Training courses

Kernel and Embedded Linux

Bootlin training courses

Embedded Linux, kernel,
Yocto Project, Buildroot, real-time,
graphics, boot time, debugging...

Bootlin logo

Elixir Cross Referencer

   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
/*	$NetBSD: refclock_nmea.c,v 1.14 2022/10/09 21:41:04 christos Exp $	*/

/*
 * refclock_nmea.c - clock driver for an NMEA GPS CLOCK
 *		Michael Petry Jun 20, 1994
 *		 based on refclock_heathn.c
 *
 * Updated to add support for Accord GPS Clock
 *		Venu Gopal Dec 05, 2007
 *		neo.venu@gmail.com, venugopal_d@pgad.gov.in
 *
 * Updated to process 'time1' fudge factor
 *		Venu Gopal May 05, 2008
 *
 * Converted to common PPSAPI code, separate PPS fudge time1
 * from serial timecode fudge time2.
 *		Dave Hart July 1, 2009
 *		hart@ntp.org, davehart@davehart.com
 */

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif

#include "ntp_types.h"

#if defined(REFCLOCK) && defined(CLOCK_NMEA)

#define NMEA_WRITE_SUPPORT 0 /* no write support at the moment */

#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H
#include <sys/socket.h>
#endif

#include "ntpd.h"
#include "ntp_io.h"
#include "ntp_unixtime.h"
#include "ntp_refclock.h"
#include "ntp_stdlib.h"
#include "ntp_calgps.h"
#include "timespecops.h"

#ifdef HAVE_PPSAPI
# include "ppsapi_timepps.h"
# include "refclock_atom.h"
#endif /* HAVE_PPSAPI */


/*
 * This driver supports NMEA-compatible GPS receivers
 *
 * Prototype was refclock_trak.c, Thanks a lot.
 *
 * The receiver used spits out the NMEA sentences for boat navigation.
 * And you thought it was an information superhighway.	Try a raging river
 * filled with rapids and whirlpools that rip away your data and warp time.
 *
 * If HAVE_PPSAPI is defined code to use the PPSAPI will be compiled in.
 * On startup if initialization of the PPSAPI fails, it will fall back
 * to the "normal" timestamps.
 *
 * The PPSAPI part of the driver understands fudge flag2 and flag3. If
 * flag2 is set, it will use the clear edge of the pulse. If flag3 is
 * set, kernel hardpps is enabled.
 *
 * GPS sentences other than RMC (the default) may be enabled by setting
 * the relevent bits of 'mode' in the server configuration line
 * server 127.127.20.x mode X
 *
 * bit 0 - enables RMC (1)
 * bit 1 - enables GGA (2)
 * bit 2 - enables GLL (4)
 * bit 3 - enables ZDA (8) - Standard Time & Date
 * bit 3 - enables ZDG (8) - Accord GPS Clock's custom sentence with GPS time
 *			     very close to standard ZDA
 *
 * Multiple sentences may be selected except when ZDG/ZDA is selected.
 *
 * bit 4/5/6 - selects the baudrate for serial port :
 *		0 for 4800 (default)
 *		1 for 9600
 *		2 for 19200
 *		3 for 38400
 *		4 for 57600
 *		5 for 115200
 */
#define NMEA_MESSAGE_MASK	0x0000FF0FU
#define NMEA_BAUDRATE_MASK	0x00000070U
#define NMEA_BAUDRATE_SHIFT	4

#define NMEA_DELAYMEAS_MASK	0x00000080U
#define NMEA_EXTLOG_MASK	0x00010000U
#define NMEA_QUIETPPS_MASK	0x00020000U
#define NMEA_DATETRUST_MASK	0x00040000U

#define NMEA_PROTO_IDLEN	4	/* tag name must be at least 4 chars */
#define NMEA_PROTO_MINLEN	6	/* min chars in sentence, excluding CS */
#define NMEA_PROTO_MAXLEN	80	/* max chars in sentence, excluding CS */
#define NMEA_PROTO_FIELDS	32	/* not official; limit on fields per record */

/*
 * We check the timecode format and decode its contents.  We only care
 * about a few of them, the most important being the $GPRMC format:
 *
 * $GPRMC,hhmmss,a,fddmm.xx,n,dddmmm.xx,w,zz.z,yyy.,ddmmyy,dd,v*CC
 *
 * mode (0,1,2,3) selects sentence ANY/ALL, RMC, GGA, GLL, ZDA
 * $GPGLL,3513.8385,S,14900.7851,E,232420.594,A*21
 * $GPGGA,232420.59,3513.8385,S,14900.7851,E,1,05,3.4,00519,M,,,,*3F
 * $GPRMC,232418.19,A,3513.8386,S,14900.7853,E,00.0,000.0,121199,12.,E*77
 *
 * Defining GPZDA to support Standard Time & Date
 * sentence. The sentence has the following format
 *
 *  $--ZDA,HHMMSS.SS,DD,MM,YYYY,TH,TM,*CS<CR><LF>
 *
 *  Apart from the familiar fields,
 *  'TH'    Time zone Hours
 *  'TM'    Time zone Minutes
 *
 * Defining GPZDG to support Accord GPS Clock's custom NMEA
 * sentence. The sentence has the following format
 *
 *  $GPZDG,HHMMSS.S,DD,MM,YYYY,AA.BB,V*CS<CR><LF>
 *
 *  It contains the GPS timestamp valid for next PPS pulse.
 *  Apart from the familiar fields,
 *  'AA.BB' denotes the signal strength( should be < 05.00 )
 *  'V'	    denotes the GPS sync status :
 *	   '0' indicates INVALID time,
 *	   '1' indicates accuracy of +/-20 ms
 *	   '2' indicates accuracy of +/-100 ns
 *
 * Defining PGRMF for Garmin GPS Fix Data
 * $PGRMF,WN,WS,DATE,TIME,LS,LAT,LAT_DIR,LON,LON_DIR,MODE,FIX,SPD,DIR,PDOP,TDOP
 * WN  -- GPS week number (weeks since 1980-01-06, mod 1024)
 * WS  -- GPS seconds in week
 * LS  -- GPS leap seconds, accumulated ( UTC + LS == GPS )
 * FIX -- Fix type: 0=nofix, 1=2D, 2=3D
 * DATE/TIME are standard date/time strings in UTC time scale
 *
 * The GPS time can be used to get the full century for the truncated
 * date spec.
 */

/*
 * Definitions
 */
#define	DEVICE		"/dev/gps%d"	/* GPS serial device */
#define	PPSDEV		"/dev/gpspps%d"	/* PPSAPI device override */
#define	SPEED232	B4800	/* uart speed (4800 bps) */
#define	PRECISION	(-9)	/* precision assumed (about 2 ms) */
#define	PPS_PRECISION	(-20)	/* precision assumed (about 1 us) */
#define	DATE_HOLD	16	/* seconds to hold on provided GPS date */
#define	DATE_HLIM	4	/* when do we take ANY date format */
#define	REFID		"GPS\0"	/* reference id */
#define	DESCRIPTION	"NMEA GPS Clock" /* who we are */
#ifndef O_NOCTTY
#define M_NOCTTY	0
#else
#define M_NOCTTY	O_NOCTTY
#endif
#ifndef O_NONBLOCK
#define M_NONBLOCK	0
#else
#define M_NONBLOCK	O_NONBLOCK
#endif
#define PPSOPENMODE	(O_RDWR | M_NOCTTY | M_NONBLOCK)

