Training courses

Kernel and Embedded Linux

Bootlin training courses

Embedded Linux, kernel,
Yocto Project, Buildroot, real-time,
graphics, boot time, debugging...

Bootlin logo

Elixir Cross Referencer

  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 24
 25
 26
 27
 28
 29
 30
 31
 32
 33
 34
 35
 36
 37
 38
 39
 40
 41
 42
 43
 44
 45
 46
 47
 48
 49
 50
 51
 52
 53
 54
 55
 56
 57
 58
 59
 60
 61
 62
 63
 64
 65
 66
 67
 68
 69
 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
/*
 * badcode.asl
 *
 * This file contains examples of the extended error checking and
 * typechecking capabilities of the iASL compiler. Other ASL compilers
 * may ignore these errors completely. Note - this is not an exhaustive
 * list of errors detected by iASL, it shows many of the errors that
 * are not detected by other ASL compilers.
 *
 * To compile, use:
 * iasl badcode.asl
 *
 * Output:
 * Compilation complete. 45 Errors, 22 Warnings, 3 Remarks, 16 Optimizations
 *
 */
DefinitionBlock ("badcode.aml", "DSDT", 1, "Intel", "Example", 0x00000001)
{
    Name (INT1, 0)
    Name (BUF1, Buffer() {0,1,2,3})
    Event (EVT1)

    // Invalid SyncLevel in Mutex declaration

    Mutex (MTX1, 32)

    // Integer beyond the table integer size (32 bits)

    Name (BIG, 0x1234567887654321)

    // CPackage length does not match initializer list length

    Name (PKG1, Package(5) {0,1})

    // Inadvertent use of single backslash in a string

    Name (PATH, Buffer() {"\_SB_.PCI2._CRS"})

    // Invalid hex escape sequence

    Name (ESC1, "abcdefg\x00hijklmn")

    // Field access beyond region bounds

    OperationRegion (OPR1, SystemMemory, 0x2000, 6)
    Field (OPR1, DWordAcc, NoLock, Preserve)
    {
        Offset (4),
        FLD1, 8
    }

    // Some address spaces support only ByteAcc or BufferAcc

    OperationRegion (OPR2, EmbeddedControl, 0x4000, 8)
    Field (OPR2, DWordAcc, NoLock, Preserve)
    {
        FLD2, 8
    }
    OperationRegion (OPR3, SMBus, 0x8000, 16)
    Field (OPR3, WordAcc, NoLock, Preserve)
    {
        FLD3, 8
    }

    // Invalid SyncLevel in method declaration

    Method (MTH1, 0, NotSerialized, 32)
    {
        // Invalid arguments and uninitialized locals

        Store (Arg3, Local0)
        Store (Local1, Local2)

        // Parameter typechecking (MTX1 is invalid type)

        Subtract (MTX1, 4, Local3)

        // Various invalid parameters

        CreateField (BUF1, 0, Subtract (4, 4), FLD1)

        // Unchecked mutex and event timeouts

        Acquire (MTX1, 100)
        Wait (EVT1, 1)

        // Result from operation is not used - statement has no effect

        Add (INT1, 8)

        // Unreachable code

        Return (0)
        Store (5, INT1)
    }

    Method (MTH2)
    {
        // Switch with no Case statements

        Switch (ToInteger (INT1))
        {
            Default
            {
            }
        }

        if (LEqual (INT1, 0))
        {
            Return (INT1)
        }

        // Fallthrough exit path does not return a value
    }

    Method (MTH3)
    {
        // Method MTH2 above does not always return a value

        Store (MTH2 (), Local0)
    }

    // Method MTH4 does not explicitly return a value

    Method (MTH4) {}
    Method (MTH5) {Store (MTH4(), Local0)}

    // Invalid _HID values

    Device (H1)
    {
        Name (_HID, "*PNP0C0A")     // Illegal leading asterisk
    }
    Device (H2)
    {
        Name (_HID, "PNP")          // Too short, must be 7 or 8 chars
    }
    Device (H3)
    {
        Name (_HID, "MYDEVICE01")   // Too long, must be 7 or 8 chars
    }
    Device (H4)
    {
        Name (_HID, "acpi0001")     // non-hex chars must be uppercase
    }
    Device (H5)
    {
        Name (_HID, "PNP-123")      // HID must be alphanumeric
    }
    Device (H6)
    {
        Name (_HID, "")             // Illegal Null HID
        Name (_CID, "")             // Illegal Null CID
    }

