/* $NetBSD: alpha.c,v 1.22 2019/05/07 04:35:31 thorpej Exp $ */
/*-
* Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
* by Luke Mewburn of Wasabi Systems.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
* ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
* TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/*
* Copyright (c) 1999 Ross Harvey. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by Ross Harvey
* for the NetBSD Project.
* 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
* derived from this software without specific prior written permission
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
* NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/*
* Copyright (c) 1999 Christopher G. Demetriou. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou
* for the NetBSD Project.
* 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
* derived from this software without specific prior written permission
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
* NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
#include "nbtool_config.h"
#endif
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#if !defined(__lint)
__RCSID("$NetBSD: alpha.c,v 1.22 2019/05/07 04:35:31 thorpej Exp $");
#endif /* !__lint */
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "installboot.h"
#define SUN_DKMAGIC 55998 /* XXX: from <dev/sun/disklabel.h> */
static void resum(ib_params *, struct alpha_boot_block * const bb,
uint16_t *bb16);
static void sun_bootstrap(ib_params *, struct alpha_boot_block * const);
static void check_sparc(const struct alpha_boot_block * const,
const char *);
static int alpha_clearboot(ib_params *);
static int alpha_setboot(ib_params *);
struct ib_mach ib_mach_alpha = {
.name = "alpha",
.setboot = alpha_setboot,
.clearboot = alpha_clearboot,
.editboot = no_editboot,
.valid_flags = IB_STAGE1START | IB_ALPHASUM | IB_APPEND |
IB_SUNSUM,
};
static int
alpha_clearboot(ib_params *params)
{
struct alpha_boot_block bb;
uint64_t cksum;
ssize_t rv;
assert(params != NULL);
assert(params->fsfd != -1);
assert(params->filesystem != NULL);
assert(sizeof(struct alpha_boot_block) == ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_BLOCKSIZE);
if (params->flags & (IB_STAGE1START | IB_APPEND)) {
warnx("Can't use `-b bno' or `-o append' with `-c'");
return (0);
}
rv = pread(params->fsfd, &bb, sizeof(bb), ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_OFFSET);
if (rv == -1) {
warn("Reading `%s'", params->filesystem);
return (0);
} else if (rv != sizeof(bb)) {
warnx("Reading `%s': short read", params->filesystem);
return (0);
}
ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_CKSUM(&bb, &cksum);
if (cksum != bb.bb_cksum) { // XXX check bb_cksum endian?
warnx(
"Old boot block checksum invalid (was %#llx, calculated %#llx)",
(unsigned long long)le64toh(bb.bb_cksum),
(unsigned long long)le64toh(cksum));
warnx("Boot block invalid");
return (0);
}
if (params->flags & IB_VERBOSE) {
printf("Old bootstrap start sector: %llu\n",
(unsigned long long)le64toh(bb.bb_secstart));
printf("Old bootstrap size: %llu\n",
(unsigned long long)le64toh(bb.bb_secsize));
printf("Old bootstrap checksum: %#llx\n",
(unsigned long long)le64toh(bb.bb_cksum));
}
bb.bb_secstart = bb.bb_secsize = bb.bb_flags = 0;
ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_CKSUM(&bb, &bb.bb_cksum);
if (params->flags & IB_SUNSUM)
sun_bootstrap(params, &bb);
printf("New bootstrap start sector: %llu\n",
(unsigned long long)le64toh(bb.bb_secstart));
printf("New bootstrap size: %llu\n",
(unsigned long long)le64toh(bb.bb_secsize));
printf("New bootstrap checksum: %#llx\n",
(unsigned long long)le64toh(bb.bb_cksum));
if (params->flags & IB_VERBOSE)
printf("%slearing boot block\n",
(params->flags & IB_NOWRITE) ? "Not c" : "C");
if (params->flags & IB_NOWRITE)
return (1);
rv = pwrite(params->fsfd, &bb, sizeof(bb), ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_OFFSET);
if (rv == -1) {
warn("Writing `%s'", params->filesystem);
return (0);
} else if (rv != sizeof(bb)) {
warnx("Writing `%s': short write", params->filesystem);
return (0);
}
return (1);
}
static int
alpha_setboot(ib_params *params)
{
struct alpha_boot_block bb;
uint64_t startblock;
int retval;
char *bootstrapbuf;
size_t bootstrapsize;
ssize_t rv;
assert(params != NULL);
assert(params->fsfd != -1);
assert(params->filesystem != NULL);
assert(params->s1fd != -1);
assert(params->stage1 != NULL);
assert(sizeof(struct alpha_boot_block) == ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_BLOCKSIZE);
retval = 0;
bootstrapbuf = NULL;
/*
* Allocate a buffer, with space to round up the input file
* to the next block size boundary, and with space for the boot
* block.
