symbol, this_add_number,
					opcode_low_byteP);
			    }
			  else
			    {
			      know (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_BYTE_JUMP);
			      frag_var (rs_machine_dependent, 9, 1,
			      ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_HOP, length_code),
					this_add_symbol, this_add_number,
					opcode_low_byteP);
			    }
			}
		    }
		  else
		    {
		      know (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_CONDITIONAL_JUMP);
		      frag_var (rs_machine_dependent, 7, 1,
		       ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_CONDITIONAL_BRANCH, length_code),
				this_add_symbol, this_add_number,
				opcode_low_byteP);
		    }
		}
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      /* to_seg != now_seg && to_seg != SEG_UNKNOWN */
	      /* --- SEG FLOAT MAY APPEAR HERE ---  */
	      if (is_absolute)
		{
		  if (nbytes)
		    {
		      know (!(opcode_as_number & VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC));
		      p = frag_more (nbytes);
		      /* Conventional relocation.  */
		      fix_new (frag_now, p - frag_now->fr_literal, nbytes,
			       section_symbol (absolute_section),
			       this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
		    }
		  else
		    {
		      know (opcode_as_number & VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC);
		      if (opcode_as_number & VIT_OPCODE_SPECIAL)
			{
			  if (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_UNCONDITIONAL_JUMP)
			    {
			      /* br or jsb */
			      *opcode_low_byteP = opcode_as_chars[0] + VAX_WIDEN_LONG;
			      know (opcode_as_chars[1] == 0);
			      p = frag_more (5);
			      p[0] = VAX_ABSOLUTE_MODE;	/* @#...  */
			      md_number_to_chars (p + 1, this_add_number, 4);
			      /* Now (eg) JMP @#foo or JSB @#foo.  */
			    }
			  else
			    {
			      if (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_WORD_JUMP)
				{
				  p = frag_more (10);
				  p[0] = 2;
				  p[1] = 0;
				  p[2] = VAX_BRB;
				  p[3] = 6;
				  p[4] = VAX_JMP;
				  p[5] = VAX_ABSOLUTE_MODE;	/* @#...  */
				  md_number_to_chars (p + 6, this_add_number, 4);
				  /* Now (eg)	ACBx	1f
				    		BRB	2f
				    	1:	JMP	@#foo
				    	2:  */
				}
			      else
				{
				  know (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_BYTE_JUMP);
				  p = frag_more (9);
				  p[0] = 2;
				  p[1] = VAX_BRB;
				  p[2] = 6;
				  p[3] = VAX_JMP;
                                  p[4] = VAX_ABSOLUTE_MODE;     /* @#...  */
				  md_number_to_chars (p + 5, this_add_number, 4);
				  /* Now (eg)	xOBxxx	1f
				   		BRB	2f
				   	1:	JMP	@#foo
				   	2:  */
				}
			    }
			}
		      else
			{
			  /* b<cond> */
			  *opcode_low_byteP ^= 1;
			  /* To reverse the condition in a VAX branch,
			     complement the lowest order bit.  */
			  p = frag_more (7);
			  p[0] = 6;
			  p[1] = VAX_JMP;
			  p[2] = VAX_ABSOLUTE_MODE;	/* @#...  */
			  md_number_to_chars (p + 3, this_add_number, 4);
			  /* Now (eg)	BLEQ	1f
			   		JMP	@#foo
			   	1:  */
			}
		    }
		}
	      else
		{
		  /* to_seg != now_seg && !is_undefinfed && !is_absolute */
		  if (nbytes > 0)
		    {
		      /* Pc-relative. Conventional relocation.  */
		      know (!(opcode_as_number & VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC));
		      p = frag_more (nbytes);
		      fix_new (frag_now, p - frag_now->fr_literal, nbytes,
			       section_symbol (absolute_section),
			       this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
		    }
		  else
		    {
		      know (opcode_as_number & VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC);
		      if (opcode_as_number & VIT_OPCODE_SPECIAL)
			{
			  if (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_UNCONDITIONAL_JUMP)
			    {
			      /* br or jsb */
			      know (opcode_as_chars[1] == 0);
			      *opcode_low_byteP = opcode_as_chars[0] + VAX_WIDEN_LONG;
			      p = frag_more (5);
			      p[0] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;