/* NMEA sentence array indexes for those we use */
#define NMEA_GPRMC	0	/* recommended min. nav. */
#define NMEA_GPGGA	1	/* fix and quality */
#define NMEA_GPGLL	2	/* geo. lat/long */
#define NMEA_GPZDA	3	/* date/time */
/*
 * $GPZDG is a proprietary sentence that violates the spec, by not
 * using $P and an assigned company identifier to prefix the sentence
 * identifier.	When used with this driver, the system needs to be
 * isolated from other NTP networks, as it operates in GPS time, not
 * UTC as is much more common.	GPS time is >15 seconds different from
 * UTC due to not respecting leap seconds since 1970 or so.  Other
 * than the different timebase, $GPZDG is similar to $GPZDA.
 */
#define NMEA_GPZDG	4
#define NMEA_PGRMF	5
#define NMEA_PUBX04	6
#define NMEA_ARRAY_SIZE (NMEA_PUBX04 + 1)

/*
 * Sentence selection mode bits
 */
#define USE_GPRMC		0x00000001u
#define USE_GPGGA		0x00000002u
#define USE_GPGLL		0x00000004u
#define USE_GPZDA		0x00000008u
#define USE_PGRMF		0x00000100u
#define USE_PUBX04		0x00000200u

/* mapping from sentence index to controlling mode bit */
static const u_int32 sentence_mode[NMEA_ARRAY_SIZE] =
{
	USE_GPRMC,
	USE_GPGGA,
	USE_GPGLL,
	USE_GPZDA,
	USE_GPZDA,
	USE_PGRMF,
	USE_PUBX04
};

/* date formats we support */
enum date_fmt {
	DATE_1_DDMMYY,	/* use 1 field	with 2-digit year */
	DATE_3_DDMMYYYY	/* use 3 fields with 4-digit year */
};

/* date type */
enum date_type {
	DTYP_NONE,
	DTYP_Y2D,	/* 2-digit year */
	DTYP_W10B,	/* 10-bit week in GPS epoch */
	DTYP_Y4D,	/* 4-digit (full) year */
	DTYP_WEXT	/* extended week in GPS epoch */
};

/* results for 'field_init()'
 *
 * Note: If a checksum is present, the checksum test must pass OK or the
 * sentence is tagged invalid.
 */
#define CHECK_EMPTY  -1	/* no data			*/
#define CHECK_INVALID 0	/* not a valid NMEA sentence	*/
#define CHECK_VALID   1	/* valid but without checksum	*/
#define CHECK_CSVALID 2	/* valid with checksum OK	*/

/*
 * Unit control structure
 */
struct refclock_atom;
typedef struct refclock_atom TAtomUnit;
typedef struct {
#   ifdef HAVE_PPSAPI
	TAtomUnit	atom;		/* PPSAPI structure */
	int		ppsapi_fd;	/* fd used with PPSAPI */
	u_char		ppsapi_tried;	/* attempt PPSAPI once */
	u_char		ppsapi_lit;	/* time_pps_create() worked */
#   endif /* HAVE_PPSAPI */
	uint16_t	rcvtout;	/* one-shot for sample expiration */
	u_char		ppsapi_gate;	/* system is on PPS */
	u_char  	gps_time;	/* use GPS time, not UTC */
	l_fp		last_reftime;	/* last processed reference stamp */
	TNtpDatum	last_gpsdate;	/* last processed split date/time */
	u_short		hold_gpsdate;	/* validity ticker for above */
	u_short		type_gpsdate;	/* date info type for above */
	/* tally stats, reset each poll cycle */
	struct
	{
		u_int total;
		u_int accepted;
		u_int rejected;   /* GPS said not enough signal */
		u_int malformed;  /* Bad checksum, invalid date or time */
		u_int filtered;   /* mode bits, not GPZDG, same second */
		u_int pps_used;
	}
		tally;
	/* per sentence checksum seen flag */
	u_char		cksum_type[NMEA_ARRAY_SIZE];

	/* line assembly buffer (NMEAD support) */
	u_short	lb_len;
	char	lb_buf[BMAX];	/* assembly buffer */
} nmea_unit;

/*
 * helper for faster field access
 */
typedef struct {
	char  *base;	/* buffer base		*/
	char  *cptr;	/* current field ptr	*/
	int    blen;	/* buffer length	*/
	int    cidx;	/* current field index	*/
} nmea_data;

/*
 * Function prototypes
 */
static	int	nmea_start	(int, struct peer *);
static	void	nmea_shutdown	(int, struct peer *);
static	void	nmea_receive	(struct recvbuf *);
static	void	nmea_poll	(int, struct peer *);
static	void	nmea_procrec	(struct peer * const, l_fp);
#ifdef HAVE_PPSAPI
static	double	tabsdiffd	(l_fp, l_fp);
static	void	nmea_control	(int, const struct refclockstat *,
				 struct refclockstat *, struct peer *);
#define		NMEA_CONTROL	nmea_control
#else
#define		NMEA_CONTROL	noentry
#endif /* HAVE_PPSAPI */
static	void	nmea_timer	(int, struct peer *);

/* parsing helpers */
static int	field_init	(nmea_data * data, char * cp, int len);
static char *	field_parse	(nmea_data * data, int fn);
static void	field_wipe	(nmea_data * data, ...);
static u_char	parse_qual	(nmea_data * data, int idx,
				 char tag, int inv);
static int	parse_time	(TCivilDate * jd, l_fp * fofs,
				 nmea_data *, int idx);
static int	parse_date	(TCivilDate * jd, nmea_data *,
				 int idx, enum date_fmt fmt);
static int	parse_gpsw	(TGpsDatum *, nmea_data *,
				 int weekidx, int timeidx, int leapidx);

static int	nmead_open	(const char * device);

/*
 * If we want the driver to output sentences, too: re-enable the send
 * support functions by defining NMEA_WRITE_SUPPORT to non-zero...
 */
#if NMEA_WRITE_SUPPORT

static	void gps_send(int, const char *, struct peer *);
# ifdef SYS_WINNT
#  undef write	/* ports/winnt/include/config.h: #define write _write */
extern int async_write(int, const void *, unsigned int);
#  define write(fd, data, octets)	async_write(fd, data, octets)
# endif /* SYS_WINNT */

#endif /* NMEA_WRITE_SUPPORT */

/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Transfer vector
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
struct refclock refclock_nmea = {
	nmea_start,		/* start up driver */
	nmea_shutdown,		/* shut down driver */
	nmea_poll,		/* transmit poll message */
	NMEA_CONTROL,		/* fudge control */
	noentry,		/* initialize driver */
	noentry,		/* buginfo */
	nmea_timer		/* called once per second */
};


/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 * nmea_start - open the GPS devices and initialize data for processing
 *
 * return 0 on error, 1 on success. Even on error the peer structures
 * must be in a state that permits 'nmea_shutdown()' to clean up all
 * resources, because it will be called immediately to do so.
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
nmea_start(
	int		unit,
	struct peer *	peer
	)
{
	struct refclockproc * const	pp = peer->procptr;
	nmea_unit * const		up = emalloc_zero(sizeof(*up));
	char				device[20];
	size_t				devlen;
	u_int32				rate;
	int				baudrate;
	const char *			baudtext;


	/* Get baudrate choice from mode byte bits 4/5/6 */
	rate = (peer->ttl & NMEA_BAUDRATE_MASK) >> NMEA_BAUDRATE_SHIFT;

	switch (rate) {
	case 0:
		baudrate = SPEED232;
		baudtext = "4800";
		break;
	case 1:
		baudrate = B9600;
		baudtext = "9600";
		break;
	case 2:
		baudrate = B19200;
		baudtext = "19200";
		break;
	case 3:
		baudrate = B38400;
		baudtext = "38400";
		break;
#   ifdef B57600
	case 4:
		baudrate = B57600;
		baudtext = "57600";
		break;
#   endif
#   ifdef B115200
	case 5:
		baudrate = B115200;
		baudtext = "115200";
		break;
#   endif
	default:
		baudrate = SPEED232;
		baudtext = "4800 (fallback)";
		break;
	}

