Training courses

Kernel and Embedded Linux

Bootlin training courses

Embedded Linux, kernel,
Yocto Project, Buildroot, real-time,
graphics, boot time, debugging...

Bootlin logo

Elixir Cross Referencer

  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 24
 25
 26
 27
 28
 29
 30
 31
 32
 33
 34
 35
 36
 37
 38
 39
 40
 41
 42
 43
 44
 45
 46
 47
 48
 49
 50
 51
 52
 53
 54
 55
 56
 57
 58
 59
 60
 61
 62
 63
 64
 65
 66
 67
 68
 69
 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
/* Creation of subprocesses, communicating via pipes.
   Copyright (C) 2001-2004, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Written by Bruno Haible <haible@clisp.cons.org>, 2001.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
   any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
   Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */


#include <config.h>

/* Specification.  */
#include "pipe.h"

#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "error.h"
#include "exit.h"
#include "fatal-signal.h"
#include "wait-process.h"
#include "gettext.h"

#define _(str) gettext (str)

#if defined _MSC_VER || defined __MINGW32__

/* Native Woe32 API.  */
# include <process.h>
# include "w32spawn.h"

#else

/* Unix API.  */
# ifdef HAVE_POSIX_SPAWN
#  include <spawn.h>
# else
#  ifdef HAVE_VFORK_H
#   include <vfork.h>
#  endif
# endif

#endif

#ifndef HAVE_ENVIRON_DECL
extern char **environ;
#endif

#ifndef STDIN_FILENO
# define STDIN_FILENO 0
#endif
#ifndef STDOUT_FILENO
# define STDOUT_FILENO 1
#endif
#ifndef STDERR_FILENO
# define STDERR_FILENO 2
#endif


#ifdef EINTR

/* EINTR handling for close().
   These functions can return -1/EINTR even though we don't have any
   signal handlers set up, namely when we get interrupted via SIGSTOP.  */

static inline int
nonintr_close (int fd)
{
  int retval;

  do
    retval = close (fd);
  while (retval < 0 && errno == EINTR);

  return retval;
}
#define close nonintr_close

static inline int
nonintr_open (const char *pathname, int oflag, mode_t mode)
{
  int retval;

  do
    retval = open (pathname, oflag, mode);
  while (retval < 0 && errno == EINTR);

  return retval;
}
#undef open /* avoid warning on VMS */
#define open nonintr_open

#endif


/* Open a pipe connected to a child process.
 *
 *           write       system                read
 *    parent  ->   fd[1]   ->   STDIN_FILENO    ->   child       if pipe_stdin
 *    parent  <-   fd[0]   <-   STDOUT_FILENO   <-   child       if pipe_stdout
 *           read        system                write
 *
 * At least one of pipe_stdin, pipe_stdout must be true.
 * pipe_stdin and prog_stdin together determine the child's standard input.
 * pipe_stdout and prog_stdout together determine the child's standard output.
 * If pipe_stdin is true, prog_stdin is ignored.
 * If pipe_stdout is true, prog_stdout is ignored.
 */
static pid_t
create_pipe (const char *progname,
	     const char *prog_path, char **prog_argv,
	     bool pipe_stdin, bool pipe_stdout,
	     const char *prog_stdin, const char *prog_stdout,
	     bool null_stderr,
	     bool slave_process, bool exit_on_error,
	     int fd[2])
{
#if defined _MSC_VER || defined __MINGW32__

  /* Native Woe32 API.
     This uses _pipe(), dup2(), and spawnv().  It could also be implemented
     using the low-level functions CreatePipe(), DuplicateHandle(),
     CreateProcess() and _open_osfhandle(); see the GNU make and GNU clisp
     and cvs source code.  */
  int ifd[2];
  int ofd[2];
  int orig_stdin;
  int orig_stdout;
  int orig_stderr;
  int child;
  int nulloutfd;
  int stdinfd;
  int stdoutfd;

  prog_argv = prepare_spawn (prog_argv);

  if (pipe_stdout)
    if (_pipe (ifd, 4096, O_BINARY | O_NOINHERIT) < 0)
      error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("cannot create pipe"));
  if (pipe_stdin)
    if (_pipe (ofd, 4096, O_BINARY | O_NOINHERIT) < 0)
      error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("cannot create pipe"));
/* Data flow diagram:
 *
 *           write        system         read
 *    parent  ->   ofd[1]   ->   ofd[0]   ->   child       if pipe_stdin
 *    parent  <-   ifd[0]   <-   ifd[1]   <-   child       if pipe_stdout
 *           read         system         write
 *
 */