*/
bootstrapsize = roundup(params->s1stat.st_size,
ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_BLOCKSIZE);
bootstrapbuf = malloc(bootstrapsize);
if (bootstrapbuf == NULL) {
warn("Allocating %lu bytes", (unsigned long) bootstrapsize);
goto done;
}
memset(bootstrapbuf, 0, bootstrapsize);
/* read the file into the buffer */
rv = pread(params->s1fd, bootstrapbuf, params->s1stat.st_size, 0);
if (rv == -1) {
warn("Reading `%s'", params->stage1);
goto done;
} else if (rv != params->s1stat.st_size) {
warnx("Reading `%s': short read", params->stage1);
goto done;
}
rv = pread(params->fsfd, &bb, sizeof(bb), ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_OFFSET);
if (rv == -1) {
warn("Reading `%s'", params->filesystem);
goto done;
} else if (rv != sizeof(bb)) {
warnx("Reading `%s': short read", params->filesystem);
goto done;
}
if (params->flags & IB_SUNSUM)
check_sparc(&bb, "Initial");
/* fill in the updated bootstrap fields */
if (params->flags & IB_APPEND) {
struct stat filesyssb;
if (fstat(params->fsfd, &filesyssb) == -1) {
warn("Examining `%s'", params->filesystem);
goto done;
}
if (!S_ISREG(filesyssb.st_mode)) {
warnx(
"`%s' must be a regular file to append a bootstrap",
params->filesystem);
goto done;
}
startblock = howmany(filesyssb.st_size,
ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_BLOCKSIZE);
} else if (params->flags & IB_STAGE1START) {
startblock = params->s1start;
} else {
startblock = ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_OFFSET /
ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_BLOCKSIZE + 1;
}
bb.bb_secsize =
htole64(howmany(params->s1stat.st_size,
ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_BLOCKSIZE));
bb.bb_secstart = htole64(startblock);
bb.bb_flags = 0;
ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_CKSUM(&bb, &bb.bb_cksum);
if (params->flags & IB_SUNSUM)
sun_bootstrap(params, &bb);
if (params->flags & IB_VERBOSE) {
printf("Bootstrap start sector: %llu\n",
(unsigned long long)startblock);
printf("Bootstrap sector count: %llu\n",
(unsigned long long)le64toh(bb.bb_secsize));
printf("New boot block checksum: %#llx\n",
(unsigned long long)le64toh(bb.bb_cksum));
printf("%sriting bootstrap\n",
(params->flags & IB_NOWRITE) ? "Not w" : "W");
}
if (params->flags & IB_NOWRITE) {
retval = 1;
goto done;
}
rv = pwrite(params->fsfd, bootstrapbuf, bootstrapsize,
startblock * ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_BLOCKSIZE);
if (rv == -1) {
warn("Writing `%s'", params->filesystem);
goto done;
} else if ((size_t)rv != bootstrapsize) {
warnx("Writing `%s': short write", params->filesystem);
goto done;
}
if (params->flags & IB_VERBOSE)
printf("Writing boot block\n");
rv = pwrite(params->fsfd, &bb, sizeof(bb), ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_OFFSET);
if (rv == -1) {
warn("Writing `%s'", params->filesystem);
goto done;
} else if (rv != sizeof(bb)) {
warnx("Writing `%s': short write", params->filesystem);
goto done;
} else {
retval = 1;
}
done:
if (bootstrapbuf)
free(bootstrapbuf);
return (retval);
}
/*
* The Sun and alpha checksums overlay, and the Sun magic number also
* overlays the alpha checksum. If you think you are smart: stop here
* and do exercise one: figure out how to salt unimportant uint16_t
* words in mid-sector so that the alpha and sparc checksums match,
* and so the Sun magic number is embedded in the alpha checksum.
*
* The last uint64_t in the sector is the alpha arithmetic checksum.
* The last uint16_t in the sector is the sun xor checksum.
* The penultimate uint16_t in the sector is the sun magic number.
