Training courses

Kernel and Embedded Linux

Bootlin training courses

Embedded Linux, kernel,
Yocto Project, Buildroot, real-time,
graphics, boot time, debugging...

Bootlin logo

Elixir Cross Referencer

  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 24
 25
 26
 27
 28
 29
 30
 31
 32
 33
 34
 35
 36
 37
 38
 39
 40
 41
 42
 43
 44
 45
 46
 47
 48
 49
 50
 51
 52
 53
 54
 55
 56
 57
 58
 59
 60
 61
 62
 63
 64
 65
 66
 67
 68
 69
 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# $File: map,v 1.9 2021/04/26 15:56:00 christos Exp $
# map:  file(1) magic for Map data
#

# Garmin .FIT files https://pub.ks-and-ks.ne.jp/cycling/edge500_fit.shtml
8	string	.FIT		FIT Map data
>15	byte	0
>>35	belong	x		\b, unit id %d
>>39	lelong	x		\b, serial %u
# https://pub.ks-and-ks.ne.jp/cycling/edge500_fit.shtml
# 20 years after unix epoch
# TZ=GMT date -d '1989-12-31 0:00' +%s
>>43	leldate+631065600	x	\b, %s

>>47	leshort x		\b, manufacturer %d
>>47	leshort	1		\b (garmin)
>>49	leshort x		\b, product %d
>>53	byte	x		\b, type %d
>>53	byte	1		\b (Device)
>>53	byte	2		\b (Settings)
>>53	byte	3		\b (Sports/Cycling)
>>53	byte	4		\b (Activity)
>>53	byte	8		\b (Elevations)
>>53	byte	10		\b (Totals)

