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<H1><A NAME="SEC299" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC299">A Language Codes</A></H1>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX1202"></A>
<A NAME="IDX1203"></A>
</P>
<P>
The ISO 639 standard defines two-letter codes for many languages, and
three-letter codes for more rarely used languages.
All abbreviations for languages used in the Translation Project should
come from this standard.
</P>
<H2><A NAME="SEC300" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC300">A.1 Usual Language Codes</A></H2>
<P>
For the commonly used languages, the ISO 639-1 standard defines two-letter
codes.
</P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><SAMP>‘aa’</SAMP>
<DD>
Afar.
<DT><SAMP>‘ab’</SAMP>
<DD>
Abkhazian.
<DT><SAMP>‘ad’</SAMP>
<DD>
Adangme.
<DT><SAMP>‘ae’</SAMP>
<DD>
Avestan.
<DT><SAMP>‘af’</SAMP>
<DD>
Afrikaans.
<DT><SAMP>‘ak’</SAMP>
<DD>
Akan.
<DT><SAMP>‘am’</SAMP>
<DD>
Amharic.
<DT><SAMP>‘an’</SAMP>
<DD>
Aragonese.
<DT><SAMP>‘ar’</SAMP>
<DD>
Arabic.
<DT><SAMP>‘as’</SAMP>
<DD>
Assamese.
<DT><SAMP>‘av’</SAMP>
<DD>
Avaric.
<DT><SAMP>‘ay’</SAMP>
<DD>
Aymara.
<DT><SAMP>‘az’</SAMP>
<DD>
Azerbaijani.
<DT><SAMP>‘ba’</SAMP>
<DD>
Bashkir.
<DT><SAMP>‘be’</SAMP>
<DD>
Byelorussian; Belarusian.
<DT><SAMP>‘bg’</SAMP>
<DD>
Bulgarian.
<DT><SAMP>‘bh’</SAMP>
<DD>
Bihari.
<DT><SAMP>‘bi’</SAMP>
<DD>
Bislama.
<DT><SAMP>‘bm’</SAMP>
<DD>
Bambara.
<DT><SAMP>‘bn’</SAMP>
<DD>
Bengali; Bangla.
<DT><SAMP>‘bo’</SAMP>
<DD>
Tibetan.
<DT><SAMP>‘br’</SAMP>
<DD>
Breton.
<DT><SAMP>‘bs’</SAMP>
<DD>
Bosnian.
<DT><SAMP>‘ca’</SAMP>
<DD>
Catalan.
<DT><SAMP>‘ce’</SAMP>
<DD>
Chechen.
<DT><SAMP>‘ch’</SAMP>
<DD>
Chamorro.
<DT><SAMP>‘co’</SAMP>
<DD>
Corsican.
<DT><SAMP>‘cr’</SAMP>
<DD>
Cree.
<DT><SAMP>‘cs’</SAMP>
<DD>
Czech.
<DT><SAMP>‘cu’</SAMP>
<DD>
Church Slavic.
<DT><SAMP>‘cv’</SAMP>
<DD>
Chuvash.
<DT><SAMP>‘cy’</SAMP>
<DD>
Welsh.
<DT><SAMP>‘da’</SAMP>
<DD>
Danish.
<DT><SAMP>‘de’</SAMP>
<DD>
German.
<DT><SAMP>‘dv’</SAMP>
<DD>
Divehi; Maldivian.
<DT><SAMP>‘dz’</SAMP>
<DD>
Dzongkha; Bhutani.
<DT><SAMP>‘ee’</SAMP>
<DD>
'Ew'e.
<DT><SAMP>‘el’</SAMP>
<DD>
Greek.
<DT><SAMP>‘en’</SAMP>
<DD>
English.
<DT><SAMP>‘eo’</SAMP>
<DD>
Esperanto.
<DT><SAMP>‘es’</SAMP>
<DD>
Spanish.
<DT><SAMP>‘et’</SAMP>
<DD>
Estonian.
<DT><SAMP>‘eu’</SAMP>
<DD>
Basque.
<DT><SAMP>‘fa’</SAMP>
<DD>
Persian.
<DT><SAMP>‘ff’</SAMP>
<DD>
Fulah.
<DT><SAMP>‘fi’</SAMP>
<DD>
Finnish.
<DT><SAMP>‘fj’</SAMP>
<DD>
Fijian; Fiji.
