.\"	$NetBSD: amd.8,v 1.4 2015/01/17 17:46:31 christos Exp $
.\"
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1997-2014 Erez Zadok
.\" Copyright (c) 1989 Jan-Simon Pendry
.\" Copyright (c) 1989 Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine
.\" Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
.\" Jan-Simon Pendry at Imperial College, London.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"
.\" File: am-utils/amd/amd.8
.\"
.TH AMD 8 "3 November 1989"
.SH NAME
amd \- automatically mount file systems
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B amd
.B \-H
.br
.B amd
[
.BI \-F " conf_file"
]
.br
.B amd
[
.B \-nprvHS
] [
.BI \-a " mount_point"
] [
.BI \-c " duration"
] [
.BI \-d " domain"
] [
.BI \-k " kernel-arch"
] [
.BI \-l " logfile"
] [
.BI \-o " op_sys_ver"
] [
.BI \-t " interval.interval"
] [
.BI \-w " interval"
] [
.BI \-x " log-option"
] [
.BI \-y " YP-domain"
] [
.BI \-A " arch"
] [
.BI \-C " cluster-name"
] [
.BI \-D " option"
] [
.BI \-F " conf_file"
] [
.BI \-O " op_sys_name"
] [
.BI \-T " tag"
]
[
.I directory
.I mapname
.RI [ " \-map-options " ]
] .\|.\|.
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Amd
is a daemon that automatically mounts filesystems
whenever a file or directory
within that filesystem is accessed.
Filesystems are automatically unmounted when they
appear to have become quiescent.
.LP
.B Amd
operates by attaching itself as an
.SM NFS
server to each of the specified
.IB directories .
Lookups within the specified directories
are handled by
.BR amd ,
which uses the map defined by
.I mapname
to determine how to resolve the lookup.
Generally, this will be a host name, some filesystem information
and some mount options for the given filesystem.
.LP
In the first form depicted above,
.B amd
will print a short help string.  In the second form, if no options are
specified, or the
.B -F
is used,
.B amd
will read configuration parameters from the file
.I conf_file
which defaults to
.BR /etc/amd.conf .
The last form is described below.
.SH OPTIONS

.\"*******************************************************"

.TP
.BI \-a " temporary-directory"
Specify an alternative location for the real mount points.
The default is
.BR /a .

.TP
.BI \-c " duration"
Specify a
.IR duration ,
in seconds, that a looked up name remains
cached when not in use.  The default is 5 minutes.

.TP
.BI \-d " domain"
Specify the local domain name.  If this option is not
given the domain name is determined from the hostname.

.TP
.BI \-k " kernel-arch"
Specifies the kernel architecture.  This is used solely
to set the ${karch} selector.

.TP
.BI \-l " logfile"
Specify a logfile in which to record mount and unmount events.
If
.I logfile
is the string
.B syslog
then the log messages will be sent to the system log daemon by
.IR syslog (3).
The default syslog facility used is LOG_DAEMON.  If you
wish to change it, append its name to the log file name, delimited by a
single colon.  For example, if
.I logfile
is the string
.B syslog:local7
then
.B Amd
will log messages via
.IR syslog (3)
using the LOG_LOCAL7 facility (if it exists on the system).

.TP
.B \-n
Normalize hostnames.
The name refereed to by ${rhost} is normalized relative to the
host database before being used.  The effect is to translate
aliases into ``official'' names.

.TP
.BI \-o " op_sys_ver"
Override the compiled-in version number of the operating system.  Useful
when the built in version is not desired for backward compatibility reasons.
For example, if the build in version is ``2.5.1'', you can override it to
``5.5.1'', and use older maps that were written with the latter in mind.

.TP
.B \-p
Print PID.
Outputs the process-id of
.B amd
to standard output where it can be saved into a file.

.TP
.B \-r
Restart existing mounts.
.B Amd
will scan the mount file table to determine which filesystems
are currently mounted.  Whenever one of these would have
been auto-mounted,
.B amd
.I inherits
it.

.TP
.BI \-t " timeout.retransmit"
Specify the NFS timeout
.IR interval ,
in tenths of a second, between NFS/RPC retries (for UDP only).  The default
is 0.8 seconds.  The second value alters the retransmit counter, which
defaults to 11 retransmissions.  Both of these values are used by the kernel
to communicate with amd.  Useful defaults are supplied if either or both
values are missing.