# Summary: Garmin map
# From:	Joerg Jenderek
# URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmin_.img
# Reference: https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OSM_Map_On_Garmin/IMG_File_Format
# sourceforge.net/projects/garmin-img/files/IMG%20File%20Format/1.0/imgformat-1.0.pdf
# GRR: similar to MBR boot sector handled by ./filesystems
0x1FE	leshort		=0xAA55
# look for valid map signature
>0x13	string		=IMG\0
>>0	use		garmin-map
0	name				garmin-map
>0	ubyte		x		Garmin
!:mime	application/x-garmin-map
# If non-zero, every byte of the entire .img file is to be XORed with this value
>0	ubyte		!0		\b, %#x XORed
# goto block before FAT
>(0x40.b*512)	ubyte	x
# 1st fat name "DLLINFO TXT" only found for vpm
>>&512 		string	=DLLINFO\ TXT 	map (Voice Processing)
# there exist 2 other Garmin VPM formats; see ./audio
!:ext	vpm
# Deutsch__Yannick_D4481-00_0210.vpm
#>>>512	search/0x0116da60/s	RIFF	\b; with
# determine type voice type by ./riff
#>>>>&0	indirect	x	\b
>>&512 		string	!DLLINFO\ TXT 	map
!:ext	img
# 9 zeros
>1 	ubelong		!0 		\b, zeroes %#x
# Map's version major
>8	ubyte		x		v%u
# Map's version minor
>9	ubyte		x		\b.%.2u
# Map description[20], 0x20 padded
>0x49	string		x		%.20s
# Map name, continued (0x20 padded, \0 terminated)
>0x65	string		>\ 		\b%.31s
# Update year (+1900 for val >= 0x63, +2000 for val <= 0x62)
>0xB	ubyte		x		\b, updated
>>0xB	ubyte		>0x62
>>>0xB	ubyte-100	x		20%.2u
>>0xB	ubyte		<0x63
>>>0xB	ubyte		x		20%.2u
# Update month (0-11)
>0xA	ubyte		x		\b-%.2u
# All zeroes
>0xc 	uleshort	!0 		\b, zeroes %#x
# Mapsource flag, 1 - file created by Mapsource, 0 - Garmin map visible in Basecamp and Homeport 
#>0xE	ubyte		!0		\b, Mapsource flag %#x
>0xE	ubyte		1		\b, Mapsource
# Checksum, sum of all bytes modulo 256 should be 0
#>0xF	ubyte		x		\b, Checksum %#x
# Signature: DSKIMG 0x00 or DSDIMG 0x00 for demo map 
>0x10	string		!DSKIMG		\b, signature "%.7s"
>0x39	use		garmin-date
# Map file identifier like GARMIN\0
>0x41	string		!GARMIN		\b, id "%.7s"
# Block size exponent, E1; appears to always be 0x09; minimum block size 512 bytes
>0x61	ubyte		!0x09		\b, E1=%u
# Block size exponent, E2 ; file blocksize=2**(E1+E2)
>>0x62	ubyte		x		\b, E2=%u
>0x61	ubyte		=0x09		\b, blocksize
>>0x62	ubyte		0		512
>>0x62	ubyte		1		1024
>>0x62	ubyte		2		2048
>>0x62	ubyte		3		4096
>>0x62	ubyte		4		8192
>>0x62	ubyte		5		16384
>>0x62	default		x
>>>0x62	ubyte		x		E2=%u
# MBR signature
>0x1FE	leshort		!0xAA55		\b, invalid MBR
# 512 zeros
>0x200 	uquad		!0		\b, zeroes %#llx
# First sub-file offset (absolute); sometimes NO/UNKNOWN sub file!
>0x40C	ulelong		>0		\b, at %#x
# sub-file Header length
#>>(0x40C.l)	uleshort	x	\b, header len %#x
>>(0x40C.l)	uleshort	x	%u bytes
# sub-file Type[10] like "GARMIN RGN" "GARMIN TRE", "GARMIN TYP", etc.
>>(0x40C.l+2)	ubyte	>0x1F
>>>(0x40C.l+2)	ubyte	<0xFF
>>>>(0x40C.l+2)	string	x		"%.10s"
# 0x00 for most maps, 0x80 for locked maps (City Nav, City Select, etc.) 
>>>>(0x40C.l+13)	ubyte	>0		\b, locked %#x
# Block sequence numbers like 0000 0100 0200 ... FFFF
# >0x420	ubequad		>0	\b, seq. %#16.16llx
# >>0x428	ubequad		>0	\b%16.16llx
# >>>0x430	ubequad	>0	\b%16.16llx
# >>>>0x438	ubequad	>0	\b%16.16llx
# >>>>>0x440	ubequad	>0	\b%16.16llx
# >>>>>>0x448	ubequad	>0	\b%16.16llx
# >>>>>>>0x450	ubequad	>0	\b%16.16llx
# >>>>>>>>0x458	ubequad	>0	\b%16.16llx
# >>>>>>>>>0x460	ubequad	>0	\b%16.16llx
# >>>>>>>>>>0x468	ubequad	>0	\b%16.16llx
# >>>>>>>>>>>0x470	ubequad	>0	\b%16.16llx
# >>>>>>>>>>>>0x478	ubequad	>0	\b%16.16llx
# >>>>>>>>>>>>>0x480	ubequad	>0	\b%16.16llx
# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>0x488	ubequad	>0	\b%16.16llx
# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>0x490	ubequad	>0	\b%16.16llx
# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>0x498	ubequad	>0	\b%16.16llx
# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>0x4A0	ubequad	>0	\b%16.16llx
# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>0x4A8	ubequad	>0	\b%16.16llx
# look for end of FAT
#>>0x420	search/512/s	\xff\xff	FAT END
# Physical block number of FAT header
#>0x40	ubyte		x		\b, FAT at phy. block %u
>0x40	ubyte		x
>>(0x40.b*512)	ubyte	x
# 1st FAT block
>>>&511 	use	garmin-fat
# 2nd FAT block
>>>&1023 	use	garmin-fat
# 3th FAT block
>>>&1535 	use	garmin-fat
# 4th FAT block
>>>&2047 	use	garmin-fat
# ... xth FAT block
#
# 314 zeros but not in vpm and also gmaptz.img
>0x84 	uquad		!0		\b, at 0x84 %#llx
# display FileAllocationTable block entry in garmin map
0	name				garmin-fat
>0	ubyte		x		\b;
# sub file part; 0x0003 seems to be garbage
>0x10	uleshort	!0		next %#4.4x
>0x10	uleshort	=0
# fat flag 0~dummy block 1~true sub file
>>0	ubyte		!1		flag %u 
>>0	ubyte		=1
# sub-file name like MAKEGMAP 12345678
>>>0x1	string		x		%.8s
# sub-file typ like RGN TRE MDR LBL
>>>0x9	string		x		\b.%.3s
# size of sub file
>>>0xC	ulelong		x		\b, %u bytes
# 32-bit block sequence numbers
#>>>0x20	ubequad		x		\b, seq. %#16.16llx