	/* Allocate and initialize unit structure */
	pp->unitptr = (caddr_t)up;
	pp->io.fd = -1;
	pp->io.clock_recv = nmea_receive;
	pp->io.srcclock = peer;
	pp->io.datalen = 0;
	/* force change detection on first valid message */
	memset(&up->last_reftime, 0xFF, sizeof(up->last_reftime));
	memset(&up->last_gpsdate, 0x00, sizeof(up->last_gpsdate));
	/* force checksum on GPRMC, see below */
	up->cksum_type[NMEA_GPRMC] = CHECK_CSVALID;
#   ifdef HAVE_PPSAPI
	up->ppsapi_fd = -1;
#   endif /* HAVE_PPSAPI */
	ZERO(up->tally);

	/* Initialize miscellaneous variables */
	peer->precision = PRECISION;
	pp->clockdesc = DESCRIPTION;
	memcpy(&pp->refid, REFID, 4);

	/* Open serial port. Use CLK line discipline, if available. */
	devlen = snprintf(device, sizeof(device), DEVICE, unit);
	if (devlen >= sizeof(device)) {
		msyslog(LOG_ERR, "%s clock device name too long",
			refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr));
		return FALSE; /* buffer overflow */
	}
	pp->io.fd = refclock_open(device, baudrate, LDISC_CLK);
	if (0 >= pp->io.fd) {
		pp->io.fd = nmead_open(device);
		if (-1 == pp->io.fd)
			return FALSE;
	}
	LOGIF(CLOCKINFO, (LOG_NOTICE, "%s serial %s open at %s bps",
	      refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr), device, baudtext));

	/* succeed if this clock can be added */
	return io_addclock(&pp->io) != 0;
}

/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 * nmea_shutdown - shut down a GPS clock
 *
 * NOTE this routine is called after nmea_start() returns failure,
 * as well as during a normal shutdown due to ntpq :config unpeer.
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static void
nmea_shutdown(
	int           unit,
	struct peer * peer
	)
{
	struct refclockproc * const pp = peer->procptr;
	nmea_unit	    * const up = (nmea_unit *)pp->unitptr;

	UNUSED_ARG(unit);

	if (up != NULL) {
#	    ifdef HAVE_PPSAPI
		if (up->ppsapi_lit)
			time_pps_destroy(up->atom.handle);
		if (up->ppsapi_tried && up->ppsapi_fd != pp->io.fd)
			close(up->ppsapi_fd);
#	    endif
		free(up);
	}
	pp->unitptr = (caddr_t)NULL;
	if (-1 != pp->io.fd)
		io_closeclock(&pp->io);
	pp->io.fd = -1;
}

/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 * nmea_control - configure fudge params
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#ifdef HAVE_PPSAPI
static void
nmea_control(
	int                         unit,
	const struct refclockstat * in_st,
	struct refclockstat       * out_st,
	struct peer               * peer
	)
{
	struct refclockproc * const pp = peer->procptr;
	nmea_unit	    * const up = (nmea_unit *)pp->unitptr;

	char   device[32];
	size_t devlen;

	UNUSED_ARG(in_st);
	UNUSED_ARG(out_st);

	/*
	 * PPS control
	 *
	 * If /dev/gpspps$UNIT can be opened that will be used for
	 * PPSAPI.  Otherwise, the GPS serial device /dev/gps$UNIT
	 * already opened is used for PPSAPI as well. (This might not
	 * work, in which case the PPS API remains unavailable...)
	 */

	/* Light up the PPSAPI interface if not yet attempted. */
	if ((CLK_FLAG1 & pp->sloppyclockflag) && !up->ppsapi_tried) {
		up->ppsapi_tried = TRUE;
		devlen = snprintf(device, sizeof(device), PPSDEV, unit);
		if (devlen < sizeof(device)) {
			up->ppsapi_fd = open(device, PPSOPENMODE,
					     S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
		} else {
			up->ppsapi_fd = -1;
			msyslog(LOG_ERR, "%s PPS device name too long",
				refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr));
		}
		if (-1 == up->ppsapi_fd)
			up->ppsapi_fd = pp->io.fd;
		if (refclock_ppsapi(up->ppsapi_fd, &up->atom)) {
			/* use the PPS API for our own purposes now. */
			up->ppsapi_lit = refclock_params(
				pp->sloppyclockflag, &up->atom);
			if (!up->ppsapi_lit) {
				/* failed to configure, drop PPS unit */
				time_pps_destroy(up->atom.handle);
				msyslog(LOG_WARNING,
					"%s set PPSAPI params fails",
					refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr));
			}
			/* note: the PPS I/O handle remains valid until
			 * flag1 is cleared or the clock is shut down.
			 */
		} else {
			msyslog(LOG_WARNING,
				"%s flag1 1 but PPSAPI fails",
				refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr));
		}
	}

	/* shut down PPS API if activated */
	if ( !(CLK_FLAG1 & pp->sloppyclockflag) && up->ppsapi_tried) {
		/* shutdown PPS API */
		if (up->ppsapi_lit)
			time_pps_destroy(up->atom.handle);
		up->atom.handle = 0;
		/* close/drop PPS fd */
		if (up->ppsapi_fd != pp->io.fd)
			close(up->ppsapi_fd);
		up->ppsapi_fd = -1;

		/* clear markers and peer items */
		up->ppsapi_gate  = FALSE;
		up->ppsapi_lit   = FALSE;
		up->ppsapi_tried = FALSE;

		peer->flags &= ~FLAG_PPS;
		peer->precision = PRECISION;
	}
}
#endif /* HAVE_PPSAPI */

/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 * nmea_timer - called once per second
 *
 * Usually 'nmea_receive()' can get a timestamp every second, but at
 * least one Motorola unit needs prompting each time. Doing so in
 * 'nmea_poll()' gives only one sample per poll cycle, which actually
 * defeats the purpose of the median filter. Polling once per second
 * seems a much better idea.
 *
 * Also takes care of sample expiration if the receiver fails to
 * provide new input data.
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static void
nmea_timer(
	int	      unit,
	struct peer * peer
	)
{
	struct refclockproc * const pp = peer->procptr;
	nmea_unit	    * const up = (nmea_unit *)pp->unitptr;

	UNUSED_ARG(unit);

#   if NMEA_WRITE_SUPPORT

	if (-1 != pp->io.fd) /* any mode bits to evaluate here? */
		gps_send(pp->io.fd, "$PMOTG,RMC,0000*1D\r\n", peer);

#   endif /* NMEA_WRITE_SUPPORT */

	/* receive timeout occurred? */
	if (up->rcvtout) {
		--up->rcvtout;
	} else if (pp->codeproc != pp->coderecv) {
		/* expire one (the oldest) sample, if any */
		refclock_samples_expire(pp, 1);
		/* reset message assembly buffer */
		up->lb_buf[0] = '\0';
		up->lb_len    = 0;
	}

	if (up->hold_gpsdate && (--up->hold_gpsdate < DATE_HLIM))
		up->type_gpsdate = DTYP_NONE;
}

/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 * nmea_procrec - receive data from the serial interface
 *
 * This is the workhorse for NMEA data evaluation:
 *
 * + it checks all NMEA data, and rejects sentences that are not valid
 *   NMEA sentences
 * + it checks whether a sentence is known and to be used
 * + it parses the time and date data from the NMEA data string and
 *   augments the missing bits. (century in date, whole date, ...)
 * + it rejects data that is not from the first accepted sentence in a
 *   burst
 * + it eventually replaces the receive time with the PPS edge time.
 * + it feeds the data to the internal processing stages.
 *
 * This function assumes a non-empty line in the unit line buffer.
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static void
nmea_procrec(
	struct peer * const	peer,
	l_fp 	  		rd_timestamp
	)
{
	/* declare & init control structure pointers */
	struct refclockproc * const pp = peer->procptr;
	nmea_unit	    * const up = (nmea_unit*)pp->unitptr;

	/* Use these variables to hold data until we decide its worth keeping */
	nmea_data rdata;
	l_fp 	  rd_reftime;