<DT><SAMP>‘fo’</SAMP>
<DD>
Faroese.
<DT><SAMP>‘fr’</SAMP>
<DD>
French.
<DT><SAMP>‘fy’</SAMP>
<DD>
Western Frisian.
<DT><SAMP>‘ga’</SAMP>
<DD>
Irish.
<DT><SAMP>‘gd’</SAMP>
<DD>
Scots; Gaelic.
<DT><SAMP>‘gl’</SAMP>
<DD>
Galician.
<DT><SAMP>‘gn’</SAMP>
<DD>
Guarani.
<DT><SAMP>‘gu’</SAMP>
<DD>
Gujarati.
<DT><SAMP>‘gv’</SAMP>
<DD>
Manx.
<DT><SAMP>‘ha’</SAMP>
<DD>
Hausa.
<DT><SAMP>‘he’</SAMP>
<DD>
Hebrew (formerly iw).
<DT><SAMP>‘hi’</SAMP>
<DD>
Hindi.
<DT><SAMP>‘ho’</SAMP>
<DD>
Hiri Motu.
<DT><SAMP>‘hr’</SAMP>
<DD>
Croatian.
<DT><SAMP>‘ht’</SAMP>
<DD>
Haitian; Haitian Creole.
<DT><SAMP>‘hu’</SAMP>
<DD>
Hungarian.
<DT><SAMP>‘hy’</SAMP>
<DD>
Armenian.
<DT><SAMP>‘hz’</SAMP>
<DD>
Herero.
<DT><SAMP>‘ia’</SAMP>
<DD>
Interlingua.
<DT><SAMP>‘id’</SAMP>
<DD>
Indonesian (formerly in).
<DT><SAMP>‘ie’</SAMP>
<DD>
Interlingue.
<DT><SAMP>‘ig’</SAMP>
<DD>
Igbo.
<DT><SAMP>‘ii’</SAMP>
<DD>
Sichuan Yi.
<DT><SAMP>‘ik’</SAMP>
<DD>
Inupiak; Inupiaq.
<DT><SAMP>‘io’</SAMP>
<DD>
Ido.
<DT><SAMP>‘is’</SAMP>
<DD>
Icelandic.
<DT><SAMP>‘it’</SAMP>
<DD>
Italian.
<DT><SAMP>‘iu’</SAMP>
<DD>
Inuktitut.
<DT><SAMP>‘ja’</SAMP>
<DD>
Japanese.
<DT><SAMP>‘jv’</SAMP>
<DD>
Javanese.
<DT><SAMP>‘ka’</SAMP>
<DD>
Georgian.
<DT><SAMP>‘kg’</SAMP>
<DD>
Kongo.
<DT><SAMP>‘ki’</SAMP>
<DD>
Kikuyu; Gikuyu.
<DT><SAMP>‘kj’</SAMP>
<DD>
Kuanyama; Kwanyama.
<DT><SAMP>‘kk’</SAMP>
<DD>
Kazakh.
<DT><SAMP>‘kl’</SAMP>
<DD>
Kalaallisut; Greenlandic.
<DT><SAMP>‘km’</SAMP>
<DD>
Khmer; Cambodian.
<DT><SAMP>‘kn’</SAMP>
<DD>
Kannada.
<DT><SAMP>‘ko’</SAMP>
<DD>
Korean.
<DT><SAMP>‘kr’</SAMP>
<DD>
Kanuri.
<DT><SAMP>‘ks’</SAMP>
<DD>
Kashmiri.
<DT><SAMP>‘ku’</SAMP>
<DD>
Kurdish.
<DT><SAMP>‘kv’</SAMP>
<DD>
Komi.
<DT><SAMP>‘kw’</SAMP>
<DD>
Cornish.
<DT><SAMP>‘ky’</SAMP>
<DD>
Kirghiz.
<DT><SAMP>‘la’</SAMP>
<DD>
Latin.
<DT><SAMP>‘lb’</SAMP>
<DD>
Letzeburgesch; Luxembourgish.
<DT><SAMP>‘lg’</SAMP>
<DD>
Ganda.
<DT><SAMP>‘li’</SAMP>
<DD>
Limburgish; Limburger; Limburgan.
<DT><SAMP>‘ln’</SAMP>
<DD>
Lingala.