			      fix_new (frag_now,
				       p + 1 - frag_now->fr_literal, 4,
				       this_add_symbol,
				       this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
			      /* Now eg JMP foo or JSB foo.  */
			    }
			  else
			    {
			      if (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_WORD_JUMP)
				{
				  p = frag_more (10);
				  p[0] = 0;
				  p[1] = 2;
				  p[2] = VAX_BRB;
				  p[3] = 6;
				  p[4] = VAX_JMP;
				  p[5] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;
				  fix_new (frag_now,
					   p + 6 - frag_now->fr_literal, 4,
					   this_add_symbol,
					   this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
				  /* Now (eg)	ACBx	1f
				   		BRB	2f
				   	1:	JMP	foo
				   	2:  */
				}
			      else
				{
				  know (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_BYTE_JUMP);
				  p = frag_more (10);
				  p[0] = 2;
				  p[1] = VAX_BRB;
				  p[2] = 6;
				  p[3] = VAX_JMP;
				  p[4] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;
				  fix_new (frag_now,
					   p + 5 - frag_now->fr_literal,
					   4, this_add_symbol,
					   this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
				  /* Now (eg)	xOBxxx	1f
				   		BRB	2f
				   	1:	JMP	foo
				   	2:  */
				}
			    }
			}
		      else
			{
			  know (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_CONDITIONAL_JUMP);
			  *opcode_low_byteP ^= 1;	/* Reverse branch condition.  */
			  p = frag_more (7);
			  p[0] = 6;
			  p[1] = VAX_JMP;
			  p[2] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;
			  fix_new (frag_now, p + 3 - frag_now->fr_literal,
				   4, this_add_symbol,
				   this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
			}
		    }
		}
	    }
	}
      else
	{
	  /* So it is ordinary operand.  */
	  know (operandP->vop_access != 'b');
	  /* ' ' target-independent: elsewhere.  */
	  know (operandP->vop_access != ' ');
	  know (operandP->vop_access == 'a'
		|| operandP->vop_access == 'm'
		|| operandP->vop_access == 'r'
		|| operandP->vop_access == 'v'
		|| operandP->vop_access == 'w');
	  if (operandP->vop_short == 's')
	    {
	      if (is_absolute)
		{
		  if (this_add_number >= 64)
		    {
		      as_warn (_("Short literal overflow(%ld.), immediate mode assumed."),
			       (long) this_add_number);
		      operandP->vop_short = 'i';
		      operandP->vop_mode = 8;
		      operandP->vop_reg = 0xF;
		    }
		}
	      else
		{
		  as_warn (_("Forced short literal to immediate mode. now_seg=%s to_seg=%s"),
			   segment_name (now_seg), segment_name (to_seg));
		  operandP->vop_short = 'i';
		  operandP->vop_mode = 8;
		  operandP->vop_reg = 0xF;
		}
	    }
	  if (operandP->vop_reg >= 0 && (operandP->vop_mode < 8
		  || (operandP->vop_reg != 0xF && operandP->vop_mode < 10)))
	    {
	      /* One byte operand.  */
	      know (operandP->vop_mode > 3);
	      FRAG_APPEND_1_CHAR (operandP->vop_mode << 4 | operandP->vop_reg);
	      /* All 1-bytes except S^# happen here.  */
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      /* {@}{q^}foo{(Rn)} or S^#foo */
	      if (operandP->vop_reg == -1 && operandP->vop_short != 's')
		{
		  /* "{@}{q^}foo" */
		  if (to_seg == now_seg)
		    {
		      if (length == 0)
			{
			  know (operandP->vop_short == ' ');
			  length_code = STATE_BYTE;
#ifdef OBJ_ELF
			  if (S_IS_EXTERNAL (this_add_symbol)
			      || S_IS_WEAK (this_add_symbol))
			    length_code = STATE_UNDF;
#endif
			  p = frag_var (rs_machine_dependent, 10, 2,
			       ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_PC_RELATIVE, length_code),
					this_add_symbol, this_add_number,
					opcode_low_byteP);
			  know (operandP->vop_mode == 10 + at);
			  *p = at << 4;
			  /* At is the only context we need to carry
			     to other side of relax() process.  Must
			     be in the correct bit position of VAX
			     operand spec. byte.  */
			}
		      else
			{
			  know (length);
			  know (operandP->vop_short != ' ');
			  p = frag_more (length + 1);
			  p[0] = 0xF | ((at + "?\12\14?\16"[length]) << 4);