#	display date stored inside Garmin maps like yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss
0	name				garmin-date
# year like 2018
>0 	uleshort	x 		\b, created %u
# month (0-11)
>2	ubyte		x		\b-%.2u
# day (1-31)
>3	ubyte		x		\b-%.2u
# hour (0-23)
>4	ubyte		x		%u
# minute (0-59)
>5	ubyte		x		\b:%.2u
# second (0-59)
>6	ubyte		x		\b:%.2u

# Summary: Garmin Map subfiles
# From:	Joerg Jenderek
# URL: https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OSM_Map_On_Garmin/IMG_File_Format
# Garmin Common Header
2	string	GARMIN\ 
# skip ASCII text by checking for low header length
>0	uleshort <0x1000	Garmin map,
# URL: https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OSM_Map_On_Garmin/GMP_Subfile_Format
>>9	string	GMP				subtile
!:mime			application/x-garmin-gpm
!:ext			gmp
# copyright message
>>>(0.s)		string		x	%s
>>>0x0E 		use		garmin-date
# URL: https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OSM_Map_On_Garmin/MDR_Subfile_Format
# This contains the searchable address table used for finding routing destinations
>>9	string	MDR				address table
!:mime			application/x-garmin-mdr
!:ext			mdr
# URL: https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OSM_Map_On_Garmin/NOD_Subfile_Format
# http://svn.parabola.me.uk/display/trunk/doc/nod.txt
# This contains the routing information
>>9	string	NOD				routing
!:mime			application/x-garmin-nod
!:ext			nod
>>>0x0E 		use		garmin-date
#>>>0x15			ulelong		x	\b, at %#x
#>>>0x19			ulelong		x	%#x bytes NOD1
#>>>0x25			ulelong		x	\b, at %#x
#>>>0x29			ulelong		x	%#x bytes NOD2
#>>>0x31			ulelong		x	\b, at %#x
#>>>0x35			ulelong		x	%#x bytes NOD3
# URL: http://www.pinns.co.uk/osm/net.html
# routable highways (length, direction, allowed speed,house address information)
>>9	string	NET				highways
!:mime			application/x-garmin-net
!:ext			net
#>>>0x15			ulelong		x	\b, at %#x
#>>>0x19			ulelong		x	%#x bytes NET1
#>>>0x22			ulelong		>0
#>>>>0x1E		ulelong		x	\b, at %#x
#>>>>0x22		ulelong		x	%#x bytes NET2
#>>>0x2B			ulelong		>0
#>>>>0x27		ulelong		x	\b, at %#x
#>>>>0x2B		ulelong		x	%#x bytes NET3
# URL: https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OSM_Map_On_Garmin/LBL_Subfile_Format
>>9	string	LBL				labels
!:mime			application/x-garmin-lbl
!:ext			lbl
>>>(0.s)		string	x	%s
# Label coding type 6h 9h and ah
>>>0x1E			ubyte		x	\b, coding type %#x
#>>>0x15			ulelong		x	\b, at %#x
#>>>0x19			ulelong		x	%#x bytes LBL1
#>>>0x1F			ulelong		x	\b, at %#x
#>>>0x23			ulelong		x	%#x bytes LBL2
#>>>0x2D			ulelong		x	\b, at %#x
#>>>0x31			ulelong		x	%#x bytes LBL3
# URL: https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OSM_Map_On_Garmin/SRT_Subfile_Format
# A lookup table of the chars in the map's codepage, and their collating sequence
>>9	string	SRT				sort table