<DT><SAMP>‘lo’</SAMP>
<DD>
Lao; Laotian.
<DT><SAMP>‘lt’</SAMP>
<DD>
Lithuanian.
<DT><SAMP>‘lu’</SAMP>
<DD>
Luba-Katanga.
<DT><SAMP>‘lv’</SAMP>
<DD>
Latvian; Lettish.
<DT><SAMP>‘mg’</SAMP>
<DD>
Malagasy.
<DT><SAMP>‘mh’</SAMP>
<DD>
Marshallese.
<DT><SAMP>‘mi’</SAMP>
<DD>
Maori.
<DT><SAMP>‘mk’</SAMP>
<DD>
Macedonian.
<DT><SAMP>‘ml’</SAMP>
<DD>
Malayalam.
<DT><SAMP>‘mn’</SAMP>
<DD>
Mongolian.
<DT><SAMP>‘mo’</SAMP>
<DD>
Moldavian.
<DT><SAMP>‘mr’</SAMP>
<DD>
Marathi.
<DT><SAMP>‘ms’</SAMP>
<DD>
Malay.
<DT><SAMP>‘mt’</SAMP>
<DD>
Maltese.
<DT><SAMP>‘my’</SAMP>
<DD>
Burmese.
<DT><SAMP>‘na’</SAMP>
<DD>
Nauru.
<DT><SAMP>‘nb’</SAMP>
<DD>
Norwegian Bokmål.
<DT><SAMP>‘nd’</SAMP>
<DD>
Ndebele, North.
<DT><SAMP>‘ne’</SAMP>
<DD>
Nepali.
<DT><SAMP>‘ng’</SAMP>
<DD>
Ndonga.
<DT><SAMP>‘nl’</SAMP>
<DD>
Dutch.
<DT><SAMP>‘nn’</SAMP>
<DD>
Norwegian Nynorsk.
<DT><SAMP>‘no’</SAMP>
<DD>
Norwegian.
<DT><SAMP>‘nr’</SAMP>
<DD>
Ndebele, South.
<DT><SAMP>‘nv’</SAMP>
<DD>
Navajo; Navaho.
<DT><SAMP>‘ny’</SAMP>
<DD>
Chichewa; Nyanja.
<DT><SAMP>‘oc’</SAMP>
<DD>
Occitan; Provençal.
<DT><SAMP>‘oj’</SAMP>
<DD>
Ojibwa.
<DT><SAMP>‘om’</SAMP>
<DD>
(Afan) Oromo.
<DT><SAMP>‘or’</SAMP>
<DD>
Oriya.
<DT><SAMP>‘os’</SAMP>
<DD>
Ossetian; Ossetic.
<DT><SAMP>‘pa’</SAMP>
<DD>
Panjabi; Punjabi.
<DT><SAMP>‘pi’</SAMP>
<DD>
Pali.
<DT><SAMP>‘pl’</SAMP>
<DD>
Polish.
<DT><SAMP>‘ps’</SAMP>
<DD>
Pashto, Pushto.
<DT><SAMP>‘pt’</SAMP>
<DD>
Portuguese.
<DT><SAMP>‘qu’</SAMP>
<DD>
Quechua.
<DT><SAMP>‘rm’</SAMP>
<DD>
Rhaeto-Romance.
<DT><SAMP>‘rn’</SAMP>
<DD>
Rundi; Kirundi.
<DT><SAMP>‘ro’</SAMP>
<DD>
Romanian.
<DT><SAMP>‘ru’</SAMP>
<DD>
Russian.
<DT><SAMP>‘rw’</SAMP>
<DD>
Kinyarwanda.
<DT><SAMP>‘sa’</SAMP>
<DD>
Sanskrit.
<DT><SAMP>‘sc’</SAMP>
<DD>
Sardinian.
<DT><SAMP>‘sd’</SAMP>
<DD>
Sindhi.
<DT><SAMP>‘se’</SAMP>
<DD>
Northern Sami.
<DT><SAMP>‘sg’</SAMP>
<DD>
Sango; Sangro.
<DT><SAMP>‘si’</SAMP>
<DD>
Sinhala; Sinhalese.
<DT><SAMP>‘sk’</SAMP>
<DD>
Slovak.
<DT><SAMP>‘sl’</SAMP>
<DD>
Slovenian.