	/* working stuff */
	TCivilDate	date;	/* to keep & convert the time stamp */
	TGpsDatum	wgps;	/* week time storage */
	TNtpDatum	dntp;
	l_fp		tofs;	/* offset to full-second reftime */
	/* results of sentence/date/time parsing */
	u_char		sentence;	/* sentence tag */
	int		checkres;
	int		warp;		/* warp to GPS base date */
	char *		cp;
	int		rc_date, rc_time;
	u_short		rc_dtyp;
#   ifdef HAVE_PPSAPI
	int		withpps = 0;
#   endif /* HAVE_PPSAPI */

	/* make sure data has defined pristine state */
	ZERO(tofs);
	ZERO(date);
	ZERO(wgps);
	ZERO(dntp);

	/*
	 * Read the timecode and timestamp, then initialize field
	 * processing. The <CR><LF> at the NMEA line end is translated
	 * to <LF><LF> by the terminal input routines on most systems,
	 * and this gives us one spurious empty read per record which we
	 * better ignore silently.
	 */
	checkres = field_init(&rdata, up->lb_buf, up->lb_len);
	switch (checkres) {

	case CHECK_INVALID:
		DPRINTF(1, ("%s invalid data: '%s'\n",
			refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr), up->lb_buf));
		refclock_report(peer, CEVNT_BADREPLY);
		return;

	case CHECK_EMPTY:
		return;

	default:
		DPRINTF(1, ("%s gpsread: %d '%s'\n",
			refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr), up->lb_len,
			up->lb_buf));
		break;
	}
	up->tally.total++;

	/*
	 * --> below this point we have a valid NMEA sentence <--
	 *
	 * Check sentence name. Skip first 2 chars (talker ID) in most
	 * cases, to allow for $GLGGA and $GPGGA etc. Since the name
	 * field has at least 5 chars we can simply shift the field
	 * start.
	 */
	cp = field_parse(&rdata, 0);
	if      (strncmp(cp + 2, "RMC,", 4) == 0)
		sentence = NMEA_GPRMC;
	else if (strncmp(cp + 2, "GGA,", 4) == 0)
		sentence = NMEA_GPGGA;
	else if (strncmp(cp + 2, "GLL,", 4) == 0)
		sentence = NMEA_GPGLL;
	else if (strncmp(cp + 2, "ZDA,", 4) == 0)
		sentence = NMEA_GPZDA;
	else if (strncmp(cp + 2, "ZDG,", 4) == 0)
		sentence = NMEA_GPZDG;
	else if (strncmp(cp,   "PGRMF,", 6) == 0)
		sentence = NMEA_PGRMF;
	else if (strncmp(cp,   "PUBX,04,", 8) == 0)
		sentence = NMEA_PUBX04;
	else
		return;	/* not something we know about */

	/* Eventually output delay measurement now. */
	if (peer->ttl & NMEA_DELAYMEAS_MASK) {
		mprintf_clock_stats(&peer->srcadr, "delay %0.6f %.*s",
			 ldexp(rd_timestamp.l_uf, -32),
			 (int)(strchr(up->lb_buf, ',') - up->lb_buf),
			 up->lb_buf);
	}

	/* See if I want to process this message type */
	if ((peer->ttl & NMEA_MESSAGE_MASK) &&
	    !(peer->ttl & sentence_mode[sentence])) {
		up->tally.filtered++;
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * make sure it came in clean
	 *
	 * Apparently, older NMEA specifications (which are expensive)
	 * did not require the checksum for all sentences.  $GPMRC is
	 * the only one so far identified which has always been required
	 * to include a checksum.
	 *
	 * Today, most NMEA GPS receivers checksum every sentence.  To
	 * preserve its error-detection capabilities with modern GPSes
	 * while allowing operation without checksums on all but $GPMRC,
	 * we keep track of whether we've ever seen a valid checksum on
	 * a given sentence, and if so, reject future instances without
	 * checksum.  ('up->cksum_type[NMEA_GPRMC]' is set in
	 * 'nmea_start()' to enforce checksums for $GPRMC right from the
	 * start.)
	 */
	if (up->cksum_type[sentence] <= (u_char)checkres) {
		up->cksum_type[sentence] = (u_char)checkres;
	} else {
		DPRINTF(1, ("%s checksum missing: '%s'\n",
			refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr), up->lb_buf));
		refclock_report(peer, CEVNT_BADREPLY);
		up->tally.malformed++;
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * $GPZDG provides GPS time not UTC, and the two mix poorly.
	 * Once have processed a $GPZDG, do not process any further UTC
	 * sentences (all but $GPZDG currently).
	 */
	if (sentence == NMEA_GPZDG) {
		if (!up->gps_time) {
			msyslog(LOG_INFO,
				"%s using GPS time as if it were UTC",
				refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr));
			up->gps_time = 1;
		}
	} else {
		if (up->gps_time) {
			up->tally.filtered++;
			return;
		}
	}

	DPRINTF(1, ("%s processing %d bytes, timecode '%s'\n",
		refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr), up->lb_len, up->lb_buf));

	/*
	 * Grab fields depending on clock string type and possibly wipe
	 * sensitive data from the last timecode.
	 */
	rc_date = -1;	/* assume we have to do day-time mapping */
	rc_dtyp = DTYP_NONE;
       	switch (sentence) {

	case NMEA_GPRMC:
		/* Check quality byte, fetch data & time */
		rc_time	 = parse_time(&date, &tofs, &rdata, 1);
		pp->leap = parse_qual(&rdata, 2, 'A', 0);
		if (up->type_gpsdate <= DTYP_Y2D) {
			rc_date	= parse_date(&date, &rdata, 9, DATE_1_DDMMYY);
			rc_dtyp = DTYP_Y2D;
		}
 		if (CLK_FLAG4 & pp->sloppyclockflag)
			field_wipe(&rdata, 3, 4, 5, 6, -1);
		break;

	case NMEA_GPGGA:
		/* Check quality byte, fetch time only */
		rc_time	 = parse_time(&date, &tofs, &rdata, 1);
		pp->leap = parse_qual(&rdata, 6, '0', 1);
		if (CLK_FLAG4 & pp->sloppyclockflag)
			field_wipe(&rdata, 2, 4, -1);
		break;

	case NMEA_GPGLL:
		/* Check quality byte, fetch time only */
		rc_time	 = parse_time(&date, &tofs, &rdata, 5);
		pp->leap = parse_qual(&rdata, 6, 'A', 0);
		if (CLK_FLAG4 & pp->sloppyclockflag)
			field_wipe(&rdata, 1, 3, -1);
		break;

	case NMEA_GPZDA:
		/* No quality.	Assume best, fetch time & full date */
		rc_time	= parse_time(&date, &tofs, &rdata, 1);
		if (up->type_gpsdate <= DTYP_Y4D) {
			rc_date	= parse_date(&date, &rdata, 2, DATE_3_DDMMYYYY);
			rc_dtyp = DTYP_Y4D;
		}
		break;

	case NMEA_GPZDG:
		/* Check quality byte, fetch time & full date */
		rc_time	 = parse_time(&date, &tofs, &rdata, 1);
		pp->leap = parse_qual(&rdata, 4, '0', 1);
		--tofs.l_ui; /* GPZDG gives *following* second */
		if (up->type_gpsdate <= DTYP_Y4D) {
			rc_date	= parse_date(&date, &rdata, 2, DATE_3_DDMMYYYY);
			rc_dtyp = DTYP_Y4D;
		}
		break;

	case NMEA_PGRMF:
		/* get time, qualifier and GPS weektime. */
		rc_time = parse_time(&date, &tofs, &rdata, 4);
		if (up->type_gpsdate <= DTYP_W10B) {
			rc_date = parse_gpsw(&wgps, &rdata, 1, 2, 5);
			rc_dtyp = DTYP_W10B;
		}
		pp->leap = parse_qual(&rdata, 11, '0', 1);
		if (CLK_FLAG4 & pp->sloppyclockflag)
			field_wipe(&rdata, 6, 8, -1);
		break;

