.\"	$NetBSD: uvm_map.9,v 1.11 2018/08/20 14:29:05 riastradh Exp $
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.\" Copyright (c) 1998 Matthew R. Green
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.Dd May 20, 2017
.Dt UVM_MAP 9
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm uvm_map
.Nd
virtual address space management interface
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/param.h
.In uvm/uvm.h
.Ft int
.Fn uvm_map "struct vm_map *map" "vaddr_t *startp" "vsize_t size" \
"struct uvm_object *uobj" "voff_t uoffset" "vsize_t align" "uvm_flag_t flags"
.Ft void
.Fn uvm_unmap "struct vm_map *map" "vaddr_t start" "vaddr_t end"
.Ft int
.Fn uvm_map_pageable "struct vm_map *map" "vaddr_t start" "vaddr_t end" \
"bool new_pageable" "int lockflags"
.Ft bool
.Fn uvm_map_checkprot "struct vm_map *map" "vaddr_t start" "vaddr_t end" \
"vm_prot_t protection"
.Ft int
.Fn uvm_map_protect "struct vm_map *map" "vaddr_t start" "vaddr_t end" \
"vm_prot_t new_prot" "bool set_max"
.Ft int
.Fn uvm_map_protect_user "struct lwp *l" "vaddr_t start" "vaddr_t end" \
"vm_prot_t new_prot"
.Ft int
.Fn uvm_deallocate "struct vm_map *map" "vaddr_t start" "vsize_t size"
.Ft struct vmspace *
.Fn uvmspace_alloc "vaddr_t min" "vaddr_t max"
.Ft void
.Fn uvmspace_exec "struct lwp *l" "vaddr_t start" "vaddr_t end"
.Ft struct vmspace *
.Fn uvmspace_fork "struct vmspace *vm"
.Ft void
.Fn uvmspace_free "struct vmspace *vm"
.Ft void
.Fn uvmspace_share "struct proc *p1" "struct proc *p2"
.\" .Ft void
.\" .Fn uvmspace_unshare "struct lwp *l"
.Ft vaddr_t
.Fn uvm_uarea_alloc "void"
.Ft void
.Fn uvm_uarea_free "vaddr_t uaddr"
.Ft vaddr_t
.Fn uvm_uarea_system_alloc "void"
.Ft void
.Fn uvm_uarea_system_free "vaddr_t uaddr"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The UVM facility for virtual address space management.
.Sh FUNCTIONS
.Fn uvm_map
establishes a valid mapping in map
.Fa map ,
which must be unlocked.
The new mapping has size
.Fa size ,
which must be a multiple of
.Dv PAGE_SIZE .
.Pp
The
.Fa uobj
and
.Fa uoffset
arguments can have four meanings:
.Bl -bullet -offset abcd -compact
.It
When
.Fa uobj
is
.Dv NULL
and
.Fa uoffset
is
.Dv UVM_UNKNOWN_OFFSET ,
.Fn uvm_map
does not use the machine-dependent
.Dv PMAP_PREFER
function.
.It
When
.Fa uobj
is
.Dv NULL
and
.Fa uoffset
is any other value, it is used as the hint to
.Dv PMAP_PREFER .
.It
When
.Fa uobj
is not
.Dv NULL
and
.Fa uoffset
is
.Dv UVM_UNKNOWN_OFFSET ,
.Fn uvm_map
finds the offset based upon the virtual address, passed as
.Fa startp .
.It
When
.Fa uobj
is not
.Dv NULL
and
.Fa uoffset
is any other value, then a regular mapping is performed at this offset.
The start address of the map will be returned in
.Fa startp .
.El
If
.Fa uobj
is supplied, then
.Fn uvm_map
.Em consumes
the caller's reference to
.Fa uobj
on success;
.Fn uvm_unmap
will release it when removing this mapping.
On failure,
.Fn uvm_map
leaves the reference count of
.Fa uobj
unmodified.
.Pp
.Fa align
specifies alignment of mapping unless
.Dv UVM_FLAG_FIXED
is specified in
.Fa flags .
.Fa align
must be a power of 2.
.Pp
.Fa flags
passed to
.Fn uvm_map
are typically created using the
.Fn UVM_MAPFLAG "vm_prot_t prot" "vm_prot_t maxprot" "vm_inherit_t inh" \
"int advice" "int flags"
macro, which uses the following values.
.Pp
The values that
.Fa prot
and
.Fa maxprot
can take are:
.Bl -tag -offset abcd -compact -width UVM_ADV_SEQUENTIAL
.It UVM_PROT_NONE
No protection bits.
.It UVM_PROT_R
Read.
.It UVM_PROT_W
Write.
.It UVM_PROT_X
Exec.
.It UVM_PROT_MASK
Mask to extraction the protection bits.
.El
Additionally, the following constants for ORed values are available:
.Dv UVM_PROT_RW ,
.Dv UVM_PROT_RX ,
.Dv UVM_PROT_WX
and
.Dv UVM_PROT_RWX .
.Pp
The values that
.Fa inh
can take are:
.Bl -tag -offset abcd -compact -width UVM_ADV_SEQUENTIAL
.It UVM_INH_SHARE
Share the map.
.It UVM_INH_COPY
Copy the map.
.It UVM_INH_NONE
No inheritance.