  /* Save standard file handles of parent process.  */
  if (pipe_stdin || prog_stdin != NULL)
    orig_stdin = dup_noinherit (STDIN_FILENO);
  if (pipe_stdout || prog_stdout != NULL)
    orig_stdout = dup_noinherit (STDOUT_FILENO);
  if (null_stderr)
    orig_stderr = dup_noinherit (STDERR_FILENO);
  child = -1;

  /* Create standard file handles of child process.  */
  nulloutfd = -1;
  stdinfd = -1;
  stdoutfd = -1;
  if ((!pipe_stdin || dup2 (ofd[0], STDIN_FILENO) >= 0)
      && (!pipe_stdout || dup2 (ifd[1], STDOUT_FILENO) >= 0)
      && (!null_stderr
	  || ((nulloutfd = open ("NUL", O_RDWR, 0)) >= 0
	      && (nulloutfd == STDERR_FILENO
		  || (dup2 (nulloutfd, STDERR_FILENO) >= 0
		      && close (nulloutfd) >= 0))))
      && (pipe_stdin
	  || prog_stdin == NULL
	  || ((stdinfd = open (prog_stdin, O_RDONLY, 0)) >= 0
	      && (stdinfd == STDIN_FILENO
		  || (dup2 (stdinfd, STDIN_FILENO) >= 0
		      && close (stdinfd) >= 0))))
      && (pipe_stdout
	  || prog_stdout == NULL
	  || ((stdoutfd = open (prog_stdout, O_WRONLY, 0)) >= 0
	      && (stdoutfd == STDOUT_FILENO
		  || (dup2 (stdoutfd, STDOUT_FILENO) >= 0
		      && close (stdoutfd) >= 0)))))
    /* The child process doesn't inherit ifd[0], ifd[1], ofd[0], ofd[1],
       but it inherits all open()ed or dup2()ed file handles (which is what
       we want in the case of STD*_FILENO) and also orig_stdin,
       orig_stdout, orig_stderr (which is not explicitly wanted but
       harmless).  */
    child = spawnvp (P_NOWAIT, prog_path, prog_argv);
  if (stdinfd >= 0)
    close (stdinfd);
  if (stdoutfd >= 0)
    close (stdoutfd);
  if (nulloutfd >= 0)
    close (nulloutfd);

  /* Restore standard file handles of parent process.  */
  if (null_stderr)
    dup2 (orig_stderr, STDERR_FILENO), close (orig_stderr);
  if (pipe_stdout || prog_stdout != NULL)
    dup2 (orig_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO), close (orig_stdout);
  if (pipe_stdin || prog_stdin != NULL)
    dup2 (orig_stdin, STDIN_FILENO), close (orig_stdin);

  if (pipe_stdin)
    close (ofd[0]);
  if (pipe_stdout)
    close (ifd[1]);
  if (child == -1)
    {
      if (exit_on_error || !null_stderr)
	error (exit_on_error ? EXIT_FAILURE : 0, errno,
	       _("%s subprocess failed"), progname);
      if (pipe_stdout)
	close (ifd[0]);
      if (pipe_stdin)
	close (ofd[1]);
      return -1;
    }

  if (pipe_stdout)
    fd[0] = ifd[0];
  if (pipe_stdin)
    fd[1] = ofd[1];
  return child;

