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.Dd May 4, 2012
.Dt MAKECONTEXT 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm makecontext ,
.Nm swapcontext
.Nd manipulate user contexts
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In ucontext.h
.Ft void
.Fn makecontext "ucontext_t *ucp" "void (*func)()" "int argc" ...
.Ft int
.Fn swapcontext "ucontext_t * restrict oucp" "ucontext_t * restrict ucp"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn makecontext
function modifies the object pointed to by
.Fa ucp ,
which has been initialized using
.Xr getcontext 2 .
When this context is resumed using
.Fn swapcontext
or
.Xr setcontext 2 ,
program execution continues as if
.Fa func
had been called with the arguments specified after
.Fa argc
in the call of
.Fn makecontext .
The value of
.Fa argc
must be equal to the number of integer arguments following it,
and must be equal to the number of integer arguments expected by
.Fa func ;
otherwise, the behavior is undefined.
.Pp
Before being modified using
.Fn makecontext ,
a stack must be allocated for the context (in the
.Fa uc_stack
member), and a context to resume after
.Fa func
has returned must be determined (pointed to by the
.Fa uc_link
member);
otherwise, the behavior is undefined.
If
.Fa uc_link
is a null pointer, then the context is the main context,
and the process will exit with an exit status of 0 upon return.
.Pp
The
.Fn swapcontext
function saves the current context in the object pointed to by
.Fa oucp ,
sets the current context to that specified in the object pointed to by
.Fa ucp ,
and resumes execution.
When a context saved by
.Fn swapcontext
is restored using
.Xr setcontext 2 ,
execution will resume as if the corresponding invocation of
.Fn swapcontext
had just returned (successfully).
.Sh RETURN VALUES
The
.Fn makecontext
function returns no value.
.Pp
On success,
.Fn swapcontext
returns a value of 0,
Otherwise, \-1 is returned and
.Va errno
is set to indicate the error.
.Sh ERRORS
The
.Fn swapcontext
function will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EFAULT
The
.Fa oucp
argument or the
.Fa ucp
argument points to an invalid address.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The contents of the datum pointed to by
.Fa ucp
are invalid.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr _exit 2 ,
.Xr getcontext 2 ,
.Xr setcontext 2 ,
.Xr ucontext 2
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Fn makecontext
and
.Fn swapcontext
functions conform to
.St -xsh5
and
.St -p1003.1-2001 .
.Pp
The
.St -p1003.1-2004
revision marked the functions
.Fn makecontext
and
.Fn swapcontext
as obsolete, citing portability issues and recommending the use of
.Tn POSIX
threads instead.
The
.St -p1003.1-2008
revision removed the functions from the specification.
.Pp
.Bf -symbolic
The standard does not clearly define the type of integer arguments
passed to
.Fa func
via
.Fn makecontext ;
portable applications should not rely on the implementation detail that
it may be possible to pass pointer arguments to functions.
.Ef
This may be clarified in a future revision of the standard.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Fn makecontext
and
.Fn swapcontext
functions first appeared in
.At V.4 .