.It UVM_INH_MASK
Mask to extract inherit flags.
.El
.Pp
The values that
.Fa advice
can take are:
.Bl -tag -offset abcd -compact -width UVM_ADV_SEQUENTIAL
.It UVM_ADV_NORMAL
"Normal" use.
.It UVM_ADV_RANDOM
"Random" access likelihood.
.It UVM_ADV_SEQUENTIAL
"Sequential" access likelihood.
.It UVM_ADV_MASK
Mask to extract the advice flags.
.El
.Pp
The values that
.Fa flags
can take are:
.Bl -tag -offset abcd -compact -width UVM_ADV_SEQUENTIAL
.It UVM_FLAG_FIXED
Attempt to map on the address specified by
.Fa startp .
Otherwise, it is used just as a hint.
.It UVM_FLAG_OVERLAY
Establish overlay.
.It UVM_FLAG_NOMERGE
Do not merge map entries, if such merge is possible.
.It UVM_FLAG_COPYONW
Use copy-on-write i.e. do not fault in the pages immediately.
.It UVM_FLAG_AMAPPAD
Used for BSS: allocate larger amap, if extending is likely.
.It UVM_FLAG_TRYLOCK
Fail if cannot acquire the lock immediately.
.It UVM_FLAG_NOWAIT
Not allowed to sleep.
Fail, in such case.
.It UVM_FLAG_QUANTUM
Indicates that map entry cannot be split once mapped.
.It UVM_FLAG_WAITVA
Sleep until VA space is available, if it is not.
.It UVM_FLAG_VAONLY
Unmap only VA space.
Used by
.Fn uvm_unmap .
.It UVM_FLAG_UNMAP
Any existing entires in the range for this mapping should be
unmapped as part of creating the new mapping.
Use of this flag without also specifying
.Dv UVM_FLAG_FIXED
is a bug.
.El
.Pp
The
.Dv UVM_MAPFLAG
macro arguments can be combined with an or operator.
There are several special purpose macros for checking protection
combinations, e.g., the
.Dv UVM_PROT_WX .
There are also some additional macros to extract bits from the flags.
The
.Dv UVM_PROTECTION ,
.Dv UVM_INHERIT ,
.Dv UVM_MAXPROTECTION
and
.Dv UVM_ADVICE
macros return the protection, inheritance, maximum protection, and
advice, respectively.
.Fn uvm_map
returns zero on success or error number otherwise.
.Pp
.Fn uvm_unmap
removes a valid mapping,
from
.Fa start
to
.Fa end ,
in map
.Fa map ,
which must be unlocked.
.Pp
.Fn uvm_map_pageable
changes the pageability of the pages in the range from
.Fa start
to
.Fa end
in map
.Fa map
to
.Fa new_pageable .
.Fn uvm_map_pageable
returns zero on success or error number otherwise.
.Pp
.Fn uvm_map_checkprot
checks the protection of the range from
.Fa start
to
.Fa end
in map
.Fa map
against
.Fa protection .
This returns either
.Dv true
or
.Dv false .
.Pp
.Fn uvm_map_protect
changes the protection
.Fa start
to
.Fa end
in map
.Fa map
to
.Fa new_prot ,
also setting the maximum protection to the region to
.Fa new_prot
if
.Fa set_max
is true.
This function returns a standard UVM return value.
.Pp
.Fn uvm_map_protect_user
verifies that the new permissions honor PAX restrictions if applicable
and forwards to
.Fn uvm_map_protect
on passing.
.Pp
.Fn uvm_deallocate
deallocates kernel memory in map
.Fa map
from address
.Fa start
to
.Fa start + size .
.Pp
.Fn uvmspace_alloc
allocates and returns a new address space, with ranges from
.Fa min
to
.Fa max .
.Pp
.Fn uvmspace_exec
either reuses the address space of thread
.Fa l
(its process) if there are no other references to it, or creates
a new one with
.Fn uvmspace_alloc .
The range of valid addresses in the address space is reset to
.Fa start
through
.Fa end .
.Pp
.Fn uvmspace_fork
creates and returns a new address space based upon the
.Fa vm
address space, typically used when allocating an address space for a
child process.
.Pp
.Fn uvmspace_free
lowers the reference count on the address space
.Fa vm ,
freeing the data structures if there are no other references.
.Pp
.Fn uvmspace_share
causes process
.Pa p2
to share the address space of
.Fa p1 .
.\" .Pp
.\" .Fn uvmspace_unshare
.\" ensures that thread
.\" .Fa l
.\" has its own, unshared address space, by creating a new one if
.\" necessary by calling
.\" .Fn uvmspace_fork .
.Pp
.Fn uvm_uarea_alloc
allocates memory for a u-area (i.e. kernel stack, PCB, etc) and returns
the address.
.Pp
.Fn uvm_uarea_free
frees a u-area allocated with
.Fn uvm_uarea_alloc .
.Pp
.Fn uvm_uarea_system_alloc
and
.Fn uvm_uarea_system_free
are optimized routines, which are used for kernel threads.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr pmap 9 ,
.Xr uvm 9 ,
.Xr uvm_km 9 ,
.Xr vmem 9
.Sh HISTORY
UVM and
.Nm
first appeared in
.Nx 1.4 .