			  fix_new (frag_now, p + 1 - frag_now->fr_literal,
				   length, this_add_symbol,
				   this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
			}
		    }
		  else
		    {
		      /* to_seg != now_seg */
		      if (this_add_symbol == NULL)
			{
			  know (is_absolute);
			  /* Do @#foo: simpler relocation than foo-.(pc) anyway.  */
			  p = frag_more (5);
			  p[0] = VAX_ABSOLUTE_MODE;	/* @#...  */
			  md_number_to_chars (p + 1, this_add_number, 4);
			  if (length && length != 4)
			    as_warn (_("Length specification ignored. Address mode 9F used"));
			}
		      else
			{
			  /* {@}{q^}other_seg */
			  know ((length == 0 && operandP->vop_short == ' ')
			     || (length > 0 && operandP->vop_short != ' '));
			  if (is_undefined
#ifdef OBJ_ELF
			      || S_IS_WEAK(this_add_symbol)
			      || S_IS_EXTERNAL(this_add_symbol)
#endif
			      )
			    {
			      switch (length)
				{
				default: length_code = STATE_UNDF; break;
				case 1: length_code = STATE_BYTE; break;
				case 2: length_code = STATE_WORD; break;
				case 4: length_code = STATE_LONG; break;
				}
			      /* We have a SEG_UNKNOWN symbol. It might
			         turn out to be in the same segment as
			         the instruction, permitting relaxation.  */
			      p = frag_var (rs_machine_dependent, 5, 2,
			       ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_PC_RELATIVE, length_code),
					    this_add_symbol, this_add_number,
					    opcode_low_byteP);
			      p[0] = at << 4;
			    }
			  else
			    {
			      if (length == 0)
				{
				  know (operandP->vop_short == ' ');
				  length = 4;	/* Longest possible.  */
				}
			      p = frag_more (length + 1);
			      p[0] = 0xF | ((at + "?\12\14?\16"[length]) << 4);
			      md_number_to_chars (p + 1, this_add_number, length);
			      fix_new (frag_now,
				       p + 1 - frag_now->fr_literal,
				       length, this_add_symbol,
				       this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
			    }
			}
		    }
		}
	      else
		{
		  /* {@}{q^}foo(Rn) or S^# or I^# or # */
		  if (operandP->vop_mode < 0xA)
		    {
		      /* # or S^# or I^# */
		      if (operandP->vop_access == 'v'
			  || operandP->vop_access == 'a')
			{
			  if (operandP->vop_access == 'v')
			    as_warn (_("Invalid operand: immediate value used as base address."));
			  else
			    as_warn (_("Invalid operand: immediate value used as address."));
			  /* gcc 2.6.3 is known to generate these in at least
			     one case.  */
			}
		      if (length == 0
			  && is_absolute && (expP->X_op != O_big)
			  && operandP->vop_mode == 8	/* No '@'.  */
			  && this_add_number < 64)
			{
			  operandP->vop_short = 's';
			}
		      if (operandP->vop_short == 's')
			{
			  FRAG_APPEND_1_CHAR (this_add_number);
			}
		      else
			{
			  /* I^#...  */
			  know (nbytes);
			  p = frag_more (nbytes + 1);
			  know (operandP->vop_reg == 0xF);
#ifdef OBJ_ELF
			  if (flag_want_pic && operandP->vop_mode == 8
				&& this_add_symbol != NULL)
			    {
			      as_warn (_("Symbol '%s' used as immediate operand in PIC mode."),
				       S_GET_NAME (this_add_symbol));
			    }
#endif
			  p[0] = (operandP->vop_mode << 4) | 0xF;
			  if ((is_absolute) && (expP->X_op != O_big))
			    {
			      /* If nbytes > 4, then we are scrod. We
			         don't know if the high order bytes
			         are to be 0xFF or 0x00.  BSD4.2 & RMS
			         say use 0x00. OK --- but this
			         assembler needs ANOTHER rewrite to
			         cope properly with this bug.  */
			      md_number_to_chars (p + 1, this_add_number,
						  min (sizeof (valueT),
						       (size_t) nbytes));
			      if ((size_t) nbytes > sizeof (valueT))
				memset (p + 1 + sizeof (valueT),
				        '\0', nbytes - sizeof (valueT));
			    }
			  else
			    {
			      if (expP->X_op == O_big)
				{
				  /* Problem here is to get the bytes
				     in the right order.  We stored
				     our constant as LITTLENUMs, not
				     bytes.  */
				  LITTLENUM_TYPE *lP;