	case NMEA_PUBX04:
		/* PUBX,04 is peculiar. The UTC time-of-week is the *internal*
		 * time base, which is not exactly on par with the fix time.
		 */
		rc_time = parse_time(&date, &tofs, &rdata, 2);
		if (up->type_gpsdate <= DTYP_WEXT) {
			rc_date = parse_gpsw(&wgps, &rdata, 5, 4, -1);
			rc_dtyp = DTYP_WEXT;
		}
		break;

	default:
		INVARIANT(0);	/* Coverity 97123 */
		return;
	}

	/* check clock sanity; [bug 2143] */
	if (pp->leap == LEAP_NOTINSYNC) { /* no good status? */
		checkres = CEVNT_PROP;
		up->tally.rejected++;
	}
	/* Check sanity of time-of-day. */
	else if (rc_time == 0) {	/* no time or conversion error? */
		checkres = CEVNT_BADTIME;
		up->tally.malformed++;
	}
	/* Check sanity of date. */
	else if (rc_date == 0) {	/* no date or conversion error? */
		checkres = CEVNT_BADDATE;
		up->tally.malformed++;
	}
	else {
		checkres = -1;
	}

	if (checkres != -1) {
		refclock_save_lcode(pp, up->lb_buf, up->lb_len);
		refclock_report(peer, checkres);
		return;
	}

	/* See if we can augment the receive time stamp. If not, apply
	 * fudge time 2 to the receive time stamp directly.
	 */
#   ifdef HAVE_PPSAPI
	if (up->ppsapi_lit && pp->leap != LEAP_NOTINSYNC)
		withpps = refclock_ppsaugment(
			&up->atom, &rd_timestamp,
			pp->fudgetime2, pp->fudgetime1);
	else
#   endif /* HAVE_PPSAPI */
		rd_timestamp = ntpfp_with_fudge(
			rd_timestamp, pp->fudgetime2);

	/* set the GPS base date, if possible */
	warp = !(peer->ttl & NMEA_DATETRUST_MASK);
	if (rc_dtyp != DTYP_NONE) {
		DPRINTF(1, ("%s saving date, type=%hu\n",
			    refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr), rc_dtyp));
		switch (rc_dtyp) {
		case DTYP_W10B:
			up->last_gpsdate = gpsntp_from_gpscal_ex(
				&wgps, (warp = TRUE));
			break;
		case DTYP_WEXT:
			up->last_gpsdate = gpsntp_from_gpscal_ex(
				&wgps, warp);
			break;
		default:
			up->last_gpsdate = gpsntp_from_calendar_ex(
				&date, tofs, warp);
			break;
		}
		up->type_gpsdate = rc_dtyp;
		up->hold_gpsdate = DATE_HOLD;
	}
	/* now convert and possibly extend/expand the time stamp. */
	if (up->hold_gpsdate) {	/* time of day, based */
		dntp = gpsntp_from_daytime2_ex(
			&date, tofs, &up->last_gpsdate, warp);
	} else {		/* time of day, floating */
		dntp = gpsntp_from_daytime1_ex(
			&date, tofs, rd_timestamp, warp);
	}

	if (debug) {
		/* debug print time stamp */
		gpsntp_to_calendar(&date, &dntp);
#	    ifdef HAVE_PPSAPI
		DPRINTF(1, ("%s effective timecode: %s (%s PPS)\n",
			    refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr),
			    ntpcal_iso8601std(NULL, 0, &date),
			    (withpps ? "with" : "without")));
#	    else /* ?HAVE_PPSAPI */
		DPRINTF(1, ("%s effective timecode: %s\n",
			    refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr),
			    ntpcal_iso8601std(NULL, 0, &date)));
#	    endif /* !HAVE_PPSAPI */
	}

	/* Get the reference time stamp from the calendar buffer.
	 * Process the new sample in the median filter and determine the
	 * timecode timestamp, but only if the PPS is not in control.
	 * Discard sentence if reference time did not change.
	 */
	rd_reftime = ntpfp_from_ntpdatum(&dntp);
	if (L_ISEQU(&up->last_reftime, &rd_reftime)) {
		/* Do not touch pp->a_lastcode on purpose! */
		up->tally.filtered++;
		return;
	}
	up->last_reftime = rd_reftime;

	DPRINTF(1, ("%s using '%s'\n",
		    refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr), up->lb_buf));

	/* Data will be accepted. Update stats & log data. */
	up->tally.accepted++;
	refclock_save_lcode(pp, up->lb_buf, up->lb_len);
	pp->lastrec = rd_timestamp;

	/* If we have PPS augmented receive time, we *must* have a
	 * working PPS source and we must set the flags accordingly.
	 */
#   ifdef HAVE_PPSAPI
	if (withpps) {
		up->ppsapi_gate = TRUE;
		peer->precision = PPS_PRECISION;
		if (tabsdiffd(rd_reftime, rd_timestamp) < 0.5) {
			if ( ! (peer->ttl & NMEA_QUIETPPS_MASK))
				peer->flags |= FLAG_PPS;
			DPRINTF(2, ("%s PPS_RELATE_PHASE\n",
				    refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr)));
			up->tally.pps_used++;
		} else {
			DPRINTF(2, ("%s PPS_RELATE_EDGE\n",
				    refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr)));
		}
		/* !Note! 'FLAG_PPS' is reset in 'nmea_poll()' */
	}
#   endif /* HAVE_PPSAPI */
	/* Whether the receive time stamp is PPS-augmented or not,
	 * the proper fudge offset is already applied. There's no
	 * residual fudge to process.
	 */
	refclock_process_offset(pp, rd_reftime, rd_timestamp, 0.0);
	up->rcvtout = 2;
}

/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 * nmea_receive - receive data from the serial interface
 *
 * With serial IO only, a single call to 'refclock_gtlin()' to get the
 * string would suffice to get the NMEA data. When using NMEAD, this
 * does unfortunately no longer hold, since TCP is stream oriented and
 * not line oriented, and there's no one to do the line-splitting work
 * of the TTY driver in line/cooked mode.
 *
 * So we have to do this manually here, and we have to live with the
 * fact that there could be more than one sentence in a receive buffer.
 * Likewise, there can be partial messages on either end. (Strictly
 * speaking, a receive buffer could also contain just a single fragment,
 * though that's unlikely.)
 *
 * We deal with that by scanning the input buffer, copying bytes from
 * the receive buffer to the assembly buffer as we go and calling the
 * record processor every time we hit a CR/LF, provided the resulting
 * line is not empty. Any leftovers are kept for the next round.
 *
 * Note: When used with a serial data stream, there's no change to the
 * previous line-oriented input: One line is copied to the buffer and
 * processed per call. Only with NMEAD the behavior changes, and the
 * timing is badly affected unless a PPS channel is also associated with
 * the clock instance. TCP leaves us nothing to improve on here.
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static void
nmea_receive(
	struct recvbuf * rbufp
	)
{
	/* declare & init control structure pointers */
	struct peer	    * const peer = rbufp->recv_peer;
	struct refclockproc * const pp = peer->procptr;
	nmea_unit	    * const up = (nmea_unit*)pp->unitptr;

	const char *sp, *se;
	char	   *dp, *de;

	/* paranoia check: */
	if (up->lb_len >= sizeof(up->lb_buf))
		up->lb_len = 0;

	/* pick up last assembly position; leave room for NUL */
	dp = up->lb_buf + up->lb_len;
	de = up->lb_buf + sizeof(up->lb_buf) - 1;
	/* set up input range */
	sp = (const char *)rbufp->recv_buffer;
	se = sp + rbufp->recv_length;