<DT><SAMP>‘sm’</SAMP>
<DD>
Samoan.
<DT><SAMP>‘sn’</SAMP>
<DD>
Shona.
<DT><SAMP>‘so’</SAMP>
<DD>
Somali.
<DT><SAMP>‘sq’</SAMP>
<DD>
Albanian.
<DT><SAMP>‘sr’</SAMP>
<DD>
Serbian.
<DT><SAMP>‘ss’</SAMP>
<DD>
Swati; Siswati.
<DT><SAMP>‘st’</SAMP>
<DD>
Sesotho; Sotho, Southern.
<DT><SAMP>‘su’</SAMP>
<DD>
Sundanese.
<DT><SAMP>‘sv’</SAMP>
<DD>
Swedish.
<DT><SAMP>‘sw’</SAMP>
<DD>
Swahili.
<DT><SAMP>‘ta’</SAMP>
<DD>
Tamil.
<DT><SAMP>‘te’</SAMP>
<DD>
Telugu.
<DT><SAMP>‘tg’</SAMP>
<DD>
Tajik.
<DT><SAMP>‘th’</SAMP>
<DD>
Thai.
<DT><SAMP>‘ti’</SAMP>
<DD>
Tigrinya.
<DT><SAMP>‘tk’</SAMP>
<DD>
Turkmen.
<DT><SAMP>‘tl’</SAMP>
<DD>
Tagalog.
<DT><SAMP>‘tn’</SAMP>
<DD>
Tswana; Setswana.
<DT><SAMP>‘to’</SAMP>
<DD>
Tonga.
<DT><SAMP>‘tr’</SAMP>
<DD>
Turkish.
<DT><SAMP>‘ts’</SAMP>
<DD>
Tsonga.
<DT><SAMP>‘tt’</SAMP>
<DD>
Tatar.
<DT><SAMP>‘tw’</SAMP>
<DD>
Twi.
<DT><SAMP>‘ty’</SAMP>
<DD>
Tahitian.
<DT><SAMP>‘ug’</SAMP>
<DD>
Uighur.
<DT><SAMP>‘uk’</SAMP>
<DD>
Ukrainian.
<DT><SAMP>‘ur’</SAMP>
<DD>
Urdu.
<DT><SAMP>‘uz’</SAMP>
<DD>
Uzbek.
<DT><SAMP>‘ve’</SAMP>
<DD>
Venda.
<DT><SAMP>‘vi’</SAMP>
<DD>
Vietnamese.
<DT><SAMP>‘vo’</SAMP>
<DD>
Volapük; Volapuk.
<DT><SAMP>‘wa’</SAMP>
<DD>
Walloon.
<DT><SAMP>‘wo’</SAMP>
<DD>
Wolof.
<DT><SAMP>‘xh’</SAMP>
<DD>
Xhosa.
<DT><SAMP>‘yi’</SAMP>
<DD>
Yiddish (formerly ji).
<DT><SAMP>‘yo’</SAMP>
<DD>
Yoruba.
<DT><SAMP>‘za’</SAMP>
<DD>
Zhuang.
<DT><SAMP>‘zh’</SAMP>
<DD>
Chinese.
<DT><SAMP>‘zu’</SAMP>
<DD>
Zulu.
</DL>
<H2><A NAME="SEC301" HREF="gettext_toc.html#TOC301">A.2 Rare Language Codes</A></H2>
<P>
For rarely used languages, the ISO 639-2 standard defines three-letter
codes. Here is the current list, reduced to only living languages with at least
one million of speakers.
</P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><SAMP>‘ace’</SAMP>
<DD>
Achinese.
<DT><SAMP>‘awa’</SAMP>
<DD>
Awadhi.
<DT><SAMP>‘bad’</SAMP>
<DD>
Banda.
<DT><SAMP>‘bal’</SAMP>
<DD>
Baluchi.
<DT><SAMP>‘ban’</SAMP>
<DD>
Balinese.
<DT><SAMP>‘bem’</SAMP>
<DD>
Bemba.
<DT><SAMP>‘bho’</SAMP>
<DD>
Bhojpuri.
<DT><SAMP>‘bik’</SAMP>
<DD>
Bikol.
<DT><SAMP>‘bin’</SAMP>
<DD>
Bini.
<DT><SAMP>‘btk’</SAMP>
<DD>
Batak (Indonesia).