				  lP = floatP->low;
				  if (nbytes & 1)
				    {
				      know (nbytes == 1);
				      p[1] = *lP;
				    }
				  else
				    {
				      for (p++; nbytes; nbytes -= 2, p += 2, lP++)
					md_number_to_chars (p, *lP, 2);
				    }
				}
			      else
				{
				  fix_new (frag_now, p + 1 - frag_now->fr_literal,
					   nbytes, this_add_symbol,
					   this_add_number, 0, NO_RELOC);
				}
			    }
			}
		    }
		  else
		    {
		      /* {@}{q^}foo(Rn) */
		      know ((length == 0 && operandP->vop_short == ' ')
			    || (length > 0 && operandP->vop_short != ' '));
		      if (length == 0)
			{
			  if (is_absolute)
			    {
			      long test;

			      test = this_add_number;

			      if (test < 0)
				test = ~test;

			      length = test & 0xffff8000 ? 4
				: test & 0xffffff80 ? 2
				: 1;
			    }
			  else
			    {
			      length = 4;
			    }
			}
#ifdef OBJ_ELF
		      if (flag_want_pic && this_add_symbol != NULL)
		        {
			  as_warn (_("Symbol '%s' used as displacement in PIC mode."),
			       S_GET_NAME (this_add_symbol));
		        }
#endif
		      p = frag_more (1 + length);
		      know (operandP->vop_reg != 0xf);
		      know (operandP->vop_reg >= 0);
		      p[0] = operandP->vop_reg
			| ((at | "?\12\14?\16"[length]) << 4);
		      if (is_absolute)
			{
			  md_number_to_chars (p + 1, this_add_number, length);
			}
		      else
			{
			  fix_new (frag_now, p + 1 - frag_now->fr_literal,
				   length, this_add_symbol,
				   this_add_number, 0, NO_RELOC);
			}
		    }
		}
	    }
	}
    }
}

void
md_begin (void)
{
  FLONUM_TYPE *fP;
  int i;

  vip_begin (1, "$", "*", "`");

  for (i = 0, fP = float_operand;
       fP < float_operand + VIT_MAX_OPERANDS;
       i++, fP++)
    {
      fP->low = &big_operand_bits[i][0];
      fP->high = &big_operand_bits[i][SIZE_OF_LARGE_NUMBER - 1];
    }
}

bfd_reloc_code_real_type
vax_cons (expressionS *exp, int size)
{
  char *save;
  const char *vax_cons_special_reloc;

