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.Dd November 28, 2016
.Dt DKSUBR 9
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm dk_softc ,
.Nm dk_init ,
.Nm dk_attach ,
.Nm dk_detach ,
.Nm dk_open ,
.Nm dk_close ,
.Nm dk_size ,
.Nm dk_dump ,
.Nm dk_ioctl ,
.Nm dk_strategy ,
.Nm dk_strategy_defer ,
.Nm dk_strategy_pending ,
.Nm dk_start ,
.Nm dk_done ,
.Nm dk_drain ,
.Nm dk_discard ,
.Nm dk_getdefaultlabel ,
.Nm dk_getdisklabel
.Nd disk driver subroutines
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/bufq.h
.In sys/disk.h
.In dev/dkvar.h
.Ft void
.Fn dk_init "struct dk_softc *" "device_t" "int dtype"
.Ft void
.Fn dk_attach "struct dk_softc *"
.Ft void
.Fn dk_detach "struct dk_softc *"
.Ft int
.Fn dk_open "struct dk_softc *" "dev_t" "int flags" "int fmt" "struct lwp *"
.Ft int
.Fn dk_close "struct dk_softc *" "dev_t" "int flags" "int fmt" "struct lwp *"
.Ft int
.Fn dk_discard "struct dk_softc *" "dev_t" "off_t pos" "off_t len"
.Ft int
.Fn dk_size "struct dk_softc *" "dev_t"
.Ft int
.Fn dk_dump "struct dk_softc *" "dev_t" "daddr_t blkno" "void *vav" "size_t size"
.Ft int
.Fn dk_ioctl "struct dk_softc *" "dev_t" "u_long cmd" "void *data" "int flag" "struct lwp *"
.Ft void
.Fn dk_strategy "struct dk_softc *" "struct buf *"
.Ft int
.Fn dk_strategy_defer "struct dk_softc *" "struct buf *"
.Ft int
.Fn dk_strategy_pending "struct dk_softc *"
.Ft void
.Fn dk_start "struct dk_softc *" "struct buf *"
.Ft void
.Fn dk_done "struct dk_softc *" "struct buf *"
.Ft int
.Fn dk_drain "struct dk_softc *"
.Ft void
.Fn dk_getdefaultlabel "struct dk_softc *" "struct disklabel *"
.Ft void
.Fn dk_getdisklabel "struct dk_softc *" "dev_t"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The disk driver subroutines provide common functionality for all disk drivers
to reduce the amount of replicated code.
For many disk drivers, their
corresponding entry points can be made mostly stubs.
.Pp
The subroutines encapsulate data structures found in a driver's softc
into
.Bd -literal
struct dk_softc {
	device_t		sc_dev;
	struct disk		sc_dkdev;
	struct bufq_state	sc_bufq;
	krndsource_t		sc_rnd_source;
\&...
}
.Ed
The
.Nm dk_softc
structure therefore replaces the
.Nm device_t
member of the driver's softc struct.
.Pp
The following is a brief description of each function in the framework:
.Bl -tag -width ".Fn dk_strategy_pending"
.It Fn dk_init
Initialize the dk_softc structure.
.It Fn dk_attach
Attach framework after driver has attached the
.Xr disk 9
subsystem, created a
.Xr bufq 9
and is ready to handle I/O.
.It Fn dk_detach
Undo dk_attach.
.It Fn dk_open
Handles open steps for the
.Xr disk 9
framework, acquires the disklabel and validates open parameters.
The driver may provide the
.Nm d_firstopen
callback to handle initialization steps.
.It Fn dk_close
Handles close steps for the
.Xr disk 9
framework.
The driver may provide the
.Nm d_lastclose
callback to handle finalization steps.
.Nm dk_open
and
.Nm dk_close
are serialized by the openlock mutex.
.It Fn dk_discard
Validates parameters, computes raw block numbers and passes
these to the
.Nm d_discard
callback.
.It Fn dk_size
Returns dump size information from the
.Xr disklabel 9
and opens and closes the driver when necessary.
.It Fn dk_dump
Validates parameters, computes raw block numbers and iterates
over the
.Nm d_dumpblocks
callback in appropriate chunks determined by the
.Nm d_iosize
callback.
.It Fn dk_ioctl
Handles the ioctls
.Dv DIOCKLABEL ,
.Dv DIOCWLABEL ,
.Dv DIOCGDEFLABEL ,
.Dv DIOCGSTRATEGY ,
and
.Dv DIOCSSTRATEGY
and passes other disk ioctls through the
.Xr disk 9
framework.