#else

  /* Unix API.  */
  int ifd[2];
  int ofd[2];
# if HAVE_POSIX_SPAWN
  sigset_t blocked_signals;
  posix_spawn_file_actions_t actions;
  bool actions_allocated;
  posix_spawnattr_t attrs;
  bool attrs_allocated;
  int err;
  pid_t child;
# else
  int child;
# endif

  if (pipe_stdout)
    if (pipe (ifd) < 0)
      error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("cannot create pipe"));
  if (pipe_stdin)
    if (pipe (ofd) < 0)
      error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("cannot create pipe"));
/* Data flow diagram:
 *
 *           write        system         read
 *    parent  ->   ofd[1]   ->   ofd[0]   ->   child       if pipe_stdin
 *    parent  <-   ifd[0]   <-   ifd[1]   <-   child       if pipe_stdout
 *           read         system         write
 *
 */

# if HAVE_POSIX_SPAWN
  if (slave_process)
    {
      sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, NULL, &blocked_signals);
      block_fatal_signals ();
    }
  actions_allocated = false;
  attrs_allocated = false;
  if ((err = posix_spawn_file_actions_init (&actions)) != 0
      || (actions_allocated = true,
	  (pipe_stdin
	   && (err = posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 (&actions,
						       ofd[0], STDIN_FILENO))
	      != 0)
	  || (pipe_stdout
	      && (err = posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 (&actions,
							  ifd[1], STDOUT_FILENO))
		 != 0)
	  || (pipe_stdin
	      && (err = posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose (&actions, ofd[0]))
		 != 0)
	  || (pipe_stdout
	      && (err = posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose (&actions, ifd[1]))
		 != 0)
	  || (pipe_stdin
	      && (err = posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose (&actions, ofd[1]))
		 != 0)
	  || (pipe_stdout
	      && (err = posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose (&actions, ifd[0]))
		 != 0)
	  || (null_stderr
	      && (err = posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen (&actions,
							  STDERR_FILENO,
							  "/dev/null", O_RDWR,
							  0))
		 != 0)
	  || (!pipe_stdin
	      && prog_stdin != NULL
	      && (err = posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen (&actions,
							  STDIN_FILENO,
							  prog_stdin, O_RDONLY,
							  0))
		 != 0)
	  || (!pipe_stdout
	      && prog_stdout != NULL
	      && (err = posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen (&actions,
							  STDOUT_FILENO,
							  prog_stdout, O_WRONLY,
							  0))
		 != 0)
	  || (slave_process
	      && ((err = posix_spawnattr_init (&attrs)) != 0
		  || (attrs_allocated = true,
		      (err = posix_spawnattr_setsigmask (&attrs,
							 &blocked_signals))
		      != 0
		      || (err = posix_spawnattr_setflags (&attrs,
							POSIX_SPAWN_SETSIGMASK))
			 != 0)))
	  || (err = posix_spawnp (&child, prog_path, &actions,
				  attrs_allocated ? &attrs : NULL, prog_argv,
				  environ))
	     != 0))
    {
      if (actions_allocated)
	posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy (&actions);
      if (attrs_allocated)
	posix_spawnattr_destroy (&attrs);
      if (slave_process)
	unblock_fatal_signals ();
      if (exit_on_error || !null_stderr)
	error (exit_on_error ? EXIT_FAILURE : 0, err,
	       _("%s subprocess failed"), progname);
      if (pipe_stdout)
	{
	  close (ifd[0]);
	  close (ifd[1]);
	}
      if (pipe_stdin)
	{
	  close (ofd[0]);
	  close (ofd[1]);
	}
      return -1;
    }
  posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy (&actions);
  if (attrs_allocated)
    posix_spawnattr_destroy (&attrs);
# else
  if (slave_process)
    block_fatal_signals ();
  /* Use vfork() instead of fork() for efficiency.  */
  if ((child = vfork ()) == 0)
    {
      /* Child process code.  */
      int nulloutfd;
      int stdinfd;
      int stdoutfd;