    // Predefined Name typechecking

    Name (_PRW, 4)
    Name (_FDI, Buffer () {0})

    // Predefined Name argument count validation
    // and return value validation

    Method (_OSC, 5)
    {
    }

    // Predefined Names that must be implemented as control methods

    Name (_L01, 1)
    Name (_E02, 2)
    Name (_Q03, 3)
    Name (_ON,  0)
    Name (_INI, 1)
    Name (_PTP, 2)

    // GPE methods that cause type collision (L vs. E)

    Scope (\_GPE)
    {
        Method (_L1D)
        {
        }
        Method (_E1D)
        {
        }
    }

    // Predefined names that should not have a return value

    Method (_FDM, 1)
    {
        Return (Buffer(1){0x33})
    }
    Method (_Q22)
    {
        Return ("Unexpected Return Value")
    }

    // _REG must have a corresponding Operation Region declaration
    // within the same scope

    Device (EC)
    {
        Method (_REG, 2)
        {
        }
    }

    /*
     * Resource Descriptor error checking
     */
    Name (RSC1, ResourceTemplate ()
    {
        // Illegal nested StartDependent macros

        StartDependentFn (0, 0)
        {
            StartDependentFn (0, 0)
            {
            }
        }

        // Missing EndDependentFn macro
    })

    Name (RSC2, ResourceTemplate ()
    {
        // AddressMin is larger than AddressMax
        IO (Decode16,
            0x07D0,             // Range Minimum
            0x03E8,             // Range Maximum
            0x01,               // Alignment
            0x20,               // Length
            )

        // Length larger than Min/Max window size
        Memory32 (ReadOnly,
            0x00001000,         // Range Minimum
            0x00002000,         // Range Maximum
            0x00000004,         // Alignment
            0x00002000,         // Length
            )

        // Min and Max not multiples of alignment value
        Memory32 (ReadOnly,
            0x00001001,         // Range Minimum
            0x00002002,         // Range Maximum
            0x00000004,         // Alignment
            0x00000200,         // Length
            )

        // 10-bit ISA I/O address has a max of 0x3FF
        FixedIO (
            0xFFFF,             // Address
            0x20,               // Length
            )

        // Invalid AccessSize parameter
        Register (SystemIO,
            0x08,               // Bit Width
            0x00,               // Bit Offset
            0x0000000000000100, // Address
            0x05                // Access Size
            )

        // Invalid ResourceType (0xB0)
        QWordSpace (0xB0, ResourceConsumer, PosDecode, MinFixed, MaxFixed, 0xA5,
            0x0000,             // Granularity
            0xA000,             // Range Minimum
            0xBFFF,             // Range Maximum
            0x0000,             // Translation Offset
            0x2000,             // Length
            ,, )

        // AddressMin is larger than AddressMax
        WordIO (ResourceProducer, MinFixed, MaxFixed, PosDecode, EntireRange,
            0x0000,             // Granularity
            0x0200,             // Range Minimum
            0x0100,             // Range Maximum
            0x0000,             // Translation Offset
            0x0100,             // Length
            ,, , TypeStatic)

        // Length larger than Min/Max window size
        DWordSpace (0xC3, ResourceConsumer, PosDecode, MinFixed, MaxFixed, 0xA5,
            0x00000000,         // Granularity
            0x000C8000,         // Range Minimum
            0x000C9000,         // Range Maximum
            0x00000000,         // Translation Offset
            0x00001002,         // Length
            ,, )

        // Granularity must be (power-of-two -1)
        DWordMemory (ResourceProducer, PosDecode, MinFixed, MaxNotFixed, NonCacheable, ReadWrite,
            0x00000010,
            0x40000000,
            0xFED9FFFF,
            0x00000000,
            0xBECA0000)