*
* A: 511 510 509 508 507 506 505 504
* S: 510 511 508 509 506 507 504 505
* 63 : : : 32:31 : : : 0
* | : : : \:| : : : |
* 7654321076543210765432107654321076543210765432107654321076543210
* |-- sparc --||-- sparc --|
* |-- checksum --||-- magic --|
* |----------------------- alpha checksum -----------------------|
* 1011111011011010
* b e d a
*/
static void
resum(ib_params *params, struct alpha_boot_block * const bb, uint16_t *bb16)
{
static uint64_t lastsum;
if (bb16 != NULL)
memcpy(bb, bb16, sizeof(*bb));
ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_CKSUM(bb, &bb->bb_cksum);
if (bb16 != NULL)
memcpy(bb16, bb, sizeof(*bb));
if ((params->flags & IB_VERBOSE) && lastsum != bb->bb_cksum)
printf("alpha checksum now %016llx\n",
(unsigned long long)le64toh(bb->bb_cksum));
lastsum = bb->bb_cksum;
}
static void
sun_bootstrap(ib_params *params, struct alpha_boot_block * const bb)
{
# define BB_ADJUST_OFFSET 64
static char our_int16s[] = "\2\3\6\7\12";
uint16_t i, j, chkdelta, sunsum, bb16[256];
/*
* Theory: the alpha checksum is adjusted so bits 47:32 add up
* to the Sun magic number. Then, another adjustment is computed
* so bits 63:48 add up to the Sun checksum, and applied in pieces
* so it changes the alpha checksum but not the Sun value.
*
* Note: using memcpy(3) instead of a union as a strict c89/c9x
* conformance experiment and to avoid a public interface delta.
*/
assert(sizeof(bb16) == sizeof(*bb));
memcpy(bb16, bb, sizeof(bb16));
for (i = 0; our_int16s[i]; ++i) {
j = BB_ADJUST_OFFSET + our_int16s[i];
if (bb16[j]) {
warnx("Non-zero bits %04x in bytes %d..%d",
bb16[j], j * 2, j * 2 + 1);
bb16[j] = 0;
resum(params, bb, bb16);
}
}
/*
* Make alpha checksum <47:32> come out to the sun magic.
*/
bb16[BB_ADJUST_OFFSET + 2] = htobe16(SUN_DKMAGIC) - bb16[254];
resum(params, bb, bb16);
sunsum = compute_sunsum(bb16); /* might be the final value */
if (params->flags & IB_VERBOSE)
printf("target sun checksum is %04x\n", sunsum);
/*
* Arrange to have alpha 63:48 add up to the sparc checksum.
*/
chkdelta = sunsum - bb16[255];
bb16[BB_ADJUST_OFFSET + 3] = chkdelta >> 1;
bb16[BB_ADJUST_OFFSET + 7] = chkdelta >> 1;
/*
* By placing half the correction in two different uint64_t words at
* positions 63:48, the sparc sum will not change but the alpha sum
* will have the full correction, but only if the target adjustment
* was even. If it was odd, reverse propagate the carry one place.
*/
if (chkdelta & 1) {
if (params->flags & IB_VERBOSE)
printf("target adjustment %04x was odd, correcting\n",
chkdelta);
assert(bb16[BB_ADJUST_OFFSET + 6] == 0);
assert(bb16[BB_ADJUST_OFFSET + 012] == 0);
bb16[BB_ADJUST_OFFSET + 6] += 0x8000;
bb16[BB_ADJUST_OFFSET + 012] += 0x8000;
}
resum(params, bb, bb16);
if (params->flags & IB_VERBOSE)
printf("final harmonized checksum: %016llx\n",
(unsigned long long)le64toh(bb->bb_cksum));
check_sparc(bb, "Final");
}
static void
check_sparc(const struct alpha_boot_block * const bb, const char *when)
{
uint16_t bb16[256];
#define wmsg "%s sparc %s 0x%04x invalid, expected 0x%04x"
memcpy(bb16, bb, sizeof(bb16));
if (compute_sunsum(bb16) != bb16[255])
warnx(wmsg, when, "checksum", bb16[255], compute_sunsum(bb16));
if (bb16[254] != htobe16(SUN_DKMAGIC))
warnx(wmsg, when, "magic number", bb16[254],
htobe16(SUN_DKMAGIC));
}