Amd relies on the kernel RPC retransmit mechanism to trigger mount retries.
The values of these parameters change the overall retry interval.  Too long
an interval gives poor interactive response; too short an interval causes
excessive retries.

.TP
.B \-v
Version.  Displays version and configuration information on standard error.

.TP
.BI \-w " interval"
Specify an
.IR interval ,
in seconds, between attempts to dismount
filesystems that have exceeded their cached times.
The default is 2 minutes.

.TP
.BI \-x " options"
Specify run-time logging options.  The options are a comma separated
list chosen from: fatal, error, user, warn, info, map, stats, defaults, and
all.  Note that "fatal" and "error" are mandatory and cannot be turned off.

.TP
.BI \-y " domain"
Specify an alternative NIS domain from which to fetch the NIS maps.
The default is the system domain name.  This option is ignored if NIS
support is not available.

.TP
.BI \-A " arch"
Specifies the OS architecture.  This is used solely to set the ${arch}
selector.

.TP
.BI \-C " cluster-name"
Specify an alternative HP-UX cluster name to use.

.TP
.BI \-D " option"
Select from a variety of debug options.  Prefixing an
option with the strings
.B no
reverses the effect of that option.  Options are cumulative.
The most useful option is
.BR all .
Since
.I \-D
is only used for debugging other options are not documented here:
the current supported set of options is listed by the \-v option
and a fuller description is available in the program source.

.TP
.BI \-F " conf_file"
Specify an amd configuration file to use.  See
.BR amd.conf (5)
for description of this file's format.  This configuration file is used to
specify any options in lieu of typing many of them on the command line.  The
.I amd.conf
file includes directives for every command line option amd has, and many
more that are only available via the configuration file facility.  The
configuration file specified by this option is processed after all other
options had been processed, regardless of the actual location of this option
on the command line.

.TP
.B \-H
Print help and usage string.

.TP
.BI \-O " op_sys_name"
Override the compiled-in name of the operating system.  Useful when the
built in name is not desired for backward compatibility reasons.  For
example, if the build in name is ``sunos5'', you can override it to
``sos5'', and use older maps which were written with the latter in mind.

.TP
.B \-S
Do not lock the running executable pages of amd into memory.  To improve
amd's performance, systems that support the
.BR plock (3)
call, could lock the amd process into memory.  This way there is less chance
the operating system will schedule, page out, and swap the amd process as
needed.  This tends improves amd's performance, at the cost of reserving the
memory used by the amd process (making it unavailable for other processes).
If this behavior is not desired, use the
.B \-S
option.

.TP
.BI \-T " tag"
Specify a tag to use with
.BR amd.conf (5).
All map entries tagged with
.I tag
will be processed.  Map entries that are not tagged are always processed.
Map entries that are tagged with a tag other than
.I tag
will not be processed.

.SH FILES
.TP 5
.B /a
directory under which filesystems are dynamically mounted
.TP 5
.B /etc/amd.conf
default configuration file
.SH CAVEATS
Some care may be required when creating a mount map.
.LP
Symbolic links on an NFS filesystem can be incredibly inefficient.
In most implementations of NFS, their interpolations are not cached
by the kernel and each time a symlink is encountered during a
.I lookuppn
translation it costs an RPC call to the NFS server.
It would appear that a large improvement in real-time
performance could be gained by adding a cache somewhere.
Replacing symlinks with a suitable incarnation of the auto-mounter
results in a large real-time speedup, but also causes a large
number of process context switches.
.LP
A weird imagination is most useful to gain full advantage of all
the features.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR domainname (1),
.BR hostname (1),
.BR syslog (3).
.BR amd.conf (5),
.BR mtab (5),
.BR amq (8),
.\" .BR automount (8),
.BR mount (8),
.BR umount (8),
.LP
``am-utils''
.BR info (1)
entry.
.LP
.I "Linux NFS and Automounter Administration"
by Erez Zadok, ISBN 0-7821-2739-8, (Sybex, 2001).
.LP
.I http://www.am-utils.org
.LP
.I "Amd \- The 4.4 BSD Automounter"
.SH AUTHORS
Jan-Simon Pendry <jsp@doc.ic.ac.uk>, Department of Computing, Imperial College, London, UK.
.P
Erez Zadok <ezk@cs.sunysb.edu>, Computer Science Department, Stony Brook
University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
.P
Other authors and contributors to am-utils are listed in the
.B AUTHORS
file distributed with am-utils.