        // Address Min (with zero length) not on granularity boundary
        QWordIO (ResourceProducer, MinFixed, MaxNotFixed, PosDecode, EntireRange,
            0x0000000000000003, // Granularity
            0x0000000000000B02, // Range Minimum
            0x0000000000000C00, // Range Maximum
            0x0000000000000000, // Translation Offset
            0x0000000000000000, // Length
            ,, , TypeStatic)

        // Address Max (with zero length) not on (granularity boundary -1)
        QWordMemory (ResourceProducer, PosDecode, MinNotFixed, MaxFixed, Cacheable, ReadWrite,
            0x0000000000000001, // Granularity
            0x0000000000100000, // Range Minimum
            0x00000000002FFFFE, // Range Maximum
            0x0000000000000000, // Translation Offset
            0x0000000000000000, // Length
            ,, , AddressRangeMemory, TypeStatic)

        // Invalid combination: zero length, both Min and Max are fixed
        DWordIO (ResourceProducer, MinFixed, MaxFixed, PosDecode, EntireRange,
            0x00000000,         // Granularity
            0x000C8000,         // Range Minimum
            0x000C8FFF,         // Range Maximum
            0x00000000,         // Translation Offset
            0x00000000,         // Length
            ,, )

        // Invalid combination: non-zero length, Min Fixed, Max not fixed
        DWordIO (ResourceProducer, MinFixed, MaxNotFixed, PosDecode, EntireRange,
            0x00000001,         // Granularity
            0x000C8000,         // Range Minimum
            0x000C8FFF,         // Range Maximum
            0x00000000,         // Translation Offset
            0x00000100,         // Length
            ,, )

        // Invalid combination: non-zero length, Min not Fixed, Max fixed
        DWordIO (ResourceProducer, MinNotFixed, MaxFixed, PosDecode, EntireRange,
            0x00000001,         // Granularity
            0x000C8000,         // Range Minimum
            0x000C8FFF,         // Range Maximum
            0x00000000,         // Translation Offset
            0x00000200,         // Length
            ,, )

        // Granularity must be zero if non-zero length, min/max fixed
        DWordIO (ResourceProducer, MinFixed, MaxFixed, PosDecode, EntireRange,
            0x0000000F,         // Granularity
            0x000C8000,         // Range Minimum
            0x000C8FFF,         // Range Maximum
            0x00000000,         // Translation Offset
            0x00001000,         // Length
            ,, )

        // Null descriptor (intended to be modified at runtime) must
        // have a resource tag (to allow it to be modified at runtime)
        DWordIO (ResourceProducer, MinFixed, MaxFixed, PosDecode, EntireRange,
            0x00000000,         // Granularity
            0x00000000,         // Range Minimum
            0x00000000,         // Range Maximum
            0x00000000,         // Translation Offset
            0x00000000,         // Length
            ,, )

        // Missing StartDependentFn macro

        EndDependentFn ()
    })

    // Test descriptor for CreateXxxxField operators in REM1 below

    Name (RSC3, ResourceTemplate ()
    {
        DWordIO (ResourceProducer, MinFixed, MaxFixed, PosDecode, EntireRange,
            0x00000000,         // Granularity
            0x000C8000,         // Range Minimum
            0x000C8FFF,         // Range Maximum
            0x00000000,         // Translation Offset
            0x00001000,         // Length
            ,, DWI1)
    })

    Method (REM1)
    {
        // Tagged resource field larger than field being created

        CreateWordField (RSC3, \DWI1._LEN, LEN)
        CreateByteField (RSC3, \DWI1._MIN, MIN)
        CreateBitField (RSC3, \DWI1._RNG, RNG1)

        // Tagged resource field smaller than field being created

        CreateQWordField (RSC3, \DWI1._MAX, MAX)
        CreateBitField (RSC3, \DWI1._GRA, GRA)
        CreateField (RSC3, \DWI1._MIF, 5, MIF)
        CreateField (RSC3, \DWI1._RNG, 3, RNG2)
    }

    Method (L100)
    {
        /* Method Local is set but never used */

        Store (40, Local0)
    }
}