	/* walk over the input data, dropping parity bits and control
	 * chars as we go, and calling the record processor for each
	 * complete non-empty line.
	 */
	while (sp != se) {
		char ch = (*sp++ & 0x7f);
		if (dp == up->lb_buf) {
			if (ch == '$')
				*dp++ = ch;
		} else if (dp > de) {
			dp = up->lb_buf;
		} else if (ch == '\n' || ch == '\r') {
			*dp = '\0';
			up->lb_len = (int)(dp - up->lb_buf);
			dp = up->lb_buf;
			nmea_procrec(peer, rbufp->recv_time);
		} else if (ch >= 0x20 && ch < 0x7f) {
			*dp++ = ch;
		}
	}
	/* update state to keep for next round */
	*dp = '\0';
	up->lb_len = (int)(dp - up->lb_buf);
}

/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 * nmea_poll - called by the transmit procedure
 *
 * Does the necessary bookkeeping stuff to keep the reported state of
 * the clock in sync with reality.
 *
 * We go to great pains to avoid changing state here, since there may
 * be more than one eavesdropper receiving the same timecode.
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static void
nmea_poll(
	int           unit,
	struct peer * peer
	)
{
	struct refclockproc * const pp = peer->procptr;
	nmea_unit	    * const up = (nmea_unit *)pp->unitptr;

	/*
	 * Process median filter samples. If none received, declare a
	 * timeout and keep going.
	 */
#   ifdef HAVE_PPSAPI
	/*
	 * If we don't have PPS pulses and time stamps, turn PPS down
	 * for now.
	 */
	if (!up->ppsapi_gate) {
		peer->flags &= ~FLAG_PPS;
		peer->precision = PRECISION;
	} else {
		up->ppsapi_gate = FALSE;
	}
#   endif /* HAVE_PPSAPI */

	/*
	 * If the median filter is empty, claim a timeout. Else process
	 * the input data and keep the stats going.
	 */
	if (pp->coderecv == pp->codeproc) {
		peer->flags &= ~FLAG_PPS;
		if (pp->currentstatus < CEVNT_TIMEOUT)
		    refclock_report(peer, CEVNT_TIMEOUT);
		memset(&up->last_gpsdate, 0, sizeof(up->last_gpsdate));
	} else {
		pp->polls++;
		pp->lastref = pp->lastrec;
		refclock_receive(peer);
		if (pp->currentstatus > CEVNT_NOMINAL)
		    refclock_report(peer, CEVNT_NOMINAL);
	}

	/*
	 * If extended logging is required, write the tally stats to the
	 * clockstats file; otherwise just do a normal clock stats
	 * record. Clear the tally stats anyway.
	*/
	if (peer->ttl & NMEA_EXTLOG_MASK) {
		/* Log & reset counters with extended logging */
		const char *nmea = pp->a_lastcode;
		if (*nmea == '\0') nmea = "(none)";
		mprintf_clock_stats(
		  &peer->srcadr, "%s  %u %u %u %u %u %u",
		  nmea,
		  up->tally.total, up->tally.accepted,
		  up->tally.rejected, up->tally.malformed,
		  up->tally.filtered, up->tally.pps_used);
	} else {
		record_clock_stats(&peer->srcadr, pp->a_lastcode);
	}
	ZERO(up->tally);
}

#if NMEA_WRITE_SUPPORT
/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 *  gps_send(fd, cmd, peer)	Sends a command to the GPS receiver.
 *   as in gps_send(fd, "rqts,u", peer);
 *
 * If 'cmd' starts with a '$' it is assumed that this command is in raw
 * format, that is, starts with '$', ends with '<cr><lf>' and that any
 * checksum is correctly provided; the command will be send 'as is' in
 * that case. Otherwise the function will create the necessary frame
 * (start char, chksum, final CRLF) on the fly.
 *
 * We don't currently send any data, but would like to send RTCM SC104
 * messages for differential positioning. It should also give us better
 * time. Without a PPS output, we're Just fooling ourselves because of
 * the serial code paths
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static void
gps_send(
	int           fd,
	const char  * cmd,
	struct peer * peer
	)
{
	/* $...*xy<CR><LF><NUL> add 7 */
	char	      buf[NMEA_PROTO_MAXLEN + 7];
	int	      len;
	u_char	      dcs;
	const u_char *beg, *end;

	if (*cmd != '$') {
		/* get checksum and length */
		beg = end = (const u_char*)cmd;
		dcs = 0;
		while (*end >= ' ' && *end != '*')
			dcs ^= *end++;
		len = end - beg;
		/* format into output buffer with overflow check */
		len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "$%.*s*%02X\r\n",
			       len, beg, dcs);
		if ((size_t)len >= sizeof(buf)) {
			DPRINTF(1, ("%s gps_send: buffer overflow for command '%s'\n",
				    refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr), cmd));
			return;	/* game over player 1 */
		}
		cmd = buf;
	} else {
		len = strlen(cmd);
	}

	DPRINTF(1, ("%s gps_send: '%.*s'\n", refnumtoa(&peer->srcadr),
		len - 2, cmd));

	/* send out the whole stuff */
	if (write(fd, cmd, len) == -1)
		refclock_report(peer, CEVNT_FAULT);
}
#endif /* NMEA_WRITE_SUPPORT */

/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 * helpers for faster field splitting
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * set up a field record, check syntax and verify checksum
 *
 * format is $XXXXX,1,2,3,4*ML
 *
 * 8-bit XOR of characters between $ and * noninclusive is transmitted
 * in last two chars M and L holding most and least significant nibbles
 * in hex representation such as:
 *
 *   $GPGLL,5057.970,N,00146.110,E,142451,A*27
 *   $GPVTG,089.0,T,,,15.2,N,,*7F
 *
 * Some other constraints:
 * + The field name must be at least 5 upcase characters or digits and
 *   must start with a character.
 * + The checksum (if present) must be uppercase hex digits.
 * + The length of a sentence is limited to 80 characters (not including
 *   the final CR/LF nor the checksum, but including the leading '$')
 *
 * Return values:
 *  + CHECK_INVALID
 *	The data does not form a valid NMEA sentence or a checksum error
 *	occurred.
 *  + CHECK_VALID
 *	The data is a valid NMEA sentence but contains no checksum.
 *  + CHECK_CSVALID
 *	The data is a valid NMEA sentence and passed the checksum test.
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
field_init(
	nmea_data * data,	/* context structure		       */
	char 	  * cptr,	/* start of raw data		       */
	int	    dlen	/* data len, not counting trailing NUL */
	)
{
	u_char cs_l;	/* checksum local computed	*/
	u_char cs_r;	/* checksum remote given	*/
	char * eptr;	/* buffer end end pointer	*/
	char   tmp;	/* char buffer 			*/

	cs_l = 0;
	cs_r = 0;
	/* some basic input constraints */
	if (dlen < 0)
		dlen = 0;
	eptr = cptr + dlen;
	*eptr = '\0';

	/* load data context */
	data->base = cptr;
	data->cptr = cptr;
	data->cidx = 0;
	data->blen = dlen;

	/* syntax check follows here. check allowed character
	 * sequences, updating the local computed checksum as we go.
	 *
	 * regex equiv: '^\$[A-Z][A-Z0-9]{4,}[^*]*(\*[0-9A-F]{2})?$'
	 */

	/* -*- start character: '^\$' */
	if (*cptr == '\0')
		return CHECK_EMPTY;
	if (*cptr++ != '$')
		return CHECK_INVALID;

	/* -*- advance context beyond start character */
	data->base++;
	data->cptr++;
	data->blen--;

	/* -*- field name: '[A-Z][A-Z0-9]{4,},' */
	if (*cptr < 'A' || *cptr > 'Z')
		return CHECK_INVALID;
	cs_l ^= *cptr++;
	while ((*cptr >= 'A' && *cptr <= 'Z') ||
	       (*cptr >= '0' && *cptr <= '9')  )
		cs_l ^= *cptr++;
	if (*cptr != ',' || (cptr - data->base) < NMEA_PROTO_IDLEN)
		return CHECK_INVALID;
	cs_l ^= *cptr++;