!:mime			application/x-garmin-srt
!:ext			srt
>>>0x0E 		use		garmin-date
# URL: https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OSM_Map_On_Garmin/TRE_Subfile_Format
>>9	string	TRE				tree
!:mime			application/x-garmin-tre
!:ext			tre
# title like City Nav Europe NTU 2019.2 Basemap
# or OSM Street map
>>>(0.s)		string		x	%s
# 2nd title like Copyright 1995-2018 by GARMIN Corporation.
# or http://www.openstreetmap.org/
>>>>&1			string		x	%s
>>>0x0E 		use		garmin-date
#>>>0x21			ulelong		x	\b, at %#x
#>>>0x25			ulelong		x	%#x bytes TRE1
#>>>0x29			ulelong		x	\b, at %#x
#>>>0x2D			ulelong		x	%#x bytes TRE2
#>>>0x31			ulelong		x	\b, at %#x
#>>>0x35			ulelong		x	%#x bytes TRE3
# Copyright record size
#>>>0x39			uleshort	x	\b, copyright record size %u
# Map ID
>>>0x74			ulelong		x	\b, ID %#x
# URL: https://www.gpspower.net/garmin-tutorials/353310-basecamp-installing-free-desktop-map.html
# For road traffic information service (RDS/TMS/TMC). Commonly seen in City Navigator maps
>>9	string	TRF				traffic,
!:mime			application/x-garmin-trf
!:ext			trf
# city/region like Preitenegg
>>>(0.s+1) 		string		x	1st %s
# highway part like L606/L148
>>>>&1			string		x	%s
# URL: https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OSM_Map_On_Garmin/Format
# Reference: http://www.pinns.co.uk/osm/typformat.html
# customize the appearance of objects. For GPS and MapSource/Qlandkarte better looking maps
>>9	string	TYP				types
!:mime			application/x-garmin-typ
!:ext			typ
>>>0x0E 		use		garmin-date
# character set 1252 65001~UTF8
>>>0x15			uleshort	x	\b, code page %u
# POIs
#>>>0x17			ulelong		x	\b, at %#x
#>>>0x1B			ulelong		x	%#x bytes TYP1
# extra pois
#>>>0x5B			ulelong		x	\b, at %#x
#>>>0x5F			ulelong		x	%#x bytes TYP8
# URL: https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OSM_Map_On_Garmin/RGN_Subfile_Format
# http://www.pinns.co.uk/osm/RGN.html
# region data used by the Garmin software
>>9	string	RGN				region
!:mime			application/x-garmin-rgn
!:ext			rgn
# POIs,Indexed POIs,Polylines or Polygons or first map level
#>>>0x15			ulelong	       x	\b, at %#x
#>>>0x19			ulelong	       x	%#x bytes RGN1
# polygons with extended types
#>>>0x21			ulelong	       >0
#>>>>0x1D		ulelong	       x	\b, at %#x
#>>>>0x21		ulelong	       x	%#x bytes RGN2
# polylines with extended types
#>>>0x3D			ulelong	       >0
#>>>>0x39		ulelong	       x	\b, at %#x
#>>>>0x3D		ulelong	       x	%#x bytes RGN3
# extended POIs
#>>>0x59			ulelong	       >0
#>>>>0x55		ulelong	       x	\b, at %#x
#>>>>0x59		ulelong	       x	%#x bytes RGN3
#>>9	default		x		unknown map type
# Header length; GMP:31h 35h 3Dh,MDR:11Eh 238h 2C4h 310h,NOD:3Fh 7Fh,NET:64h,
# LBL:2A9h,SRT:1Dh 25h 27h,TRE:CFh 135h,TRF:5Ah,TYP:5Bh 6Eh 7Ch AEh,RGN:7Dh
>>0	uleshort	x		\b, header length %#x