  SKIP_WHITESPACE ();
  vax_cons_special_reloc = NULL;
  save = input_line_pointer;
  if (input_line_pointer[0] == '%')
    {
      if (startswith (input_line_pointer + 1, "pcrel"))
	{
	  input_line_pointer += 6;
	  vax_cons_special_reloc = "pcrel";
	}
      if (vax_cons_special_reloc)
	{
	  int bad = 0;

	  switch (size)
	    {
	    case 1:
	      if (*input_line_pointer != '8')
		bad = 1;
	      input_line_pointer--;
	      break;
	    case 2:
	      if (input_line_pointer[0] != '1' || input_line_pointer[1] != '6')
		bad = 1;
	      break;
	    case 4:
	      if (input_line_pointer[0] != '3' || input_line_pointer[1] != '2')
		bad = 1;
	      break;
	    default:
	      bad = 1;
	      break;
	    }

	  if (bad)
	    {
	      as_bad (_("Illegal operands: Only %%r_%s%d allowed in %d-byte data fields"),
		      vax_cons_special_reloc, size * 8, size);
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      input_line_pointer += 2;
	      if (*input_line_pointer != '(')
		{
		  as_bad (_("Illegal operands: %%r_%s%d requires arguments in ()"),
			  vax_cons_special_reloc, size * 8);
		  bad = 1;
		}
	    }

	  if (bad)
	    {
	      input_line_pointer = save;
	      vax_cons_special_reloc = NULL;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      int c;
	      char *end = ++input_line_pointer;
	      int npar = 0;

	      while (! is_end_of_line[(c = *end)])
		{
		  if (c == '(')
	  	    npar++;
		  else if (c == ')')
	  	    {
		      if (!npar)
	      		break;
		      npar--;
		    }
	    	  end++;
		}

	      if (c != ')')
		as_bad (_("Illegal operands: %%r_%s%d requires arguments in ()"),
			vax_cons_special_reloc, size * 8);
	      else
		{
		  *end = '\0';
		  expression (exp);
		  *end = c;
		  if (input_line_pointer != end)
		    {
		      as_bad (_("Illegal operands: %%r_%s%d requires arguments in ()"),
			      vax_cons_special_reloc, size * 8);
		    }
		  else
		    {
		      input_line_pointer++;
		      SKIP_WHITESPACE ();
		      c = *input_line_pointer;
		      if (! is_end_of_line[c] && c != ',')
			as_bad (_("Illegal operands: garbage after %%r_%s%d()"),
			        vax_cons_special_reloc, size * 8);
		    }
		}
	    }
	}
    }
  if (vax_cons_special_reloc == NULL)
    expression (exp);
  else
    switch (size)
      {
      case 1: return BFD_RELOC_8_PCREL;
      case 2: return BFD_RELOC_16_PCREL;
      case 4: return BFD_RELOC_32_PCREL;
      }
  return NO_RELOC;
}

/* This is called by emit_expr via TC_CONS_FIX_NEW when creating a
   reloc for a cons.  */

void
vax_cons_fix_new (fragS *frag, int where, unsigned int nbytes, expressionS *exp,
		  bfd_reloc_code_real_type r)
{
  if (r == NO_RELOC)
    r = (nbytes == 1 ? BFD_RELOC_8
	 : nbytes == 2 ? BFD_RELOC_16
	 : BFD_RELOC_32);

  fix_new_exp (frag, where, (int) nbytes, exp, 0, r);
}

const char *
md_atof (int type, char * litP, int * sizeP)
{
  return vax_md_atof (type, litP, sizeP);
}

void
vax_cfi_frame_initial_instructions (void)
{
  cfi_add_CFA_def_cfa (14, 0);
}

int
tc_vax_regname_to_dw2regnum (char *regname)
{
  unsigned int i;
  static const struct { char *name; int dw2regnum; } regnames[] =
    {
      { "r0",   0 }, { "r1",  1 }, { "r2",   2 }, { "r3",   3 },
      { "r4",   4 }, { "r5",  5 }, { "r6",   6 }, { "r7",   7 },
      { "r8",   8 }, { "r9",  9 }, { "r10", 10 }, { "r11", 11 },
      { "ap",  12 }, { "fp", 13 }, { "sp",  14 }, { "pc",  15 },
      { "psw", 16 },
    };

  for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE (regnames); ++i)
    if (strcmp (regnames[i].name, regname) == 0)
      return regnames[i].dw2regnum;

  return -1;
}

void
vax_cfi_emit_pcrel_expr (expressionS *expP, unsigned int nbytes)
{
  expP->X_add_number += nbytes;
  emit_expr (expP, nbytes);
}