	/* -*- data: '[^*]*' */
	while (*cptr && *cptr != '*')
		cs_l ^= *cptr++;

	/* -*- checksum field: (\*[0-9A-F]{2})?$ */
	if (*cptr == '\0')
		return CHECK_VALID;
	if (*cptr != '*' || cptr != eptr - 3 ||
	    (cptr - data->base) >= NMEA_PROTO_MAXLEN)
		return CHECK_INVALID;

	for (cptr++; (tmp = *cptr) != '\0'; cptr++) {
		if (tmp >= '0' && tmp <= '9')
			cs_r = (cs_r << 4) + (tmp - '0');
		else if (tmp >= 'A' && tmp <= 'F')
			cs_r = (cs_r << 4) + (tmp - 'A' + 10);
		else
			break;
	}

	/* -*- make sure we are at end of string and csum matches */
	if (cptr != eptr || cs_l != cs_r)
		return CHECK_INVALID;

	return CHECK_CSVALID;
}

/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 * fetch a data field by index, zero being the name field. If this
 * function is called repeatedly with increasing indices, the total load
 * is O(n), n being the length of the string; if it is called with
 * decreasing indices, the total load is O(n^2). Try not to go backwards
 * too often.
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static char *
field_parse(
	nmea_data * data,
	int 	    fn
	)
{
	char tmp;

	if (fn < data->cidx) {
		data->cidx = 0;
		data->cptr = data->base;
	}
	while ((fn > data->cidx) && (tmp = *data->cptr) != '\0') {
		data->cidx += (tmp == ',');
		data->cptr++;
	}
	return data->cptr;
}

/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Wipe (that is, overwrite with '_') data fields and the checksum in
 * the last timecode.  The list of field indices is given as integers
 * in a varargs list, preferably in ascending order, in any case
 * terminated by a negative field index.
 *
 * A maximum number of 8 fields can be overwritten at once to guard
 * against runaway (that is, unterminated) argument lists.
 *
 * This function affects what a remote user can see with
 *
 * ntpq -c clockvar <server>
 *
 * Note that this also removes the wiped fields from any clockstats
 * log.	 Some NTP operators monitor their NMEA GPS using the change in
 * location in clockstats over time as as a proxy for the quality of
 * GPS reception and thereby time reported.
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static void
field_wipe(
	nmea_data * data,
	...
	)
{
	va_list	va;		/* vararg index list */
	int	fcnt;		/* safeguard against runaway arglist */
	int	fidx;		/* field to nuke, or -1 for checksum */
	char  * cp;		/* overwrite destination */

	fcnt = 8;
	cp = NULL;
	va_start(va, data);
	do {
		fidx = va_arg(va, int);
		if (fidx >= 0 && fidx <= NMEA_PROTO_FIELDS) {
			cp = field_parse(data, fidx);
		} else {
			cp = data->base + data->blen;
			if (data->blen >= 3 && cp[-3] == '*')
				cp -= 2;
		}
		for ( ; '\0' != *cp && '*' != *cp && ',' != *cp; cp++)
			if ('.' != *cp)
				*cp = '_';
	} while (fcnt-- && fidx >= 0);
	va_end(va);
}

/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 * PARSING HELPERS
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
typedef unsigned char const UCC;

static char const * const s_eof_chars = ",*\r\n";

static int field_length(UCC *cp, unsigned int nfields)
{
	char const * ep = (char const*)cp;
	ep = strpbrk(ep, s_eof_chars);
	if (ep && nfields)
		while (--nfields && ep && *ep == ',')
			ep = strpbrk(ep + 1, s_eof_chars);
	return (ep)
	    ? (int)((UCC*)ep - cp)
	    : (int)strlen((char const*)cp);
}

/* /[,*\r\n]/ --> skip */
static int _parse_eof(UCC *cp, UCC ** ep)
{
	int rc = (strchr(s_eof_chars, *(char const*)cp) != NULL);
	*ep = cp + rc;
	return rc;
}

/* /,/ --> skip */
static int _parse_sep(UCC *cp, UCC ** ep)
{
	int rc = (*cp == ',');
	*ep = cp + rc;
	return rc;
}

/* /[[:digit:]]{2}/ --> uint16_t */
static int _parse_num2d(UCC *cp, UCC ** ep, uint16_t *into)
{
	int	rc = FALSE;

	if (isdigit(cp[0]) && isdigit(cp[1])) {
		*into = (cp[0] - '0') * 10 + (cp[1] - '0');
		cp += 2;
		rc = TRUE;
	}
	*ep = cp;
	return rc;
}

/* /[[:digit:]]+/ --> uint16_t */
static int _parse_u16(UCC *cp, UCC **ep, uint16_t *into, unsigned int ndig)
{
	uint16_t	num = 0;
	int		rc  = FALSE;
	if (isdigit(*cp) && ndig) {
		rc = TRUE;
		do
			num = (num * 10) + (*cp - '0');
		while (isdigit(*++cp) && --ndig);
		*into = num;
	}
	*ep = cp;
	return rc;
}

/* /[[:digit:]]+/ --> uint32_t */
static int _parse_u32(UCC *cp, UCC **ep, uint32_t *into, unsigned int ndig)
{
	uint32_t	num = 0;
	int		rc  = FALSE;
	if (isdigit(*cp) && ndig) {
		rc = TRUE;
		do
			num = (num * 10) + (*cp - '0');
		while (isdigit(*++cp) && --ndig);
		*into = num;
	}
	*ep = cp;
	return rc;
}

/* /(\.[[:digit:]]*)?/ --> l_fp{0, f}
 * read fractional seconds, convert to l_fp
 *
 * Only the first 9 decimal digits are evaluated; any excess is parsed
 * away but silently ignored. (--> truncation to 1 nanosecond)
 */
static int _parse_frac(UCC *cp, UCC **ep, l_fp *into)
{
	static const uint32_t powtab[10] = {
		        0,
		100000000, 10000000, 1000000,
		   100000,    10000,    1000,
		      100,       10,       1
	};

	struct timespec	ts;
	ZERO(ts);
	if (*cp == '.') {
		uint32_t fval = 0;
		UCC *    sp   = cp + 1;
		if (_parse_u32(sp, &cp, &fval, 9))
			ts.tv_nsec = fval * powtab[(size_t)(cp - sp)];
		while (isdigit(*cp))
			++cp;
	}

	*ep   = cp;
	*into = tspec_intv_to_lfp(ts);
	return TRUE;
}

/* /[[:digit:]]{6}/ --> time-of-day
 * parses a number string representing 'HHMMSS'
 */
static int _parse_time(UCC *cp, UCC ** ep, TCivilDate *into)
{
	uint16_t	s, m, h;
	int		rc;
	UCC *		xp = cp;

	rc =   _parse_num2d(cp, &cp, &h) && (h < 24)
	    && _parse_num2d(cp, &cp, &m) && (m < 60)
	    && _parse_num2d(cp, &cp, &s) && (s < 61); /* leap seconds! */

	if (rc) {
		into->hour   = (uint8_t)h;
		into->minute = (uint8_t)m;
		into->second = (uint8_t)s;
		*ep = cp;
	} else {
		*ep = xp;
		DPRINTF(1, ("nmea: invalid time code: '%.*s'\n",
			    field_length(xp, 1), xp));
	}
	return rc;
}

/* /[[:digit:]]{6}/ --> civil date
 * parses a number string representing 'ddmmyy'
 */
static int _parse_date1(UCC *cp, UCC **ep, TCivilDate *into)
{
	unsigned short	d, m, y;
	int		rc;
	UCC *		xp = cp;

	rc =   _parse_num2d(cp, &cp, &d) && (d - 1 < 31)
	    && _parse_num2d(cp, &cp, &m) && (m - 1 < 12)
	    && _parse_num2d(cp, &cp, &y)
	    && _parse_eof(cp, ep);
	if (rc) {
		into->monthday = (uint8_t )d;
		into->month    = (uint8_t )m;
		into->year     = (uint16_t)y;
		*ep = cp;
	} else {
		*ep = xp;
		DPRINTF(1, ("nmea: invalid date code: '%.*s'\n",
			    field_length(xp, 1), xp));
	}
	return rc;
}