# URL:		https://www.memotech.franken.de/FileFormats/
# Reference:	https://www.memotech.franken.de/FileFormats/Garmin_RGN_Format.pdf
# From:		Joerg Jenderek
0	string		KpGr		Garmin update
# format version like: 0064h~1.0
>0x4	uleshort	!0x0064
>>4	uleshort/100	x		\b, version %u
>>4	uleshort%100	x		\b.%u
# 1st Garmin entry
>6	use	garmin-entry
# 2nd Garmin entry
>(0x6.l+10)	ubyte		x
>>&0		use		garmin-entry
# 3rd entry
>(0x6.l+10)	ubyte		x
>>&(&0.l+4)	ubyte		x
>>>&0		use		garmin-entry
# look again at version to use default clause
>0x4	uleshort	x
# test for region content by looking for
# Garmin *.srf by ./images with normal builder name "SQA" or longer "hales"
# 1 space after equal sign
>>0x3a	search/5/s	GARMIN\ BITMAP	\b= 
!:mime	image/x-garmin-exe
!:ext	exe
>>>&0	indirect	x
# if not bitmap *.srf then region; 1 space after equal sign
>>0x3a	default		x		\b= 
!:mime	application/x-garmin-rgn
!:ext	rgn
# recursiv embedded
>>>0x3a	search/5/s	KpGrd
>>>>&0	indirect	x
# look for ZIP or JAR archive by ./archive and ./zip
>>>0x3a	search/5/s	PK\003\004
>>>>&0	indirect	x
# TODO: other garmin RGN record content like foo
#>>0x3a	search/5/s	bar		BAR
#		display information of Garmin RGN record
0	name	garmin-entry
# record length: 2 for Data, for Application often 1Bh sometimes 1Dh, "big" for Region
#>0	ulelong		x		\b, length %#x
# data record (ID='D') with version content like 0064h~1.0
>4	ubyte		=0x44
>>5	uleshort	!0x0064		\b; Data
>>>5	uleshort/100	x		\b, version %u
>>>5	uleshort%100	x		\b.%u
# Application Record (ID='A')
>4	ubyte		=0x41		\b; App
# version content like 00c8h~2.0
>>5	uleshort	!0x00C8
>>>5	uleshort/100	x		\b, version %u
>>>5	uleshort%100	x		\b.%u
# builder name like: SQA sqa build hales
>>7	string		x		\b, build by %s
# build date like: Oct 25 1999, Oct 1 2008, Feb 23 2009, Dec 15 2009
>>>&1	string		x		%s
# build time like: 11:26:12, 11:45:54, 14:16:13, 18:23:01
>>>>&1	string		x		%s
# region record (ID='R')
>4	ubyte		=0x52		\b; Region
# region ID:14~fw_all.bin: 78~ZIP, RGN or SRF bitmap; 148~ZIP or JAR; 249~display firmware; 251~WiFi or GCD firmware; 255~ZIP
>>5	uleshort	x		ID=%u
# delay in ms: like 0, 500
>>7	ulelong		!0		\b, %u ms
# region size (is record length - 10)
#>>11	ulelong		x		\b, length %#x
# region content like:
# "KpGr"~recursiv embedded,"GARMIN BITMAP"~Garmin Bitmap *.srf, "PK"~ZIP archive
#>>15	string		x		\b, content "%s"
>>15	ubequad		x		\b, content %#llx...
# This does NOT WORK!
#>>15	indirect	x		\b; contains 
>4	default		x		\b; other
# garmin Record ID Identifies the record content like: D A R
>>4	ubyte		x		ID '%c'

# TOM TOM GPS watches ttbin files:
# https://github.com/ryanbinns/ttwatch/tree/master/ttbin
# From: Daniel Lenski
0	byte	0x20
>1	leshort	0x0007
>>0x76	byte	0x20
>>>0x77	leshort	0x0075		TomTom activity file, v7
>>>>8	leldate	x		(%s,
>>>>3	byte    x		device firmware %d.
>>>>4	byte	x		\b%d.
>>>>5	byte	x		\b%d,
>>>>6	leshort	x		product ID %04d)