Returns
.Nm ENOTTY
when an ioctl isn't implemented.
This routine is run as a fallback to
handle commands that are not specific to the driver.
.It Fn dk_strategy
Validates parameters, computes raw block numbers, queues a buffer for I/O
and triggers queue processing by calling
.Nm dk_start .
.It Fn dk_strategy_defer
Alternative to
.Nm dk_strategy
that only queues the buffer.
Drivers that implement a separate I/O thread
can use
.Nm dk_strategy_defer
within their own strategy routine and signal the thread through a private
interface.
.It Fn dk_strategy_pending
This function is called by an I/O thread to determine if work has been
queued by
.Nm dk_strategy_defer .
The driver must then call
.Nm dk_start
to trigger queue processing.
.It Fn dk_start
If
.Ar bp != Dv NULL
put it into the queue.
Run the
.Nm d_diskstart
callback for every buffer until the queue is empty or the callback returns
.Nm EAGAIN .
In the latter case, the buffer is saved and issued on the
next queue run.
This also calls
.Nm disk_busy
accordingly to handle I/O metrics.
.It Fn dk_done
Called by the driver when an I/O operation completed.
.Nm dk_done
logs errors, calls
.Nm disk_unbusy
to handle I/O metrics and collects entropy for the
.Xr cprng 9 .
.It Fn dk_drain
Aborts all queued I/O.
This function must be called instead of
.Fn bufq_drain
to cooperate with
.Nm dk_start .
.It Fn dk_getdefaultlabel
Compute a common default disklabel for all disk drivers.
Some drivers provide device specific information or assign specific
disk formats to partitions.
Such drivers may implement the
.Nm d_label
callback that is called by
.Nm dk_getdefaultlabel
after initializing the label with common values.
.It Fn dk_getdisklabel
Read disklabel with machine dependent low-level function
.Nm readdisklabel
and do sanity checks.
.El
.Sh DRIVER INTERFACE
The driver needs to provide a common set of entry points that are
used by the disk driver subroutines and the
.Xr disk 9
framework.
.Bd -literal
struct dkdriver {
        void    (*d_strategy)(struct buf *);
        void    (*d_minphys)(struct buf *);
        int     (*d_open)(dev_t, int, int, struct lwp *);
        int     (*d_close)(dev_t, int, int, struct lwp *);
        int     (*d_diskstart)(device_t, struct buf *);
        void    (*d_iosize)(device_t, int *);
        int     (*d_dumpblocks)(device_t, void *, daddr_t, int);
        int     (*d_lastclose)(device_t);
        int     (*d_discard)(device_t, off_t, off_t);
        int     (*d_firstopen)(device_t, dev_t, int, int);
        void    (*d_label)(device_t, struct disklabel *);
};
.Ed
.Bl -tag -width ".Fn dk_firstopen"
.It Fn d_strategy
The driver strategy routine queues a single buffer for I/O
and starts queue processing as appropriate.
.It Fn d_minphys
The driver minphys routine limits the buffer
.Nm b_bcount
to the maximum size for an I/O transfer supported by the driver
and hardware.
It also calls
.Nm minphys
to apply the platform limit.
.It Fn d_open
The driver open routine.
.It Fn d_close
The driver close routine.
.It Fn d_diskstart
Issues a single I/O request, called by
.Nm dk_start .
.It Fn d_iosize
Truncate I/O size to the driver limit.
This is similar to
.Nm minphys
but operates on an integer value instead of a buffer.
.It Fn d_dumpblocks
Issue a single I/O requests, called by
.Nm dk_dump .
.It Fn d_lastclose
Private cleanup after last user is finished.
Often used to flush write caches.
.It Fn d_discard
Issue a single I/O request to invalidate a disk region.
.It Fn d_firstopen
Private initialization when first user opens the driver.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr cgd 4 ,
.Xr ld 4 ,
.Xr cprng 9 ,
.Xr disk 9 ,
.Xr driver 9
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nx
common disk driver subroutines appeared in
.Nx 2.0
as a base for the cryptographic disk driver and was extended
to handle disk wedges in
.Nx 4.0 .
Most functionality provided by
.Xr ld 4
was included and extended in
.Nx 8.0
to support other disk drivers.
The callback interface used by the
.Xr disk 9
framework has been merged as well.