Postfix enhanced status code implementation notes
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RFC 3463 Enhanced status code support is implemented in stages. In
the first stage, the goal is to minimize code changes (it's several
hundred pages of context diffs already). For this reason, the
pre-existing status variables (success, defer, etc.) are still
updated separately from the diagnostic text and the RFC 3463 enhanced
status code.  All this means that one has to be careful when updating
the code, to keep things in sync.

Specific issues that one should be aware of:

- In the SMTP client, update the enhanced status code and text
whenever smtp_errno or resp->code are updated, or place an explicit
comment that says no update is needed.

- In the SMTP client, don't worry about the initial enhanced status
digit when reporting failure to look up or connect to a host. For
convenience, the SMTP client top-level code automatically changes
the initial digit into '4' or '5' as appropriate.

- In the SMTP server, don't worry about the initial enhanced status
code digit when an smtpd_mumble_restriction rejects access. For
convenience, the smtpd_check_reject() routine automatically changes
the initial digit into '4' or '5' as appropriate.

- Some low-level support routines update the diagnostic text but
not the enhanced status code. To identify these, search for functions
that are called with why->vstring as output parameter, and make
sure that the caller updates the enhanced status code in all
appropriate cases.

- By design, the pipe, local and virtual delivery agent code never
update the diagnostic text separately from the enhanced status code.

- Don't rely on the system errno value after calling a routine that
performs or prepares for mail delivery. Instead, have that routine
update the enhanced status code (and text) when the error happens.
This was an issue with mailbox, maildir and file delivery.  Currently
there remains one exception to this errno usage rule; the maildir
delivery routines log a helpful warning when delivery fails with
EACCES.  The latter happens to work because mbox_open() does not
need to unlock the output file, so it won't clobber the errno value.

- Avoid passing around strings that combine enhanced status code
and diagnostic text. Instead, use separate variables for status
code and text, so that the compiler can enforce that everything has
a status code.  Currently there are two exceptions to this rule:
the cleanup server status reply, and the delivery agent status
reply.  Once these protocols are updated we can remove the dns_prepend()
routine. The third exception, enhanced status codes in external
command output, is a feature.

- The bounce/defer/sent library modules will catch the cases where
an enhanced status code does not match the reject/defer/success
status.  They log a warning message, and replace the incorrect
enhanced status code by a generic one.