/* /[[:digit:]]+,[[:digit:]]+,[[:digit:]]+/ --> civil date
 * parses three successive numeric fields as date: day,month,year
 */
static int _parse_date3(UCC *cp, UCC **ep, TCivilDate *into)
{
	uint16_t	d, m, y;
	int		rc;
	UCC *		xp = cp;

	rc =   _parse_u16(cp, &cp, &d, 2) && (d - 1 < 31)
	    && _parse_sep(cp, &cp)
	    && _parse_u16(cp, &cp, &m, 2) && (m - 1 < 12)
	    && _parse_sep(cp, &cp)
	    && _parse_u16(cp, &cp, &y, 4) && (y > 1980)
	    && _parse_eof(cp, ep);
	if (rc) {
		into->monthday = (uint8_t )d;
		into->month    = (uint8_t )m;
		into->year     = (uint16_t)y;
		*ep = cp;
	} else {
		*ep = xp;
		DPRINTF(1, ("nmea: invalid date code: '%.*s'\n",
			    field_length(xp, 3), xp));
	}
	return rc;
}

/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Check sync status
 *
 * If the character at the data field start matches the tag value,
 * return LEAP_NOWARNING and LEAP_NOTINSYNC otherwise. If the 'inverted'
 * flag is given, just the opposite value is returned. If there is no
 * data field (*cp points to the NUL byte) the result is LEAP_NOTINSYNC.
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static u_char
parse_qual(
	nmea_data * rd,
	int         idx,
	char        tag,
	int         inv
	)
{
	static const u_char table[2] = {
		LEAP_NOTINSYNC, LEAP_NOWARNING };

	char * dp = field_parse(rd, idx);

	return table[ *dp && ((*dp == tag) == !inv) ];
}

/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Parse a time stamp in HHMMSS[.sss] format with error checking.
 *
 * returns 1 on success, 0 on failure
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
parse_time(
	struct calendar * jd,	/* result calendar pointer */
	l_fp		* fofs,	/* storage for nsec fraction */
	nmea_data       * rd,
	int		  idx
	)
{
	UCC * 	dp = (UCC*)field_parse(rd, idx);

	return _parse_time(dp, &dp, jd)
	    && _parse_frac(dp, &dp, fofs)
	    && _parse_eof (dp, &dp);
}

/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Parse a date string from an NMEA sentence. This could either be a
 * partial date in DDMMYY format in one field, or DD,MM,YYYY full date
 * spec spanning three fields. This function does some extensive error
 * checking to make sure the date string was consistent.
 *
 * returns 1 on success, 0 on failure
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
parse_date(
	struct calendar * jd,	/* result pointer */
	nmea_data       * rd,
	int		  idx,
	enum date_fmt	  fmt
	)
{
	UCC  * dp = (UCC*)field_parse(rd, idx);

	switch (fmt) {
	case DATE_1_DDMMYY:
		return _parse_date1(dp, &dp, jd);
	case DATE_3_DDMMYYYY:
		return _parse_date3(dp, &dp, jd);
	default:
		DPRINTF(1, ("nmea: invalid parse format: %d\n", fmt));
		break;
	}
	return FALSE;
}

/*
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Parse GPS week time info from an NMEA sentence. This info contains
 * the GPS week number, the GPS time-of-week and the leap seconds GPS
 * to UTC.
 *
 * returns 1 on success, 0 on failure
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
parse_gpsw(
	TGpsDatum *  wd,
	nmea_data *  rd,
	int          weekidx,
	int          timeidx,
	int          leapidx
	)
{
	uint32_t	secs;
	uint16_t	week, leap = 0;
	l_fp		fofs;
	int		rc;

	UCC *	dpw = (UCC*)field_parse(rd, weekidx);
	UCC *	dps = (UCC*)field_parse(rd, timeidx);

	rc =   _parse_u16 (dpw, &dpw, &week, 5)
	    && _parse_eof (dpw, &dpw)
	    && _parse_u32 (dps, &dps, &secs, 9)
	    && _parse_frac(dps, &dps, &fofs)
	    && _parse_eof (dps, &dps)
	    && (secs < 7*SECSPERDAY);
	if (rc && leapidx > 0) {
		UCC *	dpl = (UCC*)field_parse(rd, leapidx);
		rc =   _parse_u16 (dpl, &dpl, &leap, 5)
		    && _parse_eof (dpl, &dpl);
	}
	if (rc) {
		fofs.l_ui -= leap;
		*wd = gpscal_from_gpsweek(week, secs, fofs);
	} else {
		DPRINTF(1, ("nmea: parse_gpsw: invalid weektime spec\n"));
	}
	return rc;
}


#ifdef HAVE_PPSAPI
static double
tabsdiffd(
	l_fp	t1,
	l_fp	t2
	)
{
	double	dd;
	L_SUB(&t1, &t2);
	LFPTOD(&t1, dd);
	return fabs(dd);
}
#endif /* HAVE_PPSAPI */

/*
 * ===================================================================
 *
 * NMEAD support
 *
 * original nmead support added by Jon Miner (cp_n18@yahoo.com)
 *
 * See http://home.hiwaay.net/~taylorc/gps/nmea-server/
 * for information about nmead
 *
 * To use this, you need to create a link from /dev/gpsX to
 * the server:port where nmead is running.  Something like this:
 *
 * ln -s server:port /dev/gps1
 *
 * Split into separate function by Juergen Perlinger
 * (perlinger-at-ntp-dot-org)
 *
 * ===================================================================
 */
static int
nmead_open(
	const char * device
	)
{
	int	fd = -1;		/* result file descriptor */

#   ifdef HAVE_READLINK
	char	host[80];		/* link target buffer	*/
	char  * port;			/* port name or number	*/
	int	rc;			/* result code (several)*/
	int     sh;			/* socket handle	*/
	struct addrinfo	 ai_hint;	/* resolution hint	*/
	struct addrinfo	*ai_list;	/* resolution result	*/
	struct addrinfo *ai;		/* result scan ptr	*/

	fd = -1;

	/* try to read as link, make sure no overflow occurs */
	rc = readlink(device, host, sizeof(host));
	if ((size_t)rc >= sizeof(host))
		return fd;	/* error / overflow / truncation */
	host[rc] = '\0';	/* readlink does not place NUL	*/

	/* get port */
	port = strchr(host, ':');
	if (!port)
		return fd; /* not 'host:port' syntax ? */
	*port++ = '\0';	/* put in separator */

	/* get address infos and try to open socket
	 *
	 * This getaddrinfo() is naughty in ntpd's nonblocking main
	 * thread, but you have to go out of your wary to use this code
	 * and typically the blocking is at startup where its impact is
	 * reduced. The same holds for the 'connect()', as it is
	 * blocking, too...
	 */
	ZERO(ai_hint);
	ai_hint.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
	ai_hint.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
	if (getaddrinfo(host, port, &ai_hint, &ai_list))
		return fd;

	for (ai = ai_list; ai && (fd == -1); ai = ai->ai_next) {
		sh = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype,
			    ai->ai_protocol);
		if (INVALID_SOCKET == sh)
			continue;
		rc = connect(sh, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen);
		if (-1 != rc)
			fd = sh;
		else
			close(sh);
	}
	freeaddrinfo(ai_list);
	if (fd != -1)
		make_socket_nonblocking(fd);
#   else
	fd = -1;
#   endif

	return fd;
}
#else
NONEMPTY_TRANSLATION_UNIT
#endif /* REFCLOCK && CLOCK_NMEA */