      if ((!pipe_stdin || dup2 (ofd[0], STDIN_FILENO) >= 0)
	  && (!pipe_stdout || dup2 (ifd[1], STDOUT_FILENO) >= 0)
	  && (!pipe_stdin || close (ofd[0]) >= 0)
	  && (!pipe_stdout || close (ifd[1]) >= 0)
	  && (!pipe_stdin || close (ofd[1]) >= 0)
	  && (!pipe_stdout || close (ifd[0]) >= 0)
	  && (!null_stderr
	      || ((nulloutfd = open ("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0)) >= 0
		  && (nulloutfd == STDERR_FILENO
		      || (dup2 (nulloutfd, STDERR_FILENO) >= 0
			  && close (nulloutfd) >= 0))))
	  && (pipe_stdin
	      || prog_stdin == NULL
	      || ((stdinfd = open (prog_stdin, O_RDONLY, 0)) >= 0
		  && (stdinfd == STDIN_FILENO
		      || (dup2 (stdinfd, STDIN_FILENO) >= 0
			  && close (stdinfd) >= 0))))
	  && (pipe_stdout
	      || prog_stdout == NULL
	      || ((stdoutfd = open (prog_stdout, O_WRONLY, 0)) >= 0
		  && (stdoutfd == STDOUT_FILENO
		      || (dup2 (stdoutfd, STDOUT_FILENO) >= 0
			  && close (stdoutfd) >= 0))))
	  && (!slave_process || (unblock_fatal_signals (), true)))
	execvp (prog_path, prog_argv);
      _exit (127);
    }
  if (child == -1)
    {
      if (slave_process)
	unblock_fatal_signals ();
      if (exit_on_error || !null_stderr)
	error (exit_on_error ? EXIT_FAILURE : 0, errno,
	       _("%s subprocess failed"), progname);
      if (pipe_stdout)
	{
	  close (ifd[0]);
	  close (ifd[1]);
	}
      if (pipe_stdin)
	{
	  close (ofd[0]);
	  close (ofd[1]);
	}
      return -1;
    }
# endif
  if (slave_process)
    {
      register_slave_subprocess (child);
      unblock_fatal_signals ();
    }
  if (pipe_stdin)
    close (ofd[0]);
  if (pipe_stdout)
    close (ifd[1]);

  if (pipe_stdout)
    fd[0] = ifd[0];
  if (pipe_stdin)
    fd[1] = ofd[1];
  return child;

#endif
}

/* Open a bidirectional pipe.
 *
 *           write       system                read
 *    parent  ->   fd[1]   ->   STDIN_FILENO    ->   child
 *    parent  <-   fd[0]   <-   STDOUT_FILENO   <-   child
 *           read        system                write
 *
 */
pid_t
create_pipe_bidi (const char *progname,
		  const char *prog_path, char **prog_argv,
		  bool null_stderr,
		  bool slave_process, bool exit_on_error,
		  int fd[2])
{
  pid_t result = create_pipe (progname, prog_path, prog_argv,
			      true, true, NULL, NULL,
			      null_stderr, slave_process, exit_on_error,
			      fd);
  return result;
}

/* Open a pipe for input from a child process.
 * The child's stdin comes from a file.
 *
 *           read        system                write
 *    parent  <-   fd[0]   <-   STDOUT_FILENO   <-   child
 *
 */
pid_t
create_pipe_in (const char *progname,
		const char *prog_path, char **prog_argv,
		const char *prog_stdin, bool null_stderr,
		bool slave_process, bool exit_on_error,
		int fd[1])
{
  int iofd[2];
  pid_t result = create_pipe (progname, prog_path, prog_argv,
			      false, true, prog_stdin, NULL,
			      null_stderr, slave_process, exit_on_error,
			      iofd);
  if (result != -1)
    fd[0] = iofd[0];
  return result;
}

/* Open a pipe for output to a child process.
 * The child's stdout goes to a file.
 *
 *           write       system                read
 *    parent  ->   fd[0]   ->   STDIN_FILENO    ->   child
 *
 */
pid_t
create_pipe_out (const char *progname,
		 const char *prog_path, char **prog_argv,
		 const char *prog_stdout, bool null_stderr,
		 bool slave_process, bool exit_on_error,
		 int fd[1])
{
  int iofd[2];
  pid_t result = create_pipe (progname, prog_path, prog_argv,
			      true, false, NULL, prog_stdout,
			      null_stderr, slave_process, exit_on_error,
			      iofd);
  if (result != -1)
    fd[0] = iofd[1];
  return result;
}