<DT><SAMP>‘bug’</SAMP>
<DD>
Buginese.
<DT><SAMP>‘ceb’</SAMP>
<DD>
Cebuano.
<DT><SAMP>‘din’</SAMP>
<DD>
Dinka.
<DT><SAMP>‘doi’</SAMP>
<DD>
Dogri.
<DT><SAMP>‘fil’</SAMP>
<DD>
Filipino; Pilipino.
<DT><SAMP>‘fon’</SAMP>
<DD>
Fon.
<DT><SAMP>‘gon’</SAMP>
<DD>
Gondi.
<DT><SAMP>‘gsw’</SAMP>
<DD>
Alemani; Swiss German.
<DT><SAMP>‘hil’</SAMP>
<DD>
Hiligaynon.
<DT><SAMP>‘hmn’</SAMP>
<DD>
Hmong.
<DT><SAMP>‘ilo’</SAMP>
<DD>
Iloko.
<DT><SAMP>‘kab’</SAMP>
<DD>
Kabyle.
<DT><SAMP>‘kam’</SAMP>
<DD>
Kamba.
<DT><SAMP>‘kbd’</SAMP>
<DD>
Kabardian.
<DT><SAMP>‘kmb’</SAMP>
<DD>
Kimbundu.
<DT><SAMP>‘kok’</SAMP>
<DD>
Konkani.
<DT><SAMP>‘kru’</SAMP>
<DD>
Kurukh.
<DT><SAMP>‘lua’</SAMP>
<DD>
Luba-Lulua.
<DT><SAMP>‘luo’</SAMP>
<DD>
Luo (Kenya and Tanzania).
<DT><SAMP>‘mad’</SAMP>
<DD>
Madurese.
<DT><SAMP>‘mag’</SAMP>
<DD>
Magahi.
<DT><SAMP>‘mai’</SAMP>
<DD>
Maithili.
<DT><SAMP>‘mak’</SAMP>
<DD>
Makasar.
<DT><SAMP>‘man’</SAMP>
<DD>
Mandingo.
<DT><SAMP>‘men’</SAMP>
<DD>
Mende.
<DT><SAMP>‘min’</SAMP>
<DD>
Minangkabau.
<DT><SAMP>‘mni’</SAMP>
<DD>
Manipuri.
<DT><SAMP>‘mos’</SAMP>
<DD>
Mossi.
<DT><SAMP>‘mwr’</SAMP>
<DD>
Marwari.
<DT><SAMP>‘nap’</SAMP>
<DD>
Neapolitan.
<DT><SAMP>‘nso’</SAMP>
<DD>
Pedi; Sepedi; Northern Sotho.
<DT><SAMP>‘nym’</SAMP>
<DD>
Nyamwezi.
<DT><SAMP>‘nyn’</SAMP>
<DD>
Nyankole.
<DT><SAMP>‘pag’</SAMP>
<DD>
Pangasinan.
<DT><SAMP>‘pam’</SAMP>
<DD>
Pampanga.
<DT><SAMP>‘raj’</SAMP>
<DD>
Rajasthani.
<DT><SAMP>‘sas’</SAMP>
<DD>
Sasak.
<DT><SAMP>‘sat’</SAMP>
<DD>
Santali.
<DT><SAMP>‘scn’</SAMP>
<DD>
Sicilian.
<DT><SAMP>‘shn’</SAMP>
<DD>
Shan.
<DT><SAMP>‘sid’</SAMP>
<DD>
Sidamo.
<DT><SAMP>‘srr’</SAMP>
<DD>
Serer.
<DT><SAMP>‘suk’</SAMP>
<DD>
Sukuma.
<DT><SAMP>‘sus’</SAMP>
<DD>
Susu.
<DT><SAMP>‘tem’</SAMP>
<DD>
Timne.
<DT><SAMP>‘tiv’</SAMP>
<DD>
Tiv.
<DT><SAMP>‘tum’</SAMP>
<DD>
Tumbuka.
<DT><SAMP>‘umb’</SAMP>
<DD>
Umbundu.
<DT><SAMP>‘wal’</SAMP>
<DD>
Walamo.
<DT><SAMP>‘war’</SAMP>
<DD>
Waray.
<DT><SAMP>‘yao’</SAMP>
<DD>
Yao.
</DL>
<P><HR><P>
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